Translation of Wang Xizhi's Notes on Ancient Chinese in Preface to Lanting

In the study day after day, everyone has memorized classical Chinese. You must be familiar with it, right? Classical Chinese, as a kind of stereotyped writing, has been used for two or three thousand years from pre-Qin philosophers to stereotyped writing in Ming and Qing Dynasties. What are the classic classical Chinese texts that are widely circulated? The following is the translation of Wang Xizhi's original classical Chinese annotations in the preface to Lanting Collection, which I collected. I hope it will help you.

Introduction of works

Preface to Lanting Collection is also called Preface to Lanting Collection, Preface to Lanting, Preface to He Lin, Preface to Zan and Zan Tie. On March 3rd, the 9th year of Yonghe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (AD 353), 4/kloc-0 military and political dignitaries such as Wang Xizhi, Xie An and Sun Chuo "wrote poems" in Yinshan Lanting (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). At the meeting, Wang Xizhi wrote a preface for their poems. The Preface to the Orchid Pavilion narrates the beauty of the landscape around the Orchid Pavilion and the joy of the party, and expresses the author's feelings about the impermanence of life and death. For the calligraphy work Preface to Lanting Collection, please refer to "Preface to Lanting Collection" in Shenlong edition.

original work

handicraftsmen

Yonghe 19, aged in Guichou, will meet Lanting Club 3 4, Yin Shan Club 5, and fix things 6. From Qunxian 7 to 8, Shaolong 9 salty 10 set has bamboo cultivation of1mountain, 12 Maolin, and 13 clear water is turbulent, reflecting about 14. It is considered that the running water is 15, followed by 16. Although there are no strings of silk and bamboo, 17, a poem of 18 is enough to express your love.

It's also the 20th day, the sky is clear, Huifeng 2 1, Chang 22. Looking up at the size of the universe, we can see the variety, so 24 eyes are better than 25 arms, which is enough for audio-visual entertainment. I believe there are also 27 cokes.

Ladies, pitch I 28. Or take 29 arms to achieve 30 words in one room; Or 3 1 because of entrustment. Although 32 years old is different from 33 years old, when he is happy with what has happened to him, he will fight for 34 years old for himself for a while and will soon be self-sufficient to 35 years old, but he will not know that he has become old because of 36 years old. What he is tired of is 37, 38 is emotional with the times, and 39 is emotional. What makes 40 happy is that between pitching and pitching, it is already 4 1, so it is still necessary to make 42 happy. The situation is short and easy, and the final period is 44. The ancients said, "Life and death are forty-five!" It hurts!

Every time I look at the reasons why the old people are excited, if we combine 46, we will mourn 47, which is incomparable with 48. As we all know, a dead life is a fake birthday, and Peng Qi's sadness is a mistake. Looking back today is still looking back on the past, sad husband! Therefore, when the narrative time is 50, record its 5 1. Although the world is different, it is so exciting, and it is 52. The latter audience 53 will also be moved by Sven 54.

Sentence annotation

1, Yonghe: year number of Sima Dan (Jin Mudi) in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, AD 345-356 * * * 12. In the ninth year of Yonghe, there were 4 1 person such as Wang Xizhi, Xie An and Sun Chuo. Wang Xizhi wrote this preface to summarize his works after holding ceremonies and drinking and writing poems.

2. Late spring: March of the lunar calendar. Good evening. Good evening.

3. Meeting: General Assembly.

4.kuáI jī: County name, now Shaoxing, Zhejiang.

5. Yin Shan: Today's Yuecheng District.

6. This is also for the ceremony. According to ancient customs, people gather at the water's edge to play and wash their hands on the fourth day of the third month of the lunar calendar (the third day of the third month after Wei Dynasty) in order to eliminate ominous and seek happiness. In fact, this is a kind of spring outing of the ancients.

7. Qunxian: Many talented people. Refers to Xie An and other 32 social celebrities. Xian: Adjectives are nouns.

8. Arrival: All arrived. Bi, Quan and Du.

9. Shaochang: For example, Wang Xizhi's sons Wang Ningzhi and Wang Huizhi are few; Xie An, Wang Xizhi and others are dragons.

10, salty: both.

1 1, mountain: mountain.

12, xiuzhu: gaozhu. Hugh, it looks tall.

13, turbulence: the water flow is very fast.

