Induction of geographical knowledge points in seventh grade

Learn to learn seventh grade geography from life, learn geography with common sense of life, read more national geographic magazines and programs about geography, and travel more. Love life, combine what you see and hear in life with geographical knowledge, and combine theory with practice. It's easy to look back at your geography textbook. The following is a summary of the seventh grade geography knowledge points I have compiled for you. Come and have a look.

Chapter 65438 +0-2 Seventh grade geography knowledge points summary

Chapter 1 Earth and Map

Section 1 The Earth and the Globe

1. The earth is a sphere with an average radius of 637 1 km, a maximum circumference of about 40000km and a surface area of 5 1 100 million square km.

2. Latitude: a circle perpendicular to the earth axis and surrounding the earth, indicating the east-west direction. The equator is the largest latitude circle.

The latitude of 3.0 degrees is the equator; The 0-degree meridian is the initial meridian. There is only one latitude 0, longitude 0 and longitude 180 on the earth.

Meridian: a semicircle connecting the north and south poles and intersecting the latitude vertically. The meridian represents the north-south direction.

Countless longitude and latitude lines can be drawn on the earth.

6. The west of longitude 0 degrees is called the west longitude, which is represented by "W"; The east of longitude 0 is called east longitude, which is represented by "E".

7. If the drawn latitude and longitude network map has no longitude of 0 degree or 180 degree, it depends on the degree. East longitude increases and west longitude increases.

8. On the latitude and longitude network map with the south pole as the center, the east longitude increases clockwise and the west longitude increases counterclockwise; On the latitude and longitude network map with the north pole as the center, the situation is just the opposite.

9. The north of the equator is called the north latitude, which is represented by "n"; The south of the equator is called south latitude, which is indicated by "S".

10. If the drawn latitude and longitude network map does not have a latitude of 0 degrees, it depends on the degree. In south latitude, the degree increases to the south, and in north latitude, the degree increases to the north.

1 1. On the latitude and longitude network centered on the pole, the following laws should be followed to judge the north and south latitudes: the latitude centered on the south pole is the south latitude; At the center of the north, the latitude is north latitude.

12, 0 degrees (equator) divides the northern and southern hemispheres; 200W, 1600E is divided into the eastern and western hemispheres.

The movement of the earth in the second quarter

1. The rotation of the earth around its axis is called the rotation of the earth. The rotation direction is from west to east; A round is about 24 hours.

2. Natural phenomena caused by the earth's rotation: alternation of day and night, time difference.

The earth revolves around the sun, which is called the revolution of the earth. The direction of revolution is from west to east; A revolution is a year.

4. Natural phenomena caused by the revolution of the earth: the formation of four seasons and five belts.

Section 3 Map

1. Three elements of a map: scale, direction and legend.

(1) Scale = distance on the map? Field distance

1. Three types of scales: lines, numbers and characters.

B, compare the scale: compare the number of components to be scaled, the scale with large denominator is smaller, and the scale with small denominator is larger;

C, the large-scale performance range is small and the content is detailed; Small scale, large scope and short content.

(2) Direction: a. By pointing to the calibration direction: the pointing mark points to the north;

B, determine the direction with longitude and latitude lines: the longitude and latitude lines indicate the north-south direction, and the latitude lines indicate the east-west direction;

C. A map without lighthouse and latitude and longitude net: north, south, left and west, right and east.

2. Memorize some commonly used legend symbols.

3. Altitude: the vertical distance above the altitude of a place.

4. Relative height: the vertical distance between two places.

5. Contour: Points with equal altitude are connected into a line.

6, contour topographic map interpretation:

(1) steep slope judgment: contour lines are dense and the slope is steep; The contour lines are sparse and the slope is gentle.

(2) Interpretation of different parts of the mountain: a, the top of the mountain: the center of the closed contour line; B, ridgeline: the contour line protrudes to the lower part;

C. Valley: contour lines protrude to high places; D, saddle: between two mountain tops; E, steep cliff: contour lines overlap.

