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1853, the Crimean war lasted for nearly three years. Why is this war between Britain, France, Turkey and Russia? What was the cause of the Crimean war? What is the whole process like? What's the impact on the world?

In fact, no matter which war it is, it is driven by interests. The same is true of the Crimean war between Britain, France and Turkey against Russia. The cause is the expansion of Russia. As we all know, Russian czars have been fighting tirelessly for the sea. Although Peter the Great got the port of St. Petersburg, it was not far from the center of Europe, and it was easy to be blocked under any circumstances. Finally, he found the port of Crimea. However, this region is also the interest of Britain, France and Turkey. To this end, they fought against Russia together and fought here.

This seems simple, but in fact, the whole process of the Crimean war is also more complicated.

1865438+In September 2005, Russia, Prussia and Austria signed the holy alliance Treaty, which made it impossible for Russia to expand its territory to the west and had to turn to the Ottoman Empire. To this end, Tsar Nicholas I claimed more than once that the Ottoman Empire should not continue to exist. Trying to unite all parties to embezzle the Ottoman Empire, however, all countries knew Russia, including Britain, which had a good relationship with Russia at that time, and acted cautiously.

1829, through the eighth Russian-Turkish war, Russia won the right of free passage in the Black Sea and signed the Treaty of the Adriatic Sea Fort. However, Nicholas I took advantage of the first Turkish-Egyptian war in 183 1, and France sent troops to help Egypt win the war, and directly sent troops to participate in the war on the grounds of being invited to protect the Ottoman Empire. So the Ottoman Empire and Egypt had to agree to sit down and talk.

Therefore, Russia benefited a lot from the Ottoman Empire and signed the Unal-Iskelesi Treaty. However, the contents of the treaty were soon known to Britain and France, and they were very angry. 1839, at the instigation of Britain, the Ottoman Empire launched the second Turkey-Egypt War. After the defeat, the Ottoman Empire sent troops to intervene and instigated the signing of the Straits Convention, so that warships of any country were not allowed to pass through the Ottoman Strait. Let Russia's Uncal-Iskelesi Treaty become waste paper, so the contradiction between Britain and Russia began to intensify.

In fact, Britain knew for a long time that its relationship with Russia was unreliable, so it sought an alliance with France. For their own interests, the two countries decided to join hands to stop Russia's expansion. 1853, Russia sent vassals to Constantinople in the Ottoman Empire to participate in the negotiations. Because the demands of the princes were too harsh for the Ottoman Empire to accept, they turned to Britain and France.

In this way, in order to * * *, Britain, France and Turkey came together to limit Russia's expansion.

1War broke out in July, 853, and1/kloc-0 defeated the Russian Ottoman army in June. Replenishment was once difficult, and the Russian army faced the same problem. As it happens, the battlefield Otericha is not far from the Danube, so the Danube has become the target for both sides and the key to determining the outcome of the war. As a result, the battle of the Danube was fierce one after another. 165438+1At the end of October, the Russian Black Sea Fleet beat the Turkish wooden battleship out of the water, injuring seven search frigates and two light cruisers. At this time, the sailing fleet was eliminated and the steam-powered ship just appeared. When Britain and France learned that Turkey was defeated in the Danube Battle, they immediately ordered the army to sail into the Black Sea to protect the safety of Turkish transport ships.

As soon as Russia saw Britain and France supporting Turkey, it broke off diplomatic relations with Britain and France at 1854. But Britain still sent envoys to restore friendship with Russia. Nicholas I not only refused but also threatened Britain, and the holy alliance was on the verge of collapse. 1February 23rd, 854 and1March 29th, 9, British and French forces successively entered Turkey. At the same time, the two countries warned Russia that if they did not withdraw their troops before April 30, the two countries would join hands to confront each other.

1on April 5, 854, the British and French allied forces did not take their warnings seriously and issued a war statement against Russia. After intense preparations, the British and French allied forces destroyed the Russian naval base in one and a half months with new weapons and equipment, which made Russia face the biggest crisis after the war. At this time, holy alliance disintegrated, and the two countries declared neutrality and secretly formed an alliance, which made Russia, which hoped for holy alliance's support, very depressed and angry.

In this way, during the period from 1854 to 1855, Russia encountered the dilemma that the Ottoman Empire confronted the four-nation allied forces with one country, and finally lost. The Paris Peace Treaty was signed in February 1856. This is a rare fiasco in the history of Russian expansion and a great shame for Russia, but it can only be resigned to fate.

It was this Crimean war that caused Russia to be defeated, which was very different from previous wars. It is the first modern war in the world, with a wide and far-reaching influence.

This war is the first time in the world war to use the most advanced technologies such as new rifles, steam-powered warships, railways and wireless communications. Because of wireless communication, the base camp can grasp the battlefield situation in real time, and the photography technology at that time was just mature, which can be said to be a live broadcast war. The profession of war correspondent was first produced, and weather forecast was first applied to war. This war is an important stage in the history of the development of troops and weapons, military art and naval science, which has played a positive role in promoting the further development of modern weapons such as firearms and mines.

About 500,000 people died in this war, and the French suffered the most casualties, but most soldiers died not because of fighting, but because of hunger, lack of nutrition and poor medical conditions. At that time, there was a British female nurse named nightingale, who was called "the angel of Crimea" in the field hospital. She managed to improve the hygiene and medical conditions in the field hospital and saved many injured soldiers. After the war, she founded the first nursing school. In memory of the founder of modern nursing, on Nightingale's birthday, 5. 12 International Nurses' Day was held.

By the way, the historical evolution of Crimea. In fact, Crimea has always belonged to Ottoman Turkey. 1478- 1777, the Crimean khanate was a subordinate country of the Ottoman Empire, and was coveted by Russia because of its position as a seaport of the Black Sea and an ice-free port in the south. As a result, six wars broke out between Russia and Turkey, and Crimea was taken as its own in 1792 through the Yasi Treaty of Russia. From 19 18 to 1954, Crimea has always been owned by the Soviet Union. 199 1 After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Crimea became a part of Ukraine. 2065438+On March 6, 2004, due to the turbulent situation in Ukraine, the Crimean Parliament unanimously agreed to "leave Ukraine and enter Russia" through a referendum, but it was not universally recognized by the international community.