14, reflection belt left and right: reflection is dotted around the pavilion. Reflect, set off, surround

15, shāng qu (qū) water: glass made of lacquer is used to hold wine, and it is placed in a curved waterway and allowed to drift. When the glass stops in front of someone, someone will drink it with it. This is a way for the ancients to persuade wine for fun. Flow, causative usage. Qushui, the diversion ring bends like a canal, and the glass flows.

16, next to the row: next to Qushui. Sit in rows, sit in rows. Second, next to the water.

17, the prosperity of bamboo and string: the grand occasion of playing music. Sheng, grand.

18, a poem: drinking and writing a poem.

19, Love: Deep and obscure feelings.

20. This is a day: this day.

2 1, huifeng: gentle wind.

22. Harmony and relaxation.

23, the prosperity of categories: the diversity of everything. Category refers to everything in nature.

24, so: used.

25. cheng: engage in Mercedes-benz.

26. Extreme: exhaustion.

27. Letter: Reality.

28, wife, pitch a lifetime: people interact with each other and spend their lives quickly. Honey, the first few words of the sentence are not translated. Get along, get along and communicate. Pitch indicates the brevity of time.

29. Take it all: Take it from, get it from. ...

30. Enlightenment: Talk face to face. Enlightenment, through "shout", refers to the witty remarks of understanding.

3 1, abandon the situation because of entrustment: entrust your feelings to your favorite, unconstrained and unrestrained life. Because, depend on, from. Send, entrust. What you trust and love. Wild, unrestrained, unrestrained. Skull, body, shape.

32. fun (qū) Shewanshu: each has his own hobbies. Interest, that is, choice, hobby. Fun, pass "take". Very different.

33. Quiet: Quiet and uneasy.

34. temporary: short-lived, temporary.

35. Fast self-sufficiency: Feeling happy and satisfied. of course， ......

36. I don't know that old age is coming: (unexpectedly) I don't know that old age is coming. From the Analects of Confucius: "He is also a human being. He forgets to eat when he is angry, and forgets his worries when he is happy. He doesn't know that he is old." There is "Zeng" before the sentence of a book.

37. Tired: Tired of what you like or get. Go, go and arrive.

38. Feelings move with the times: Feelings change with things. Move, change

39. Emotion Department: Emotion arises. Tie it, tie it.

40. direction: the past and the past.

4 1, old trace: old trace.

42. Let it go: Because of it, it arouses feelings in my heart. Because, because. Yes, it refers to "the history of centripetal ...". Xing, occurrence, cause.

43, short and fast: the length of life depends on nature. Chemical, natural.

44. Period: to, and.

45. Life and death are also major events: life and death are major events. Language "Zhuangzi DE chong fu".

46. Deed: Deed, ancient token. Carve words on the contract and divide it into two parts, each holding half, as evidence.

47. Ji Xun's funeral: reading ancient Chinese, sighing and being sad. Face, face.

48. Y: I understand.

49. As we all know, a dead life is a false birth, and Peng Qi's sadness is an illusion: people first knew that it was untrue to equate death with life, and it was wrong to equate long life with short life. Of course, it was solid at first. First of all, treat ... the same; Qi, about ... because of equality, both are used as verbs. Fake birthdays, fake ridiculous words. Yes, a minor died. Make mistakes, make mistakes, talk nonsense. A life and death, Gibbon's return, is Zhuangzi's view. From "The Theory of Homogeneous Things".

50. List people: Write down the people who attended the meeting one by one.

5 1. Record what they say: Record their poems.

52. First, people's ideological interests are the same.

53. The audience of future generations: the readers of future generations.

54. Sven: The poetry of this party.

original text

Yonghe nine years, aged in Guichou, will gather in Lanting to repair things in late spring and early spring. A group of smart people never miss, but some of them are long and salty. There are mountains here, and there are bamboo cultivation in Maolin; There is also a clear stream, which reflects left and right, thinking it is a stream, followed by a row. Although it is not as prosperous as the string of silk and bamboo, it is enough to love. It's sunny, sunny and breezy. Looking up at the size of the universe and overlooking the variety, it's enough to enjoy watching and listening. I believe in coke.

