The meaning of paragraph 3.4.5 in Understanding the Weather from Clouds.

17 Seeing the weather from the clouds

Text discussion

First, grasp the whole

This is a popular science article. The author introduces the relationship between clouds and weather from two aspects with vivid language: the relationship between different forms of clouds and weather; The relationship between different glorious clouds and weather.

the article first talks about the relationship between different forms of clouds and weather. The first paragraph is an overview, and the language is very distinctive. Always say: "The clouds in the sky are really changeable." Next, the author uses metaphor and parallelism to describe the myriad poses of the cloud very vividly, which can stimulate readers' imagination. To learn this language, teachers should make students familiar with it, savor the beauty of the language, imagine the wonderful changes of the blue sky and white clouds, and even let students imitate writing.

the next four paragraphs specifically introduce the relationship between cloud morphology and weather. The second paragraph is the outline of the next three paragraphs: thin clouds are often a symbol of sunny weather; Low and thick clouds are often a sign of rain and snow. (The teacher reminds the students to think: Why do you use "often" and "often" as restrictive words here? Is it ok? ) The last three paragraphs follow this "outline". This is the idea of the article. Teachers should guide students to clarify this idea. Clear your mind, and you won't be blind when reading articles.

it is also thoughtful to be specific to a paragraph. Paragraph 3 corresponds to "thin clouds" and "sunny" in paragraph 2. How many kinds of thin clouds are there? What are the characteristics of thin clouds? Thin clouds can be divided into cirrus clouds, cirrocumulus clouds, cumulus clouds and altocumulus clouds. They have their own characteristics and similarities. Teachers should guide students to find out their respective characteristics and similarities. This paragraph is divided into four layers, which is very clear. Teachers can let students write it themselves. The author's clear thinking is expressed by classifying other methods. The thin clouds are divided into four types, and they are introduced one by one in an orderly way, which is worth learning and learning from.

paragraphs 4 and 5 correspond to "thick" and "rainy and snowy" in paragraph 2, and the writing idea is the same as the above paragraphs. Starting from paragraph 6, the article turns to another meaning, that is, "the relationship between the brilliance of clouds and the weather." It should be said that "the brilliance of clouds" is covered by "the clouds in the sky are really changeable" in the first paragraph, but the difference is that paragraphs 3, 4 and 5 are explained from the perspective of the relationship between cloud morphology and weather, while paragraph 6 is changed from the perspective of the relationship between cloud brilliance and weather. Teachers should guide students to see the change of explanation angle and sum up their writing experience: they are good at explaining things from different angles. According to the different brilliance of clouds, the author divides clouds into four types: halo, brilliance, rainbow and chardonnay. The author also introduces the differences between them, which is a comparative explanation. The author also quoted a proverb, explaining that it has been tested by people's practice and is a summary of life experience. The level of this paragraph is also very clear. This can inspire students to sum up the characteristics of clear writing level in this paper.

The writing features of this article are as follows: 1. The level is clear, with an outline and a purpose; 2. Be able to grasp the characteristics of the cloud to explain; 3. Vivid language, using rhetorical devices such as metaphor, personification and parallelism to write the cloud vividly; 4. Use the explanation method of classification.

second, problem research

1. This is a popular science article. Should the teaching focus be on learning weather knowledge? Or on the study of expository writing? Or both? If we focus on the study of weather knowledge, it is easy to take geography lessons. We should focus on learning the reading rules of articles and grasp the characteristics of such articles. The study of weather knowledge can be carried out properly, and it is impossible not to learn at all. But the study of weather knowledge should be infiltrated into the training of reading.

2. It is difficult to understand the name of the cloud, which can be deepened by combining the color inserts in front of the textbook. For example, in the picture of "Cirrus Cloud", Cirrus Cloud is rolled up with a small hook. In addition, the cloud is viewed from the ground, not from the plane.

exercise instructions

read the text silently and complete the following two questions.

