The short story of Romance of the Three Kingdoms is on fire.

In the history of the Three Kingdoms, Battle of Red Cliffs was a watershed: before Battle of Red Cliffs, the regime was divided among the heroes; After Battle of Red Cliffs, the tripartite confrontation in Wei Shuwu was basically formed. Although Cao Cao relied on the emperor to make the princes, his strength never reached the peak. So, will Cao Cao leave it at that? What action will Cao Cao take militarily after Battle of Red Cliffs? Yi Zhongtian, a professor from Xiamen University, is a guest in Lecture Room, giving you a wonderful taste of the Three Kingdoms-giving up halfway.

The Three Kingdoms is an era of changeable situation, sea crossing, heroes coming forth in large numbers, which is fascinating. Many heroes show their talents here, which can be described as "picturesque scenery, how many heroes there are at one time". The Three Kingdoms era has also become a topic that people talk about. From February, 26, Lecture Room launched a series of programs entitled "Yi Zhongtian Pinning the Three Kingdoms", and on August 3th, 24 episodes were broadcast. In the first 24 episodes, Mr. Yi Zhongtian described the formation and struggle process of Wei, Shu and Wu Sanda groups, and portrayed the figures of the three countries headed by Cao Cao, Liu Bei and Sun Quan. In the program, Mr. Yi Zhongtian told the story about people, history with people, culture with history and humanity with culture, which opened the curtain of city by the sea and told the magnificent history.

From the 25th episode, Mr. Yi Zhongtian will start with Cao Cao after Battle of Red Cliffs, and continue to read the history of the Three Kingdoms for you. As an ambitious man, Cao Cao suffered a military defeat in Chibi, but his ideal is to wipe out the four seas and unify Kyushu. Will he stop there? What action will he take next? Yi Zhongtian, a professor from Xiamen University, is a guest in Lecture Room, giving you a wonderful taste of the Three Kingdoms.

Yi Zhongtian:

After Battle of Red Cliffs, Cao Cao mainly did three things militarily, that is, he defeated Ma and Han, seized Sun Quan and attacked Zhang Lu. Let's talk about them one by one.

let's talk about the first thing first, break the horse and Han. To defeat Ma and Han is to defeat Ma Chao and Han Sui.

* Ma Chao and Han Sui were separatist forces entrenched in Guanzhong at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. After Cao Cao suffered a defeat in Chibi, he was unable to shake the joint forces of Sun and Liu for the time being, so he set his sights on the weaker separatist forces like Ma Chao and Han Sui. In the sixteenth year of Jian 'an, that is, more than two years after Battle of Red Cliffs, Cao Cao began to levy Ma Chao and Han Sui. So, are Ma Chao and Han Sui easy to fight?

But Ma Chao and Han Sui are not easy to fight. Why not? Ma Chao and Han Sui are court officials, that is, their official position is officially appointed by the court, and there is no rebellion and suspicion. It makes no sense for you to beat him inexplicably. But Ma Chao and Han Sui must be eliminated by Cao Cao. What should we do? Cao Cao had an idea to force Ma Chao and Han Sui to rebel, so he ordered Zhong You to make a westward expedition to Zhang Lu in the spring of the sixteenth year of Jian 'an. Zhang Lu is also a local regime with a separatist regime, so where is Zhang Lu? Zhang Lu is in Hanzhong, so when Cao Cao sent troops to levy Zhang Lu, he must pass by Ma Chao and Han Sui's territory, because Ma Chao and Han Sui are in Guanzhong. Therefore, when Cao Cao gave this order, some people immediately objected, and many people went to Cao Cao and said, you can't do this. They said, when you go to Zhang Lu, you must pass by the defenses of Ma Chao and Han Sui. Who is Zhang Lu? This Zhang Lu is in a deep forest, and it can't be a person with climate; And Ma Chao and Han Sui, these people, he also has no ambition. He just wants to keep his piece of land, so forget it. Aren't you going to play Zhang Lu now to annoy them both? What if the two of them get angry and rebel? Cao Cao's stomach was funny after hearing this. I just wanted him to rebel. If he didn't rebel, I had no reason to hit him. He was cunning.