The phase of a lady, pitching for a lifetime, or taking a bosom, realizing a room; Let the waves go because of the entrustment. Although the fun is different, the calmness is different. When they are happy with what they have encountered, they will temporarily get it from themselves, they will be self-sufficient and will not know the arrival of old age. What he is tired of is that his feelings are advancing with the times and his feelings are sentimental. I'm happy about it. It's a thing of the past between pitches, so I still have to be happy about it. The situation is short-lived, and it will end in the end. The ancients said, "Life and death are great." It hurts! (I don't know that old age is coming: I don't know that old age is coming)

Every time I look at the reasons why the ancients were excited, if I unite, I will lament the article, which can't be compared to the things in my chest. Knowing that a dead life is a false birthday and the destruction of Peng Qi is a mistake. Look at the present in the future or look at the past today. Sad husband! Therefore, as soon as people go public, they record what they say. Although the world is different, they are happy and they are one. Later visitors will also be impressed by Sven.

Vernacular translation

In the ninth year of Yonghe, in early March, we will meet in Lanting, Yin Shan, Huiji County, in order to handle affairs. Many talented people gather here, young and old. Lanting Group has towering peaks, lush trees and tall bamboo forests. There is also a clear and swift stream, shining around the pavilion. We painted the stream as winding water and sat next to it. Although there is no grand occasion of playing music, drinking some wine and writing some poems is enough to describe that hidden feeling.

On this day, the weather is fine, the air is fresh and the weather is sunny. Look up at the vastness of the universe, look down at many things on the earth, broaden your horizons and broaden your mind. It's really happy.

People associate with each other and spend their lives quickly. Someone talks about ambition indoors; Some people cling to what they like, pin their feelings on it and live a carefree life. Although they have their own hobbies, quiet and restless are different, but when they are happy with what they touch, they will feel complacent for a while. I feel very happy and satisfied, and I don't even know that aging is coming. When you are tired of what you get or love, your feelings will change with things, and so will your feelings. What I used to like, in an instant, has become an old trace, but I can't help feeling because of it. Besides, the length of my life depends on nature, and finally it comes down to extinction. The ancients said, "Life and death are important things after all." How can it not make people sad?

Whenever I see the reasons for the feelings of my predecessors, the reasons are consistent, and it is inevitable that I will feel sad and incomprehensible when reading the articles of my predecessors. It turns out that it is wrong to equate life and death, and it is wrong to equate longevity and short life. It is sad that future generations look at people today just as people today look at their predecessors. So write down the people who attended the meeting one by one and record the poems they made. Even though times have changed, things have changed, but the reasons for people's feelings are the same. Future readers will also be deeply touched by the poems of this gathering.

Creation background

In the 9th year of Jin Yonghe (353), on the third day of the third lunar month, Wang Xizhi, who "went to Zhejiang first and was determined to win", once held an elegant gathering with 4/kloc-0 celebrities such as Gao Shi Xie An and Sun Chuo in the Lanting under the shade of Huiji Mountain (now under the Zhu Lan Mountain outside Shaoxing). Participants wrote poems, expressed their arms and copied them into collections. It is recommended that Wang Xizhi, the convener of this gathering, write a preface to record this elegant collection, that is, the preface to Lanting Collection.

works appreciation

The article describes the scenery of Lanting and the fun of gathering with Wang Xizhi and others, and expresses the author's sigh about the infrequent activities and "All shall be well, jack shall have Jill". The author is extremely happy and sad when he is happy and sad. The article also changed with his feelings, from calm to calm, to ups and downs, ups and downs, so Preface to Lanting Collection became a famous masterpiece. Full text * * * three paragraphs.

The first paragraph of the article describes the grand occasion of the Lanting party and writes the deep affection of the participants. First point out the time, place and reason of the party, and then introduce the number and scope of participants. "A group of talents arrive, and a few people get together." Then write about the beautiful environment around Lanting. Write in the distance first: "Mountains and rivers, Maolin xiuzhu"; Then write "clean flow and turbulence" near the low place; Then always write a note: "Play around". Simple language. Poetic and picturesque. Based on the description of the scenery, the poems on the stream are introduced, and it is pointed out that the content of the grand ceremony is "one poem and one chant", "talking about bosom friends" and "although it is not as prosperous as a string", which is a pen set off by the opposite side and expresses the pleasing feelings with additional pictures. Finally, it is pointed out that the day of the event coincides with the weather, and "Clear Sky Wan Li" provides favorable conditions for the following "looking up" and "looking down"; Hui Feng He Chang echoes with The Beginning of Late Spring. The beautiful scenery here and now enables "looking up", "overlooking", "enjoying the scenery" and "audio-visual entertainment" to get rid of secular troubles, enjoy the beauty of nature to the fullest and express their thoughts. At this point, the author summed up the feelings of the participants as "music". The brushwork is concise and neat, and there is no trace of axe chisel.