1. The most basic experience of knowing the weather from clouds is (in the original words of the text): _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Reference answer:

1. This question examines students' ability to grasp the central sentence. The central sentence is "thin clouds in the sky are often a symbol of sunny weather, and those low and thick clouds are often a sign of rainy snow." The idea of solving the problem is: this paper mainly introduces the relationship between clouds and weather. In the first paragraph, the clouds are described in vivid language, and the last sentence is summarized to point out the center. The following text is a concrete explanation of it.

2. There are many kinds of clouds, so it is difficult for students to master them. By designing tables, students can master the types of clouds and understand the text more clearly. The idea of solving this problem is to divide clouds into two categories: according to the shape of clouds, they can be divided into sunny clouds and rainy and snowy clouds; Then it is divided into four types according to the brilliance of clouds. The list is as follows:

Brief table of clear clouds

Morphological changes of cloud names, height and thickness, weather symptoms

Cirrus clouds are like feathers, like silk gauze, and the highest and thinnest scales are floating in the air.

cirrocumulus is like a water surface, and it is a cluster of cirrus clouds that are very high and thin without rain and snow.

Cumulus clouds appear like cotton balls in the morning. In the evening, it dissipates about 2, meters, and the sunshine is mild.

The cumulus clouds are like snow-white sheep on the grassland, oblate, and arranged neatly. It is about 2, meters, and it is thin and sunny.

Brief table of changes of rain, snow and hail clouds.

Cloud name

Change process

Shape

Location

Weather symptoms

cirrostratus

Cirrus clouds gather. Move forward like a white silk curtain covering the sky high

sunny to cloudy

high-level clouds

Cirrus clouds are getting thicker and thicker like frosted glass covering the sun low

It will rain and snow

nimbostratus

High-level clouds will become thicker, dark gray clouds will cover the sky lower

It will rain and snow continuously

Cumulonimbus clouds

Cumulonimbus clouds will rapidly form tall clouds and cover the sky more. Generation and distribution

Color

Weather symptom

Halo

It is generated on the cirrostratus and distributed around the sun and the moon. The infrared violet

The solar halo is rainy, and the noon wind of the lunar halo

Hua

is generated in the edge part of the cumulus cloud. The ultraviolet red

Hua ring changes from small to large and turns fine. From big to small, it turns to rainy

rainbow

After the rain clears, there are colored arcs on the cloud curtain opposite the sun

East rainbow thunders and West rainbow rains

Xia

In the morning and evening, the sun shines on the clouds opposite, and the clouds turn red

The morning glow does not go out, and the sunset glow travels thousands of miles

2 Some things are difficult to describe, for example. Make sentences according to the following example.

Example: Clouds in the sky ... like mountains, like rivers, like lions, like galloping horses ...

Sentence making:

1. The night is four, the surrounding mountains, ...

2. Neon lights are on in the distance, ...

This question aims to test students' mastery of figurative sentences (still in form)

Reference answer:

1. The night is four-in-one, and the surrounding mountains are like humps, gates, reclining buddhas and long snakes ...

2. The neon lights in the distance are on, like eyes, like meteors, like colored silks, like Changhong, ...

The answer to this question mainly depends on imagination and association. Starting from the shape, both static and dynamic are considered.

3 choose one of the following two questions to carry out the activity.

1. From now on, take a time every day, practice reading the clouds to know the weather, judge the weather on the same day or the next day, and release the weather forecast in turn to see who can predict it accurately.

2. There are many proverbs about the weather among the people. Please collect some after class (you can consult the information or consult the experienced elders) and accumulate them by classification.

This question examines students' practical ability. The answer is abbreviated.

Teaching suggestions

First, review and consolidate the rhetorical device of metaphor and accumulate metaphorical sentences in the text.

Second, it is suggested that teachers use multimedia to let students watch pictures of clouds and strengthen their perceptual knowledge.

Third, teachers should not talk too much, mainly through students' reading, discussion and teachers' answering questions.

