The cultivation techniques of osmanthus trees prefer humid and sunny environments to avoid water accumulation.

Osmanthus fragrans is one of the top ten traditional famous flowers in China. It is an excellent ornamental and practical garden tree species that integrates greening, beautification and fragrance. Osmanthus fragrans is necessary because it is clear and can overflow far away. So how are osmanthus trees cultivated? Is there any good way to practice? Please read with me with questions!

Cultivation methods of osmanthus trees (basic knowledge): the best breeding time;

Cutting: 1 annual spring shoots can be cut from early March to mid-April, which is the best cutting time; You can also choose semi-mature branches from late June to late August for heel cutting, but it needs high temperature and humidity control.

Grafting: Before and after Tomb-Sweeping Day.

Sowing: store the seeds in the sand after harvesting, and select the seeds in the sand before sowing in the next spring.

Layering: It should be finished before the spring buds germinate.

The most suitable soil for growth:

Osmanthus fragrans is not strict with the soil. Except alkaline soil and low-lying land or soil that is too sticky and poorly drained, it can generally grow, but slightly acidic sandy loam with deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil and good drainage is the most suitable.

Growth humidity requirements:

Osmanthus fragrans is relatively humid, and it is forbidden to accumulate water, but it also has certain drought resistance.

Optimum growth temperature:

Osmanthus fragrans can tolerate the lowest temperature of-13℃, and the optimum growth temperature is 15~28℃.

Optimum growth light:

Osmanthus fragrans prefers sunshine. In full light, its branches and leaves are lush and flowers are dense. In the shade, its branches and leaves are sparse and flowers are scarce.

Matters needing attention in osmanthus cultivation: fertilization:

Osmanthus fragrans likes fertilizer, so it is necessary to strengthen topdressing. Apply it every half month from April to May and every 7~ 10 day from June to July. Apply it for the last time in early August, so that osmanthus not only grows luxuriantly, but also blooms more and smells more fragrant. You can use rotten cake fertilizer, chicken, duck and pigeon manure, fish scale water, calcium superphosphate, bone meal, etc. Insufficient fertilization will result in fewer branches and flowers and no fragrance.

Water supply point:

The frequency of watering osmanthus depends on the weather and plant growth at that time. Generally, water is poured once every 2 to 3 days in spring; In summer, the temperature is high and the evaporation is large, which is in the stage of osmanthus development and flower bud differentiation. Water it once a day. In the first half of September, the pot soil needs to be kept moist, otherwise it is not easy to bloom. But in flowering period, don't water the flowers to prevent them from falling. Rainy days should be drained in time to prevent water from rotting roots. It is advisable to keep the water content of basin soil at about 50 {BF} at ordinary times. Before entering the house in winter, water it once. During the curing period, it should be watered once every 10 day, but the water temperature should be close to room temperature.

Pruning points:

Osmanthus fragrans has developed root system and strong germination. Mature osmanthus trees pump water slightly twice a year. Therefore, in order to make it flourish, it is necessary to maintain the physiological balance between reproductive growth and nutritional growth, and it is necessary to carry out appropriate shaping and pruning. After the Mid-Autumn Festival, all the long branches born in summer and autumn will be cut off, leaving strong spring branches, and then the weak branches, dense branches and pests will be cut off before the next spring germination. In this way, it is not only conducive to ventilation and light transmission, but also enables nutrients to be completely concentrated on spring branches and flower buds, creating a good prerequisite for autumn flowering and achieving the effect of "killing two birds with one stone".

Potted soil replacement:

Change the pots every 2 ~ 3 years, and replace them with new soil made of mountain mud, humus soil and sandy soil in the ratio of 5: 3: 2 or humus soil and sandy loam in half. Flower pots need large caliber.

Breeding point:

The propagation methods of osmanthus fragrans include sowing, cutting, grafting and layering. Cutting and grafting propagation are the most common in production.

1, cutting propagation

Simple technology, large reproduction, high speed, high survival rate and low cost. It is the most widely used propagation method for seedling producers and flower lovers.

Cutting time: 1 annual spring shoots can be cut from early March to mid-April, which is the best cutting time. You can also choose semi-mature branches from late June to late August for heel cutting, but it needs high temperature and humidity control.

Cutting and treatment: select strong, full and pest-free branches in the middle and upper part of the tree as cutting. Cut the branches into 10- 12 cm long, and remove the lower leaves, leaving only the upper 3-4 leaves. If possible, put the cuttings into GGR6 solution with a concentration of 50- 100 per million for 0.5- 1 hour, which is beneficial to the rooting of cuttings.

Preparation of soil insertion: the slightly acidic, loose, ventilated and water-retaining soil is used as the cutting substrate. Before cutting, use carbendazim, pentachloronitrobenzene and other drugs to disinfect the inserted soil.