(3) Interpretation of several basic land landforms: A. Basin: high around and low in the middle.

B, mountainous area: high altitude and large ground fluctuation; C, hills: high altitude and large ground fluctuation;

D. Plateau: the edge is steep and the ground is flat; E. Plain: low altitude and flat ground.

7. The layered color topographic map can clearly see the height of the ground and the ups and downs of the seabed.

8. On the layered color topographic map: blue represents the ocean; Green means land; Yellow means mountains.

9. Topographic profile: It can show the ups and downs of the terrain more intuitively.

Chapter II Land and Sea

Section 1 Mainland and Ocean

1, 7 1% of the earth's surface is ocean, while land accounts for only 29%. Seven parts of the ocean and three parts of the land.

2. The land is mainly concentrated in the northern hemisphere, and the oceans are mostly distributed in the southern hemisphere.

3. Any two hemispheres of the earth with the same size have an ocean area larger than the land area.

4. The largest continent is Asia; The smallest continent is Oceania.

5. The largest ocean is the Pacific Ocean; The smallest ocean is the Arctic Ocean.

6. Greenland is the largest island in North America.

7. The equator spans the continents of Africa and South America.

8. The Panama Canal separates South America from North America; The Suez Canal separates Asia from Africa; The Bering Strait separates Asia from North America; The Danish Strait separates Europe from North America; The dividing line between Asia and Europe is the Ural Mountains, ural river, Caspian Sea, Caucasus Mountains, Black Sea and Turkish Strait.

Section II Route Change

1. The main reasons for the route change are: the change of the crust, the rise and fall of sea level and human activities (such as land reclamation).

2. The theory of continental drift was put forward by German scientist Wei Gena.

The earth's surface consists of six plates, which are constantly moving.

4. The basic movement modes between plates: stretching, breaking, stretching and collision and extrusion.

5. The crust at the plate boundary is active, with many volcanoes and earthquakes.

6. Two main volcanic seismic zones: Pacific Rim and Alps-Mediterranean-Himalaya.

7. The Red Sea between Asia and Africa is expanding. It is predicted that the Red Sea will become a new ocean in tens of millions of years.

8. The Mediterranean between Europe and Africa is shrinking. It is predicted that the Mediterranean will disappear in tens of millions of years.

9. The Himalayas were formed by the collision and extrusion of the Eurasian plate and the Indian Ocean plate.

Chapter 3-4 Summary of Seven Grade Geography Knowledge Points

Chapter III Weather and Climate

The first section changeable weather

1. Weather features: short time and frequent changes.

2. People often describe the weather with sunny rain, wind and rain, hot and cold.

3. When the sky is full of clouds, it is "cloudy"; When there are no clouds or few clouds in the sky, it is "sunny".

4. The wind direction is the direction of the wind; Wind power is the strength of the wind, and the score is 13. The greater the series, the stronger the wind.

5. Precipitation probability means the probability of precipitation.

6. On the satellite image: green indicates land; Blue represents the ocean; White indicates the cloud area. The whiter the cloud color, the thicker the cloud layer, and the place where the cloud layer is thick is generally a rainy area.

7. The air is fresh and the pollution index is low; The polluted air pollution index is very high.

Temperature and its distribution in the second quarter

1. Temperature annual range: the difference between the highest monthly average temperature and the lowest monthly average temperature in a year.

2, can draw a temperature curve.

3. On the same isotherm, the temperatures at all points are equal.

4. Temperature distribution: (1) Different latitudes: high temperature in low latitudes and low temperature in high latitudes;

(2) Same latitude area: the land temperature is high and the ocean temperature is low in summer; In winter, the land temperature is low and the ocean temperature is high;

(3) Mountainous area: The temperature decreases with the elevation. Every time the altitude rises 100 meters, the temperature drops by about 0.60C C.

5. Global annual average temperature distribution: From the equator to the poles, the temperature gradually decreases.

6. Factors affecting temperature distribution: latitude position, land and sea position and topography, etc.