Details of the poet Liu Changqing.

Liu Changqing (709 ~ 780) was a poet in the Tang Dynasty in China. Word study room. Xuancheng (now Anhui) was born in Luoyang (now Henan) and Wangjianjian (now Hebei). Good at five-character poems, Xuanzong Tianbao is a scholar. From Suzong to Germany, he served as the Imperial Adviser and the Taiwei of Changzhou County, was demoted to Nanba Taiwei of Lingnan, and then returned to Jiangsu and Zhejiang to live. The case was then transferred to the judge. After learning about the transshipment of Huaixi and Hubei and Henan, he was falsely demoted as Sima of Zhou Mu. In the second year of Jianzhong (78 1), he was appointed as the secretariat of Suizhou (now Hubei), known as Liu Suizhou. His life was bumpy, and there were some sentimental works, but it also reflected the desolate scene of the Central Plains after the Anshi Rebellion. For example, everyone in Muling Guanbei returned to Yuyang, tired soldiers, and built roads with new interests. The style is bleak and gloomy. Liu Changqing's poems are mainly composed of five words and seven words, especially five words. The five laws are concise and vague, and delicate in depth and density. For example, New Year's works such as Yueyang Tower Looking at Dongting Lake, Bijian Villa, Xi Huangfu, Shi Yu and Early Spring of Haiyan Officials. There are many beautiful sentences in the Seven Laws, such as "You can't see the drizzle and wet clothes, but you can't hear the idle flowers" (not to mention the poetry garden) "Can I follow your footsteps in the autumn grass, or only the setting sun passes through the bleak Woods?" (On passing Jia Yijia in Changsha). Five wonders, such as "Lotus Mountain Master in the Snow", "Moon in the River" and "Seeing the Spirit Master in the Car", are won by painting with simple techniques and full of charm. However, most of his poems are thin in content, narrow in realm, lack of change and have a sense of similarity in words. New Tang Shuyi Wen Zhi recorded its collection of books 10. The most popular is the Ming edition of Suizhou Poems by Tang and Liu (poem 10 volume, text 1 volume), and his poems are catalogued in Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty in five volumes.

When he was young, he studied in Songshan, and Xuanzong became a scholar in Tianbao. During Su Zongde's reign, he served as an imperial adviser and later as a prefect of Changzhou County. Because of the crime, he was demoted to a captain of Lingnan Nanba. When passing through Jiangxi, I returned poems with poets Li Bai and Li Jia. In the second year of Shangyuan (76 1), he returned from Nanba and lived in Jiangsu and Zhejiang. At this time, Jiangnan has just experienced the Zhan Liu Rebellion, and the originally prosperous Wu Jun area has become dilapidated and depressed. Liu Changqing has a poem about this: "Empty court guests come and go, so old people are different." ("Back to the Old Butler from Jiangxi") After five years of Dai Zongli (770), he was transferred and sentenced, knowing that Huaixi and Eyue were transferred to stay. Because of his strong personality, he offended Wu Zhongru, an observer of Hubei and Vietnam, was falsely accused of taking bribes, and was once again demoted to Sima (now Chun 'an, Zhejiang). During this period, I had extensive contacts with poets living in Zhejiang at that time, such as Li Jia, Huang Furan, Qin Bu, Zhang Ba Yuan and so on. In the second year of Dezong Jianzhong (78 1), he served as the secretariat of Suizhou (now Suixian County, Hubei Province). The world is called "Liu Suizhou". From the first year of Xingyuan (784) to Zhenyuan (785), Li Xilie, the envoy of Huaixi, became king and fought fiercely with the troops of the Tang Dynasty in Hubei. Liu Changqing left Suizhou at this time.

Liu Changqing was demoted twice, and suffered many wars while living in various places. Therefore, some of his sentimental life stories also reflect the desolate scene of the Central Plains after the An Shi Rebellion. For example, there are several old families left in the city after hundreds of battles ("Everyone in the north of Muling Pass belongs to Yuyang"), "Birds and birds in the city are empty, and the old road has moved" ("Judge Yuan of Henan Province was sent to Henan for activities, and the salary of hundreds of officials was filled with Miao tax"), and "Tired soldiers" and "What they did in Xinxi Road" and so on. , bleak and gloomy style, the content is as follows

