In the myth of the flame, how did Franklin attract lightning?

After many experiments, Franklin came to some important conclusions: EDM is not produced by friction, but collected; Electricity is the basic element that permeates substances and can be attracted by other substances, especially water and metals. The charge on the metal foil outside the Leyden bottle is just the opposite of the charge inside: one side is positive and the other side is negative, which can be expressed and explained by positive and negative mathematical concepts.

These conclusions reached by Franklin were the most scientific at that time. He discovered the secret of the Lyden bottle. He used a plus sign (+) and a minus sign (-) to represent positive and negative electricity, which was a pioneering work in the history of electricity. From then on, electricity began to move in the direction of precision and qualitative. Franklin wrote a letter to the Royal Society of London about his experimental results, which was published in the book Franklin's Electrical Experiments and Observations in Philadelphia, USA. After the book came out, it immediately caused a sensation in Europe and America. Then Franklin became interested in lightning. With the deepening of Franklin's research on lightning, he felt more and more that when lightning happened, its flash and sound were very similar to those when the positive and negative charges on the Leiden bottle were short-circuited.

So he boldly came to the conclusion that lightning is the electricity in nature, and it is the same as the electricity in Leiden bottle. Then, Franklin made a further hypothesis: since the electricity in the Leiden bottle can be introduced and led out, lightning in nature should also be led to the ground through conductors. Suddenly, the spark of scientific thinking flashed in his mind: a sharp metal pole was installed at the top of the church, and then the metal pole was connected to the ground with wires. This can lead the electricity in the air to the ground and ensure the safety of the church. 1752 in may, Franklin, with the help of a French friend, erected an iron bar with a height of 12 meters in Paris for an experiment.

When a dark cloud flew over the iron bar, it approached the iron bar with its finger, and as expected, a spark came out, which proved that the lightning from the iron bar was the same as that in the Leiden bottle. However, Franklin was not satisfied with the experiment. He decided to do an amazing experiment at the cost of his life: introduce lightning in the sky into the Leyden bottle! 1752 One afternoon in July, the weather was sultry and gloomy. Franklin took his son to the barren wilderness. Father and son prepared a big kite, which is made of silk. There is a long iron wire at the top of the kite, and the kite is pulled with hemp rope. A ribbon is tied at the end of the rope, and a key is hung between the ribbon and the hemp rope. They also brought a bottle of Leyden wine.

Suddenly, the sky was overcast, the wind was strong and the thunder rumbled. This is a good time to capture the sky and electricity. They took action at once, looked at the wind direction, and the kite was quickly put into the sky. During the storm, a dazzling lightning tore through the sky. A dark cloud quickly rolled over the kite and it rained cats and dogs. In an instant, Franklin found that all the fibers on the rope stood on end. It turned out that the metal wire absorbed the charge of the cloud and led it to the kite line. Franklin moved his fingers up and down near the rope. Strangely, the fiber standing on the rope swung up and down with the movement of his fingers. He carefully touched the key with his fingers, only to hear a "click", a blue electric spark jumped out, and his wrist was numb.

This shows that the iron wire on the kite conducted the lightning, and the wet traction wire passed the lightning to the metal key below. Then Franklin held the kite higher, connected the key to the Leyden bottle and began to store lightning. After taking back the kite, Franklin and his son hurried home with Leiden bottles. What he wants to confirm is whether the lightning in the sky has been stored in the Leyden bottle and whether it can be led out of the Leyden bottle again.

When he got home, he lit the alcohol lamp with the electricity stored in Leiden bottle. As a result, the spark immediately ignited the alcohol lamp. The success of this experiment shows that lightning is indeed a discharge phenomenon, just like sparks in the laboratory. Lightning and thunder are "Leiden bottles" that discharge in the sky. Thunderstorm clouds are one electrode and the earth is another electrode. World-famous electricity