Fourth, combine "relevant materials" to teach students some proverbs about the weather and apply them in life.

related information

1. Some proverbs about knowing the weather by looking at clouds

For thousands of years, working people in our country have summed up rich experiences of "knowing the weather by looking at clouds" according to the changes in the shape, direction, moving speed, thickness and color of clouds in production practice, and compiled these experiences into proverbs. Here, we summarize these proverbs about "knowing the weather by looking at the clouds", and interested friends may wish to pay attention to some observation and comparison.

"The sky is hooked with hook clouds, and the ground is raining": Hook clouds are called hook clouds in meteorology, which generally appear in front of warm fronts and low pressure. The appearance of hook clouds indicates that the front or low pressure is coming, which is a harbinger of rain. However, after rain or winter, there will be sunny days or frost, so there are proverbs that "the hook cloud dissipates, and the sunny days are dry" and "the winter hook cloud dries up".

"battery cloud, raining": battery cloud refers to fort-shaped altocumulus or fort-shaped stratocumulus, which mostly appears in front of the trough of low pressure, indicating that the air is unstable, and thunderstorms usually come every 8-1 hours.

"Clouds cross clouds, and it's raining": Clouds cross clouds means that the moving directions of the upper and lower clouds are inconsistent, that is to say, the wind direction of the clouds is inconsistent, which often occurs near the front or low pressure, so it indicates rain, and sometimes the wind direction of the clouds is opposite to that of the ground, so there is a saying that "the sky will change if the clouds travel against the wind".

"The river pigs cross the river, and it rains cats and dogs": The river pigs refer to the broken rain clouds under nimbostratus. The appearance of such clouds indicates that there is plenty of water vapor in nimbostratus, and heavy rain is coming. Sometimes broken rain clouds are blown by strong winds to cloudless places on sunny days, and at night, clouds like river pigs are seen floating across the "Galaxy", which is also a harbinger of rain.

"Cotton cloud, rain is coming": Cotton cloud refers to flocculent high cumulonimbus, which indicates that the middle atmosphere is very unstable. If there is enough water vapor in the air and there is upward movement, cumulonimbus clouds will form and thunderstorms will come.

"Gray cloth hangs in the sky, and the rain will be continuous": The gray cloth cloud refers to nimbostratus, which is mostly formed by the thickening and metamorphosis of high-level clouds, with a large and thick range, and sufficient water vapor in the clouds, which often produces continuous precipitation.

"The clouds go east, and cars and horses pass through; The clouds go south, and the water rises; Clouds to the west, covered with hemp fiber; Clouds go north, which is good for drying wheat ":according to the moving direction of clouds, it is predicted that it will be sunny, and the clouds move east and north, which indicates that the weather will be fine;" The clouds move west and south, which indicates that rain will come. The moving direction of a cloud generally indicates the wind direction at its height. This proverb describes the distribution of clouds in different parts of a low pressure. It is suitable for low and fast moving clouds that are densely covered all day.

"Dark clouds catch the setting sun, but not today, but tomorrow": When the sun goes down, a wall-like dark cloud rises under the western horizon to catch the sun, indicating that the dark clouds are moving eastward, and the rainy weather in the west is moving and it is going to rain. Generally speaking, if there is a cloud, it will rain that night; If you catch high clouds, it will rain the next day. But if the dark clouds in the west are blocky or disconnected, or the local area is cloudy, it is not a sign of rain in the future.

"The sky in the northwest is unlocked, and the sun is bright in the Ming Dynasty": it means that on rainy days, the clouds in the northwest split, exposing a blue sky, which is called "the sky is unlocked". This shows that the local area is already at the back of the rainy weather system. As the rainy system moves eastward, the local area will stop the rain and the weather will improve.

