Which of the four major satellite launch bases is located in Gansu?

1. Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center

Jilin-1 Launch

Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, also known as "Dongfeng Space City" (JSLC), is the center for China's scientific satellites, technology test satellites and launch vehicles. One of the launch test bases, it is affiliated to the General Armament Department of the Chinese People's Liberation Army. It is the earliest and largest comprehensive missile and satellite launch center in China and the only manned space launch site in China. Founded in 1958, it is located in Aerospace Town, Jinta County, Jiuquan City. The area has an inland and desert climate, flat terrain, sparsely populated areas, little rain throughout the year, and long daylight hours. There are about 300 days a year for launch tests.

The Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center is the earliest and largest satellite launch center in China. It is also a comprehensive launch site for various types of launch vehicles and sounding meteorological rockets. It has complete and reliable launch facilities and can launch relatively large satellites. Highly inclined medium and low orbit satellites. Here, 54 satellites, 10 Shenzhou spacecrafts, and 1 Tiangong Space Laboratory were successfully launched, and 10 astronauts were safely and smoothly sent into space; here, 34 generals miraculously emerged; here, there are three major space launches in the world One of the fields.

The attractions open to domestic tourists include: satellite launch site, command and control center, Long March 2 rocket, test center, Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center Field History Exhibition Hall, Revolutionary Martyrs Cemetery, Jiuquan Satellite Launch Base Dongfeng Reservoir , Ejina Desert Populus euphratica forest, etc. There is a two-star Dongfeng Hotel in the center for tourists to stay.

The "Jilin-1" satellite, developed and manufactured by Changguang Satellite Technology Co., Ltd., was successfully launched from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center on October 7, 2015, creating a historical precedent for commercial remote sensing satellites in China.

2. Xichang Satellite Launch Center

Xichang Satellite Launch Center (XSLC), also known as "Xichang Satellite City", is affiliated to the General Armament Department of the Chinese People's Liberation Army. It was founded in 1970 and completed in 1982. It was delivered in 2013. Since the launch of China's first communication satellite in January 1984, it has carried out 84 domestic and foreign satellite launches by the end of 2013, winning honors for the motherland. It is a space launch base mainly responsible for the launch of geosynchronous orbit satellites, and is responsible for experimental launches and application launches of communications, broadcasting, meteorological satellites, etc. It is the new spacecraft launch site with the largest scale, the most advanced equipment and technology, the largest number of satellite launch missions, and the ability to launch multiple types of satellites in China's opening up to the outside world. The launch center has systems for test launch, command and control, tracking and measurement, communications, meteorology, and technical service support. The two launch stations and supporting facilities such as the technical test center and the command and control center in the launch site area can undertake and complete various types of domestic and foreign satellite launch services.

The Xichang Satellite Launch Center is located in Sichuan Province. It has the superior conditions of a "natural launch site": first, it has a low latitude (28.2 degrees north latitude), a high altitude (1500 meters), and a good launch inclination. The distance between the ground and the air is short. The lower the latitude, 28°14′42.72'' north latitude and 102°01′39.95'' east longitude, the closer it is to the equator. This can not only make full use of the centrifugal force of the earth's rotation, but also shorten the distance from the ground to the satellite orbit. distance, thereby increasing the rocket's payload. Second, the canyon has good terrain, solid geological structure, and an altitude of 1,857 meters, which is conducive to the overall layout of the launch site, and is conducive to the layout of ground launch facilities, technical equipment, tracking and measurement, and communication networks, and can meet the construction of multiple launch sites. Third, the weather is fine and the "launch window" is good. With an average annual temperature of 18°C, it is one of the areas with the least climate change in the country, with up to 320 days of sunshine, almost no fog, and a long test cycle and allowed launch time.

The best launch season here is from October to May of the following year. It is also the only space base in my country that launches geosynchronous satellites.

3. Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center

Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center (TSLC) is located in the plateau area of ??Kelan County, Xinzhou City, Shanxi Province. It is located in the temperate zone, about 1,500 meters above sea level, adjacent to the Luya Mountain Scenic Area. One of the launch test bases for experimental satellites, application satellites and launch vehicles. The launch center has rocket and satellite test workshops, equipment processing rooms, launch operation facilities, flight tracking and safety control facilities. Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center has the capabilities of multi-direction, multi-orbit, long-range and high-precision measurement, and is responsible for the launch missions of various types of medium and low-orbit satellites and launch vehicles such as sun-synchronous orbit meteorology, resources, communications, etc. The launch center was built in 1967. The winter here is long and there is no summer, spring and autumn are connected, the frost-free period is only 90 days, and the average temperature throughout the year is 5℃.

The Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center is mainly responsible for the launch of sun-synchronous orbit and polar orbit spacecraft. Since its establishment in 1967, the center’s scientific and technological personnel have aimed to build a world-class space launch site in Shanxi. On the Loess Plateau of northwest China, through self-reliance, pioneering and innovation, we vigorously carry out space launch technology research and testing, and have overcome a series of major space launch technology problems, and have now achieved more than 700 scientific and technological achievements.

The Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center has been built as a modern launch site with multiple functions, multiple launch modes, and integrating command and control, measurement and control communications, and comprehensive support systems. Its comprehensive space launch capabilities have ranged from one launch mission per year to Across the board, more than ten high-density rocket and satellite launch missions are carried out every year.

The center has previously successfully launched China's first sun-synchronous orbit meteorological satellite "Fengyun-1", the first China-Brazil Resource-1 satellite, the first marine resources survey satellite, etc., creating nine satellite launches in the history of China. one.

Four. Wenchang Satellite Launch Center

Wenchang Space Launch Center (WSLC) is located near Wenchang City, Hainan Province, China. It was formerly a test base for China's suborbital rocket launches. It was later approved by the State Council and the Central Military Commission to build China's first satellite launch center there. A coastal launch base. The construction project officially started on September 14, 2009.

The center will be used to launch the heavy-duty Long March 5 series rockets under development. The construction of a new space launch site is to adapt to the sustainable development strategy of my country's aerospace industry and meet the launch mission needs of a new generation of non-toxic and non-polluting launch vehicles and new spacecraft. As China's fourth satellite launch center, it is also the largest satellite launch base with the best launch conditions in the country. It is mainly responsible for the launch of geosynchronous orbit satellites, large-mass polar orbit satellites, large-tonnage space stations and deep space exploration satellites. . [4][7]

The construction of Hainan Space Launch Site is not a repetition and replica of the existing three major space launch sites such as Jiuquan, Taiyuan and Xichang, but an innovative development from a high starting point, which refers to the current world The most advanced design concepts and latest technologies in the aerospace field, including innovative elements such as informatization, intelligence, and environmental protection appeals, are integrated into the entire process of launch site design and construction, so as to ultimately build a launch site with strong comprehensive launch capabilities, safety, reliability, and It is a modern new space launch site with a high degree of informatization, eco-friendliness, and world-class status.

After the Hainan Space Launch Site is completed and put into use, the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center will continue to undertake the launch missions of returnable satellites and manned space projects. The Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center will still mainly undertake the launch missions of sun-synchronous orbit satellites. The launch center will mainly undertake emergency launch tasks and form a certain complementary relationship with the Hainan Space Launch Site.

At 20:00 on June 25, 2016, the Long March 7 carrier rocket newly developed by the China Manned Space Engineering Project for launching cargo spacecraft was ignited and lifted off at the Wenchang Space Launch Site in Hainan, about 603 seconds Later, the payload assembly was successfully separated from the rocket and entered an elliptical orbit with a perigee of 200 kilometers and an apogee of 394 kilometers. The first launch of the Long March 7 carrier rocket was a complete success.