Liu Changqing's poems are mainly composed of five words and seven words, especially five words, calling himself the "Great Wall of Five Words" (Quan Deyu's Preface to Qin School and Liu Suizhou's Songs). The five laws are concise and vague, and delicate in depth and density. For example, New Year's works Yueyang Tower Looking at Dongting Lake, An Interview with Bijian Mountain Villa in Hunan Province, Early Spring of Haiyan Officials, etc. , are exquisite works. There are many beautiful sentences in the Seven Laws, such as "You can't see the drizzle and wet clothes, but you can't hear the idle flowers" ("Don't talk about poetry garden"), "Can I follow your footsteps in the autumn grass and or in the bleak Woods where only the setting sun passes?" ("On Passing Jia Yijia in Changsha") has always talked about population. The quatrains such as "Lord of the Lotus Mountain in the Snow", "Jiang Yue" and "Farewell to the Master of the Car Spirit" are all won by sketching and full of charm. Zhang Jie-fang said, "Poetry in Suizhou cannot be as simple as Wei Suzhou, that is, it cannot be as successful as Wang Mo and Meng Haoran.". However, its brushwork is vigorous and its style is mature ... The purpose of the' Great Wall' has not been in vain. " However, most of his poems are thin in content, narrow in realm and lack of change, which easily makes people feel the same. Gao Zhongwu's "Miracle between Zhongxing" comments on his poems "about ten poems have been published, but their meanings are slightly the same, especially when they are punctuated, their thinking is sharp and narrow", which is roughly similar.

The new Tang Shuyi Wen Zhi records his book collection 10, which is the same as that of Zhai Jun Du Zhi and Zhizhai Shu Lu. According to the Book Collection of Rare Books, the poem 1 1 volume of Suizhou written by Tang and Liu was the Song version of Ming Dynasty, with the poem 1 volume and the text1volume. At present, Liu Suizhou Collection, that is, Ji Fu Series and Liu Suizhou Collection, that is, Four Books Series, are of this kind 1 1 volume. The Complete Poems of Tang Dynasty arranges his poems into five volumes. For deeds, see Chronicle of Tang Poetry and Talented Persons of Tang Dynasty.

Liu Changqing and Yan Shiyuan

"Wet clothes can't be seen in the drizzle, and idle flowers fall to the ground and listen to silence" is the couplet of Liu Changqing's Seven Laws "Don't Say a Poem". The whole poem is:

The spring breeze leans against the green city, and the water town is cold, cloudy and sunny in spring.

Drizzle wet clothes can't be seen, idle flowers fall to the ground and listen to silence.

Sailing alone on the sunset river, the grass is green in Wan Li, Hunan.

If the host asks every acquaintance, Qingpao has missed the Confucian scholars today.

Liu Changqing was an outstanding poet in the transition period from the prosperous Tang Dynasty to the middle Tang Dynasty. Liu Changqing's life has never been confirmed, and there is no biography about him in Old Tang Shu and New Tang Shu. Mr. Wen Yiduo thinks his birth year is 709 AD, Mr. Fu Xuancong thinks it is around 765, 438+00 or 725, and there are other opinions. The year of death is generally considered to be between 789 and 79 1 year; In other words, Liu Changqing experienced four dynasties: Xuanzong, Suzong, Daizong and Dezong.

Liu Changqing, a literary scholar, is also known as Liu Suizhou because of his official position in Suizhou. He was born in Luoyang. When I was young, I studied in Songshan and failed many times. It is said that in the 14th year of Kaiyuan (755), he may have been admitted to Jinshi, but the Anshi Rebellion broke out before the list was announced. The following year, Su Zong acceded to the throne, and Liu Changqing served as a county commandant in Changzhou County, a subordinate of Suzhou. Soon, he was wrongly imprisoned and released under an amnesty. In the third year of Germany (758), Hai Yanling was photographed in the first month, and in the spring of the first year of Shangyuan (760), he was demoted to a captain in Nanba, Panzhou (now Dianbai, Guangdong), and left the Soviet Union as Hongzhou to stand by. On the way to Hongzhou, I was idle and met the great poet Li Bai. "Whoever pities this, don't be sad, be happy and different, Wan Li Qingshan will send me away." ("Going to Nanba to Yugan to bid farewell to Li Twelve") Li Bai was pardoned and released on the way to exile Yelang, and will travel far over the ridge. In fact, Liu Changqing didn't work in Nanba in the end. In the autumn of the following year (76 1), he was ordered to return to Suzhou to accept the "re-push". After several years of ups and downs, my career finally failed. The Yuan Dynasty writer Xin's Biography of Talented Talents in Tang Dynasty said: "Changqing was the best in the world, quite vulgar, and just had a general trend, so when he moved, people knew his grievances."