"The sun appears now and we don't see each other for three days": it means that in spring and summer, at noon on rainy days, the clouds split and the sun appeared, but the clouds quickly gathered and thickened, which indicates that the local area is under the influence of the quasi-static front, and the air flow near the quasi-static front is strong and changeable. When the updraft is strengthened, the clouds become thicker and the rainfall increases; When the updraft weakens, the clouds become thinner and the rainfall decreases or stops; Around noon, the sun shines strongly, the upper part of the cloud is heated and evaporated, or the updraft below the cloud is weakened, and the cloud at the zenith will crack. As the sun's radiation weakens, or the updraft under the clouds strengthens, the split clouds gather again and become thicker. Therefore, "the sun appears now" often indicates that it will continue to rain. This proverb is similar to other proverbs, such as "the sun laughs, the temple is drenched" and "one light shines, the next ten feet".

"Carp spot in the sky, you don't need to turn over the grain tomorrow." (Tile cloud, sunburn people): Carp spot refers to altocumulus translucidus, and the air mass that produces this cloud is stable. At night, when it meets downward flow, the cloud quickly dissipates, and the next day will be sunny. However, if the cloud looks like a tiny fish scale, it is cirrocumulus. This kind of cloud mostly occurs in front of a trough of low pressure or around a typhoon, and it will be windy or rainy in the near future. Therefore, there is a proverb that "it's windy even if it doesn't rain".

"The clouds are heading east, and there is a gust of wind; Clouds go west, covered with hemp fiber ":The cloud referred to here is the low cloud in the low-pressure area. The low pressure is from west to east (in fact, it often moves from southwest to northeast). The cloud is heading west, indicating that the place is in front of the low pressure, and it will rain locally because of the low pressure; The cloud is moving eastward, indicating that the low pressure has moved over the local area, and the local area is behind the low pressure. The weather is about to clear up, and there is often a gust of wind before it clears up.

"Where the cloud hook goes, where the wind comes from": Cloud hook refers to the tail of the hooked cloud, which appears in the sky, sometimes with small hooks at the top, or arranged in rows. The upper hook refers to the direction of the high-altitude wind, which is often connected with the ground, so the direction of the cloud hook can generally tell the direction of the wind.

"The morning is covered with dark clouds, and the wind will come even if there is no rain": it means that there are dark clouds covering the sun in the southeast in the morning, which indicates rain. Because the warm and humid southeast wind blows in the morning, the temperature is higher than that of the local air, resulting in upper cooling and lower heating, and the water vapor is easy to rise into clouds. In addition, during the day, the ground is heated, and the air convection rises, which further urges the clouds to rise, and the water vapor becomes water droplets when it is cold, which may make the weather become rainy in NO FENG フウカ.

"Huang Yun is turning up and down, and it is going to lay ice eggs": Huang Yun is mostly caused by the strong rise of warm and humid air, which often causes showers and hail.

"When the mountain wears a hat, it will rain heavily": When the mountain wears a hat, it means that the air pressure is low, and the water vapor in the air mostly forms clouds at the top of the mountain. As for whether it will rain, it generally depends on the situation. If the clouds gradually decrease and thicken, the possibility of rain is high. On the contrary, if the clouds gradually rise and thin, the possibility of rain is small.

"Clouds eat under fog, and fog eats clouds and clears up": Clouds come after seeing fog, and maybe a low pressure is coming, which is a sign of rain. On the contrary, if the cloud clears, it means that the low pressure has passed and the sunny weather is coming.

"Sunset shoots at the foot, and the rain falls within three days": it means that the sun shines down from the gap in the clouds, which is called "the sun shoots at the foot", and it appears in the evening, indicating strong convection and indicating rain.

"Don't go out in the morning, but travel thousands of miles in the evening": there are no clouds in the east and clouds in the west in the morning. Sunlight shines on the clouds and scatters rosy clouds, indicating that there is plenty of water vapor in the air or a rainy system moves in, and the air is generally unstable during the day, so the weather will turn rainy; If there is a sunset glow in the evening, it shows that the sky in the west has cleared up.