In a word, Zhong You's army passed by, and after it passed, Ma Chao and Han Sui and his gang turned against each other. At that time, they joined forces with the 1-route warlord, claiming to be 1, troops, and stationed in Tongguan, ready to fight Cao Cao for a larger foe. So a dozen, then someone to remind cao cao, said this Ma Chao and Han Sui, I'm afraid, they are Kansai soldiers, Kansai soldiers "used to spears", this long weapon, you should pay attention to. Cao Cao said it doesn't matter if they don't need it. Don't they just have spears? If I can't pierce his spear, the army will drive over.

After the past, things were not as simple as what Cao Cao said. In fact, the beginning of the war was very difficult. At that time, Cao Cao led the army to cross the Yellow River in the north. When crossing the Yellow River, Cao Cao let the big troops go first, and he took hundreds of good soldiers with him to defend himself. At this time, Cao Cao had only a few hundred people, and Ma Chao took 1, people and killed them. Cao Cao still sat there motionless. When the generals around him saw something bad, they set up Cao Cao and left, saying that the Prime Minister could no longer sit here. When Ma Chao's 1, men came, they put him on the boat. By this time, Ma Chao's army had arrived, and Ma Chao ordered the arrow to be released, "the arrow fell like rain", and the arrow shot past like rain. The troops who had crossed the river didn't know what Cao Cao was like, and they panicked. When Cao Cao crossed the Yellow River, everyone cried after seeing Cao Cao. Cao Cao smiled, hehe, yes, yes, it was a bit dangerous today, and almost got killed by a little thief.

* Ma Chao and Han Sui are weak, but it is not easy for Cao Cao to defeat them. At the beginning of the victory, the two sides won and lost each other. After the war turned to stalemate, Cao Cao not only won the local battle, but also deliberately stuck to the camp. Ma Chao and Han Sui hope to make a quick decision because they are allied forces. Cao Cao's delay is unfavorable to the joint military action of Ma Chao and Han Sui, and the initiative of the war has reached Cao Cao's hands.

At this time, Ma Chao and Han Sui proposed to cede territory for peace, that is, if we are willing to give up a little place, will we be spared? And we are willing to "proton", that is, send our children to you as hostages, ok? Cao Cao asked Jia Xu, what do you think? Jia Xu said: "False promises". What do you mean by "false promise"? Pretend to promise him. Cao Cao asked again, what happened after the "false promise"? Jia Xu said, "Just leave them" means breaking them up. Cao Cao immediately understood, using a deviant.

* Ma Chao and Han Sui joined forces to fight against Cao Cao, which was a fight for their own survival, because Cao Cao conquered Ma Chao and Han Sui to take their sphere of influence-Guanzhong and wipe out separatist forces like them. In this case, although the battle on the battlefield is unfavorable to Ma Chao and Han Sui, they have no way out, and they must fight Cao Cao to the end. So at this time, Cao Cao will use alienation to disintegrate the allied forces of Ma Chao and Han Sui. Is it possible?

Yes, because the relationship between Ma Chao and Han Sui is very delicate. Ma Chao's father's name is Ma Teng, and Ma Teng and Han Sui are old friends. But then the two families fell out and turned against each other. It was Cao Cao who came out to mediate and transferred Marten to the court to be an official. Han Sui just colluded with Ma Chao, Marten's son, and United again. So they are a little bumpy, so since they are bumpy, they can be deviant.