The Complete Poems of Tang Dynasty in Qing Dynasty included 5 volumes, 499 topics and 509 poems by Liu Changqing, and more than 40 poems reunited with other authors. Liu Changqing is famous for writing landscape poems, and there are also some excellent poems about objects, frontier poems and epics. Poems describing the Anshi Rebellion and the scenes after Anshi Rebellion have the characteristics of the times, and works about talent and parting are mixed with scenes, with a sense of language and emotion. Liu Changqing is especially good at five-character poems, which account for about 70% of all poems. Almost every chapter of his five wonders can be recited, with exquisite conception and quiet and distant, such as "The Lord of Hibiscus Mountain in the Snowhouse": "The twilight mountain is far away, and the cold house is poor. Chai Men smells dogs barking and returns to people in the snowy night. "

Liu Changqing's seven laws were called the first in the middle Tang Dynasty. Shen Deqian, a A Qing poet, said in the volume of Tang Poetry 14: "From the seven laws to Suizhou, the work is also strange." For example, this song "Don't be harsh on Shi Yuan".

"He Lv City" is Suzhou, where He Lv, the king of Wu, built the city at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period. During the Tianbao period, Yan Shiyuan was a great scholar, once an official and a foreign minister, and the author returned to China with him. When he left, he sent a poem as a gift, which not only wrote his feelings, but also lamented his life experience. The first article wrote the time, place and weather environment of farewell, and the second article wrote the scenery. The drizzle wet my clothes, but I didn't notice. The flowers on the branches fell to the ground without a sound. At dusk, the river sails far away, and the green grass stretches across Wan Li in the south of Taihu Lake. "Hate is like spring grass, and it still exists." (Li Yu's Ci) Maybe a friend asked me about my situation, and his infinite feelings were beyond words. I'm a scholar. I've been begging for an official for several years, and my life is at stake. According to the dress code of the Tang Dynasty, officials with three products are purple, five products are princesses, six products are green, and eight products are green. Every product has positive, subordinate, upper, middle and lower points. The poet was demoted to the commander-in-chief of Nanba and just entered green gang.

There are four chapters in Dai Fan's Talks with Friends in Yunxi in the Tang Dynasty, to the effect that Song Yong's eyes are not good (or blind), and the scenery in the poem is as it is now ("A yellow bird can't bear to listen, but a green sun should look in the rain." ); Lu Lun is an official, but he wrote what he meant outside the party ("I wish I could know my last name far away and burn incense and wash dishes all my life." ); Master Qingjiang's poem describes the encounter between men and women ("only sorrow is more melancholy, and parting is in the bright future." ); And Liu Changqing's "drizzle and wet clothes are invisible, and idle flowers fall to the ground and listen to silence." The rain is wet, but flowers are falling. The so-called "Mr. Lu Wailun wrote a poem imitating a monk, a monk in Qingjiang wrote a poem about Qixi, Liu Suizhou wrote a poem with eyes but no eyes, and Song Yong wrote a poem with eyes and no eyes."

Major poems

The owner of Furong Mountain is in every snow.

Sunset in the distance,

The weather is cold and the house is poor.

Chai Men heard dogs barking,

The snowstorm came again at night.

New year's work

The arrival of the new year is more homesick, and the independent horizon can't help crying.

People who are exiled in old age rush ahead of me in spring.

The monkey came down from the mountain and pestered me.

I was tortured like a bodyguard, so when will this day come?

Brief analysis

The poet was once demoted to Nanbawei and was in a foreign land, but on the first day of the New Year's Day, he felt sad. Write first love, homesick for the New Year; Zhuan Xu wrote scenery and feelings, lamenting that spring came to me first; Bow tie is in a mood and sad in a lonely place; Lian finally borrowed Jia Yi's own situation to express his grief and indignation. The whole poem is more lyrical than the scenery, infinitely sorrowful and vividly on paper.

Look at Wang Nanxia

Facing a misty water surface, hands covered with tears are draped on towels.

Because the flying birds disappeared into space and crossed a desolate green hill.

But now, the long river, the lonely sail and the five lakes are shining with the light of spring in the sunset.

Along an island full of duckweeds, there will be peace of communication.

Comment and analysis

This is a poem about feelings of parting. The first pair of couplets writes about a friend's long trip, the poet says goodbye, tears touch the towel, and feelings jump from the paper; Writing about a friend's long journey is unpredictable, and there is only a clear sky in front of him. Trouble, endless; Write couplets for friends to travel far and reach the five lakes to watch the spring scenery; At the end of the couplet, I wrote about hanging out with my friends in Tingzhou and worrying about Bai Ping. Although there is no word "parting" in the whole poem, it only writes about other scenery, but it is full of parting, completely thrown into the scene, and achieves a situation of blending scenes.