What is the highest mountain in China?

The highest mountain in China is Mount Everest.

Mount Qomolangma is the main peak of the Himalayas, located on the border between China and Nepal, with the northern slope on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China and the southern slope in Nepal. In Tibetan, "Everest" means goddess, and "Langma" means third. Because there are four peaks near Mount Qomolangma, and Mount Qomolangma ranks third, it is called Mount Qomolangma.

Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world. According to a survey conducted by the State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping of China in 2005, the height of the rock surface is 8844.43 meters, while the traditional snow height in Nepal is 8848 meters (29029 feet). Since 2065,438+00, the two countries have officially recognized each other's survey data. Besides being the highest mountain, it is also the fifth farthest from the center of the earth.

Geographical features

geographical environment

Mount Everest lies on the border between China and Nepal. Its northern slope is on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its southern slope is in Nepal. Mount Everest is 8844.43 meters above sea level, which is the main peak of the Himalayas and the highest mountain in the world. In Tibetan, "Everest" means goddess, and "Langma" means third. Because there are four peaks near Mount Qomolangma, and Mount Qomolangma ranks third, it is called Mount Qomolangma. Mount Everest is in the shape of a huge pyramid. It is magnificent, the terrain is extremely steep and the environment is very complicated. Snow line height: 5800 ~ 6200m on the north slope and 5500 ~ 6 100m on the south slope. There are three steep walls (north wall, east wall and southwest wall) between the northeast ridge, southeast ridge and Xishan ridge, and 548 continental glaciers are distributed between these ridges and cliffs, with a total area of1457.07km2 and an average thickness of 7,260m. The replenishment of glaciers is mainly formed by the snow metamorphism in the two major precipitation zones of the Indian Ocean monsoon belt. There are various, magnificent and rare ice towers on the glacier, ice cliffs as high as tens of meters, light and dark ice cracks with traps step by step, and dangerous ice collapse areas.

Mount Everest is not only magnificent, but also magnificent. There are many peaks and mountains within 20 kilometers around it. There are more than 40 peaks above 7000 meters above sea level. The famous ones are Luozi Peak (8516m above sea level, the fourth highest peak in the world) and Zhuoqiong Peak (7589m above sea level), Makaru Peak in the southeast (8463m above sea level, the fifth highest peak in the world), Zhang Zifeng in the north (7543m above sea level) and Nuz Peak in the west. On the periphery of these giant peaks, there are some world-class peaks far away: in the southeast, there is Zhangjiafeng, the third highest dry city in the world (8585 meters above sea level, the boundary peak between Nepal and India); In the west, there are Feng Kang at an altitude of 7998m, Zhuooyou Peak at an altitude of 820 1 m and Xixiabangma Peak at an altitude of 8012m. It has formed a magnificent scene of peaks reaching the DPRK and peaks surging. The National Geographic Society of the United States conducted a latest survey of Mount Everest in 1999 by using the Global Positioning System (GPS). They think that the elevation of Mount Everest should be 8850 meters. The altitude of Mount Everest, once recognized by all countries in the world, was determined by the China People's Mountaineering Team in 1975, with an altitude of 8848.438+03 meters. However, the outside world also has a variety of sayings such as 8848 meters, 8840 meters, 8850 meters and 8882 meters. On May 22nd, 2005, the people of China and the National Everest Height Measuring Team successfully climbed Mount Everest, and the height of Mount Everest was accurately measured again. The new height of Mount Everest is 8844.43 meters, and the peak is located in China. At the same time, stop the data of 1975 8848. 13m.

Geological evolution

The Himalayan region where Mount Everest is located used to be an ocean. In the long geological age, a large number of gravels and sediments washed down from the land accumulated in the Himalayan region, forming a marine sedimentary rock layer with a thickness of more than 30 thousand meters. Later, due to the strong orogeny, the Himalayan region was squeezed and lifted violently. According to estimates, the average increase is 20-30 meters per 1 10,000 years. Up to now, the Himalayan region is still rising, rising by 7 cm every 100 years.