but if there is an opportunity, the opportunity will come. One day, when the two armies were at war, they all arranged the array. Han Sui asked to meet Cao Cao, and Cao Cao said yes, so let's meet. So before Han Sui and Cao Cao mounted their horses, they walked to the middle zone between the two arrays. What do you mean by "cross-talk shift"? That is, both of their horses missed and touched each other in this way. How long did they chat on horseback? More than an hour, an hour in ancient times is equivalent to two hours now, that is, they talked for more than two hours, what did they say? "But Kyoto is old", because Cao Cao and Han Sui and Han Sui's father are old friends, Cao Cao and Han Sui's father are filial piety, which was promoted to filial piety in the same year, and Cao Cao and Han Sui were once officials in the same dynasty, so they should be old friends, so we should catch up and talk about the previous stories when we haven't seen each other for many years. When they had a good talk, they touched their hands and laughed, touched their hands and laughed. After talking, they went back. Ma Chao asked Han Sui when he got back. What did Cao Cao tell you? Han Sui's answer is: "Nothing to say", nothing to say. Originally didn't say anything, he didn't say anything, Ma Chao didn't believe it, saying that the two of you ran into the middle, and the horses' heads were so staggered, and we talked for two and a half hours, but who believed you? This heart began to whisper.

A few days later, about the third day, Han Sui proposed to see Cao Cao again. This time, he took Ma Chao with him and went to see Cao Cao with him. Cao Cao's face suddenly changed. This time, Cao Cao came alone, with an army, followed by Xu Chu with a horizontal knife, staring at both eyes. Who are you staring at? Stare at Ma Chao. Then set up a barrier in front of you, called "wooden horse", which is the kind of obstacle tied with wood. It was Han Sui who came to talk to me. I just "changed the horse's language" before I hit the horse and kissed him. I don't trust you when Ma Chao comes. I'll set up obstacles first. There's a man behind me, riding a horse with a knife and staring at you, which clearly shows that I don't trust Ma Chao. Obviously, we should treat Han Sui and Ma Chao separately.

So this meeting is very interesting. There are three things worth saying. First, when we met this time, the generals of the Korean and Malaysian joint forces all came to salute Cao Cao immediately. They all came over. Hello, Prime Minister. There's going to be a war, and he says hello. This is the first thing. Second, the soldiers of the combined forces of Ma and Han rushed to the front to see Cao Cao. They all stretched out their necks, and the people behind crowded to the front, and the people in front went to the front again. So Cao Cao immediately got off his horse and said that you wanted to see Cao Cao. I am, with two eyes and one nose, nothing more than you. If you want to say more, you will have more wisdom. We have told this story before, and this is the second thing. Then what is the third thing? After the words of Cao Cao were finished, these people who were eager to see Cao Cao reacted, and then they looked at the 5, iron cavalry behind Cao Cao. All of them had the best weapons in their hands, and their weapons shone in the sun. At that time, the horse and Korean Coalition forces basically lost their fighting spirit.

So, after so much preparation, Cao Cao officially used the trick. Cao Cao wrote a letter to Han Sui, and after writing it, he circled and smeared it, deleted some words and added some words, and then sent it to Han Sui. Then we don't know what this letter is about, and the book doesn't record its content, but we can be sure of three points: first, Cao Cao knew that this letter would be read by Ma Chao; The second point is that this letter written by Cao Cao is ambiguous, vague and evasive. You can understand a sentence in this way or that way, and you have to tamper with it. Then the third point is that people will see that it was the recipient who changed it, not the writer! All in Cao Cao's expectation, Ma Chao really saw this letter, and then he really suspected that Han Sui had something ulterior to do with Cao Cao. After Cao Cao wrote a letter, it was tampered with by Han Sui, and Ma Chao never believed in Han Sui again.

then we know that the most feared thing in allied operations is the discord between the commanders and the commanders. You have to know that this Malaysian-Korean Coalition is known as a 1-route warlord with 1, troops. In fact, it is a mob. Everyone has ulterior motives. Everyone has their own plans, and the leaders are Ma Chao and Han Sui. They are suspicious of this battle and can't fight. On this premise, Cao Cao began to March and beat Ma Chao and Han Sui out of the water in one battle.