In the second paragraph of the article, I expounded my view on life, feeling that life is short and full of philosophy, and events are not frequent, followed by the word "music" mentioned earlier, which triggered various feelings. First of all, use the word "or" to comment on the two different concrete manifestations of "people are facing each other and throwing their lives" from the positive and negative comparison. One is "let's talk in one room, each taking what he needs", and the other is "leaving the wave because of entrustment". Then it is pointed out that although their performances are different, their mood is the same. That is, when they are happy with what they have encountered, they will be "quick and self-sufficient", but the feeling of "I don't know that old age is coming" is aimed at the pleasure of the party full of audio-visual entertainment in the text, focusing on joy and forgetting sadness. Then, the joy of "meeting happiness" leads to the worry that "feelings move with the times", writing happiness leads to worry, and exclaiming that "with the times, there will be an end". At this point, the article advances to the big question of life and death. Finally, Confucius' sentence "Death is great, life is great" is quoted to sum up the whole passage, and the "pain" in the author's heart is completely revealed.

The last paragraph explains the reason for the preface. Following the discussion on the feeling of "it's good to come back from the dead" in the above article, starting from personal experience, the article points out that every time I find that "the reason why the old people were excited at that time" is exactly the same as my own, I can't help but mourn, but I can't tell you why. Then he turned to criticize Laozi and Zhuangzi's views on "a person's life and death" and "Peng Qizhi's sadness", thinking that this is completely "fake birth" and "fake works". Scholars in the Eastern Jin Dynasty praised Laozi and Zhuangzi and liked empty talk. Zhuangzi thinks that all natural things are "born but not dead" (Zhuangzi's Theory of Everything), and puts Peng Zu, who lives a long life, on an equal footing with his children who died early, and thinks that "if you don't die, you will not die, and Peng Zu will die". The author can go against the trend of the times. It is commendable to boldly deny this idea of Laozi and Zhuangzi, and then the author made a further inference from the facts of ancient times: "Look at the present in the future and look at the past now." Based on this understanding, it just "lists the people and records their descriptions" for future generations to read. Although "things are different" in the future, "so I got pregnant. "Its consistency is also." This explains theoretically why the Preface to Lanting Collection was compiled. The last sentence explains the purpose of the preface, which aroused the feelings of future generations. The words are straightforward, but the feelings of development are endless.

This preface is concise, elegant and meaningful, which represents Wang Xizhi's prose style. And its words are exquisite and catchy. It is a masterpiece of ancient parallel prose. Preface to Lanting Collection has its own merits in several aspects of parallel prose. Syntactically, the antithesis is neat and the meaning of the sentence is juxtaposed, such as "a group of sages are all, and a few are long and salty" and "the temple is big." Look down on the prosperity of the category ","or talk arm in arm; Or because of entrustment, let the waves go beyond the skeleton. "antithesis is relative, the rhyme is harmonious, there is no trace of axe chisel, the language is fresh, simple and natural. The words that belong to the discussion part are also very simple and expressive, and only simple and memorable allusions such as "Peng Qi's sorrow" and "mending the wedge" are used in the allusions. This simple style of writing is in sharp contrast with the gaudy style of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

This article embodies Wang Xizhi's positive outlook on life, which is in sharp contrast with the inaction advocated by Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi.

Brief introduction of the author

Wang Xizhi (303-36 1), Han nationality, was born in Linyi (now Linyi, Shandong), and later moved to Yin Shan (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). Because Wang Xizhi is right-handed, he is called "Wang Youjun" and "Wang Huiji". Wang Jianshan followed regular script and cursive script, wrote different forms, studied his body carefully, imitated his hand assiduously, learned from others' strengths, prepared his body, and melted into one furnace. He got rid of the style of writing in Han and Wei dynasties, became a family of his own, and had a far-reaching influence, creating a running script of "Nature is natural, and God is rich in the world". Representative works include: On Le Yi in Regular Script and Huang Tingjing. He was a calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and was honored as a "book saint" by later generations. Together with his son Wang Xianzhi, he is called "Two Kings".