With the passage of time, the height of Mount Everest will change constantly because of the movement of geographical plates. Interestingly, although Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world, its summit is not the farthest point from the center of the earth. This special point belongs to Chimborazo Mountain in South America. It is known that the highest peak of the solar system is Mount Olympus at an altitude of 27,000 meters on Mars. The majestic image of Mount Everest has always had a great influence in the local area and even in the world.

geographical position

Located in the middle part of the Himalayas at the junction of Xizang Autonomous Region, China and the Kingdom of Nepal, it is 27 59'15.85 "north latitude and 86 55' 39.51"east longitude, with the northern slope in Dingri County, Xizang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China (PRC) and the southern slope in the Kingdom of Nepal.

The origin of the name

Tibetan "Job-Morang"

-Mary "means" Mother Earth ". In Tibetan, Jo-mo "Mount Everest" means goddess, while Gland-Ma "Gland-Ma" should be understood as female elephant (in Tibetan, Gland-Ma has two meanings: Yanagi Takayama and female elephant). According to myth, Mount Qomolangma is the palace where Ring Gaga lived. However, there is another English expression that appears many times in middle school textbooks, that is, Mount Everest or Mount Everest. In the west, this mountain peak is usually called Mount Everest to commemorate George Everest, the director of the Indian Survey Bureau, who was in charge of surveying the Himalayas when Britain occupied Nepal. Nepal's name is Sagarmatha, which means "Goddess of the Sky". This name was coined by the Nepalese government in the 1960s. Because the Nepalese people did not name the mountain before, the government did not choose to use transliteration for political reasons.

The lotus posthumous work unearthed in 1258 was named "Lachi", and Sangji, a monk of the Kagyu Sect, praised Mirariba Road as "the most snowy" in songji. 17 17 years, the surveyors of the Qing dynasty surveyed the panoramic view of the royal land in the area of Mount Everest. Mount Everest was named after "Everest Alin", which means "mountain" in Manchu. 1952 China government changed its name to Mount Everest. 1952 The Ministry of Internal Affairs and the General Administration of Publication of the Central People's Government of China notified that "Mount Qomolangma" was renamed "Mount Qomolangma".

In 2002, People's Daily published an article arguing that the English name "Mount Everest" used in the western world should be renamed as its Tibetan name "Mount Everest". The newspaper said that 280 years before the English name "Mount Everest" was used in the West, the symbol on the map of China was named "Mount Everest".

Taiwan Province Province has traditionally called this mountain "Mount Everest".

Climatic conditions

Mount Qomolangma is mountainous and has a unique geographical environment. The lowest temperature all the year round is MINUS 30-40 degrees Celsius. It doesn't snow all the year round in some places on the mountain, and glaciers, ice slopes and ice towers can be seen everywhere. The air at the summit is thin, and the oxygen content in the air is only a quarter of that in the eastern plain, and there are often seven or eight strong winds. Twelve strong winds are not uncommon. The wind blows snow, and the spray flies and fills the sky.

The climate of Mount Everest and its nearby peaks is complex and changeable, even in a day, it is often unpredictable, not to mention having sex all year round. Generally speaking, the rainy season is from early June to mid-September every year, and the strong southeast monsoon leads to frequent rainstorms, fog, ice and snow, and unpredictable. 165438+1From mid-October to mid-February of the following year, due to the strong cold current in the northwest, the lowest temperature can reach -50℃ and the average temperature is around -30℃. The maximum wind speed can reach 90 meters per second. Every year from the beginning of March to the end of May is the spring from windy season to rainy season, and from the beginning of September to the end of 10 is the autumn from rainy season to windy season. There may be better weather during this period, which is the best season for mountaineering. Because of the extremely cold climate, it is also called the roof of the world. According to the radiosonde data of heliostat weather station at the foot of Mount Everest, it is the coldest in February with an average temperature of -27. 1℃, and the hottest in August with an average temperature of-10.4℃ and an annual average temperature of-19.6℃.