* Ma Chao and Han Sui fell into the trap of Cao Cao, and they were suspicious of each other. In this case, Cao Cao easily defeated the allied forces of Ma Chao and Han Sui. However, Cao Cao, a fierce enemy, let two people go, which was the first time that Cao Cao gave up halfway after Battle of Red Cliffs. Next, Cao Cao levied Sun Quan, which should be a good opportunity for Cao Cao to avenge Battle of Red Cliffs. So, will Cao Cao give up halfway?

what about the second thing, that is, levying sun quan? After Ma Chao and Han Sui were pacified, Cao Cao thought that he could come to play Sun Quan, but before playing Sun Quan, Cao Cao first wrote a long letter to Sun Quan, which was of course ghostwritten by someone else, who grabbed the knife and ghostwritten. It's a very long letter with a gorgeous literary talent, but the content is very simple, that is, it makes a condition that if Sun Quan promises me to kill Zhang Zhao and Liu Bei, Jiangdong will be yours forever, and the court will give you an official promotion. If you can't bear to kill Zhang Zhao, you can kill Liu Bei alone. But Sun Quan didn't buy it. Sun Quan was ready for a decisive battle with Cao Cao. He did two things: the first thing was to move his place of governance-because Sun Quan was not a country at this time, it couldn't be called the capital, it could only be called the place of governance-from Beijing to Jianye, where Beijing is now Zhenjiang in Jiangsu Province and Jianye is now Nanjing in Jiangsu Province; The second thing is at the mouth of ruxu, where is ruxu? Now Wuwei County, Anhui Province has built a military port in that place, which is to prepare to resist Cao Cao.

In this way, Cao Cao thought it was necessary to fight, so in the seventeenth year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao personally led the army, claiming that 4, people conquered Sun Quan, and in the eighteenth year of Jian 'an, he advanced into ruxu. Then this time, Cao Cao's preparations for the war were inadequate, and he expected the enemy to be ill-prepared and returned in vain. Sun Quan's side is well prepared, so the war is in a stalemate and it is not good for Cao Cao. In the end, Cao Cao had to stick to it in the military camp of his water army, and Sun Quan repeatedly challenged Cao Cao and did not come out. After so many challenges to Cao Cao, Sun Quan went by himself, and Sun Quan sailed into the camp of Cao Cao's water army. So what happened after he entered? There are two kinds of statements, both of which are in Pei Songzhi's notes of the Three Kingdoms. Two kinds of statements: One kind of statement we talked about in the episode of Red Cliff, that is, after Sun Quan's boat sailed in, Cao Cao ordered to release the arrow, and then Sun Quan's boat tilted over, and Sun Quan ordered to turn the boat around, and Cao Cao released the arrow again. After the boat was balanced, Sun Quan went back, which was "grass" Another way of saying this is that after Sun Quan's ship sailed in, Cao Cao knew that Sun Quan was coming, so he gave an order not to move, not to make a move, and not to shoot an arrow. We came to see what Sun Quan thought of us. So, Cao Cao's army was all ready, but not an arrow was released, watching Sun Quan's ship turn around in Cao Cao's military port. After the turn, Sun Quan ordered the music to be played, and then everyone went away and preached. Cao Cao nodded and said, Alas, Sun Quan is really a hero. Then he made a famous remark: "Give birth to a child like Sun Zhongmou".

* Sun Zhongmou is Sun Quan, whose name is Zhong Mou. Cao Cao means that a son should be born like Sun Quan, because Sun Quan dares to sail into the camp of Cao Cao's water army when the two armies are at war, which requires courage and boldness. Cao Cao's emotion also shows that he did not take advantage of Sun Quan. However, when the two armies confronted each other and the two sides were in a stalemate, Cao Cao withdrew without a tie because he was concerned about the stability of his rear, which can be said to be another halfway. Then, will Cao Cao give up halfway in the next war?

In the 19th year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao's conquest of Sun Quan failed. At this time, Liu Bei, another old rival of Cao Cao, took Yizhou from Liu Zhang, and the separatist forces near Yizhou were weak in Zhang Lu. If Cao Cao did not attack Zhang Lu, Zhang Lu would be annexed by Liu Bei. The expansion of Liu Bei's influence is a threat to Cao Cao's ideal of sweeping the four seas and unifying Kyushu, so in the twentieth year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao began to explore Zhang Lu in the west. Then, Cao Cao gave up halfway in the first two wars, which