Post-cutting management: mainly controlling temperature and humidity, which is the key to rooting and survival of cutting. The optimum rooting ground temperature is 25-28℃, and the optimum relative humidity should be kept above 85 {BF}. It can be controlled by shading, arching plastic shed, sprinkling water and ventilation. Secondly, we should pay attention to mildew prevention, because high temperature and high humidity are easy to produce mold, and carbendazim and thiophanate-methyl can be used alternately every week for spray sterilization. Grafting propagation has the advantages of rapid seedling formation, vigorous growth, early flowering and small variation, and is also one of the more commonly used methods.

Rootstock cultivation: L-2-year-old seedlings such as Ligustrum lucidum, Ligustrum lucidum and Fraxinus microphylla are used as rootstocks. Among them, Osmanthus fragrans grafted Ligustrum lucidum has a high survival rate and rapid initial growth, but the wound healing is not good, and it is easy to break when it is hit by strong wind or external force.

2. Grafting propagation

Grafting was carried out before and after Tomb-Sweeping Day. There are two methods commonly used in production, one is split grafting and the other is abdominal grafting. It is advisable to select fully lignified 1-2-year-old robust and disease-free branches from adult trees, remove leaves and keep petioles.

Splitting method: If splitting method is adopted, the rootstock should be cut off from the ground by 4-6 cm before grafting in spring. The thickness of the scion should match that of the rootstock, and the section of the scion should be smooth. The key to successful splitting is that the cambium of rootstock and scion should be aligned and tied tightly.

Abdominal grafting: If abdominal grafting is adopted, the rootstock is not broken, and the grafted buds are directly buried in the water of the rootstock, and then the rootstock is broken after successful grafting. No matter which method is used for grafting, it should be grafted with the ear as much as possible. When picking from other places, you must keep the cuttings fresh. It is best to choose sunny and windless weather for grafting. Pay attention to check the survival rate after grafting, and do a good job in patching, wiping buds, cutting rootstocks, removing binding bands, water and fertilizer management, pest control and so on.

3, sowing and breeding

Osmanthus fragrans can be planted and propagated in addition to cutting and grafting. However, because some varieties have no or few fruits, and the seedlings cultivated by sowing method have a long flowering time, which takes more than 10 years to blossom, and the variation is great, so seedling producers and family flower lovers rarely use this method. The seeds of osmanthus fragrans ripen in May.

Sowing can be divided into two stages after seed collection: first, inserting after harvest can reduce the process of seed storage, and some seeds will germinate and emerge in autumn. Its disadvantage is that it is difficult to manage the seedlings over winter and is vulnerable to freezing injury. Second, the seeds should be stored in the sand after collection, and the seeds should be selected from the sand before sowing in the next spring. Germination and emergence in April. The advantages of this method are: rapid growth of seedlings and low difficulty in seedling management.

When seeding seedlings, we should pay attention to prevent seedlings from dying and getting wet, strengthen water and fertilizer management, replant in time, intertillage and weed, and do a good job in shading, cooling, cold prevention and antifreeze.

4. Layered propagation

The layering time should be selected before the germination of spring buds. Because the branches of osmanthus fragrans are not easy to bend, the pressure method is generally not used, but only the high pressure method is used. When using high pressure method, select 2-3-year-old branches with strong growth potential on excellent mother plants, peel off a circle of cortex with a width of 0.3 cm on the branches, then coat GGR6 solution of one million parts per million 100 or NAA with the same dosage on the circle skin, and then fill plastic film with mountain mud, humus soil, moss, etc. And wrap the cut part, pour water on it, and then bind and fix the bag mouth. Always pay attention to observation and replenish water in time to keep the dressing moist. After cultivation in summer and autumn, new roots will grow. The next spring, cut off the branches with roots from the mother branches, untie the bandages, move the soil into the basin, water it, and maintain it in the shade. After a large number of new buds germinate, it will be fully illuminated.

Cultivation: 1 year-old osmanthus seedlings cultivated by planting and cutting. Because of their poor drought resistance, cold resistance and barren resistance, they are not suitable for immediate use as green seedlings. They should be transplanted in the nursery for 2-5 years, and then transplanted. Key points of cultivation management:

Soil preparation: select the slightly acidic sandy loam with sufficient light, deep soil layer, rich humus, strong permeability and convenient irrigation and drainage as the cultivation nursery. In the autumn and winter of the previous year, all the nurseries were reclaimed, and pits were dug according to the specifications of row spacing 1m× 1.5m (two years later, when the plants are long, thick and tall, every other plant will be planted, so that the row spacing becomes 2m× 1.5m), and the planting hole is 0.4m×0.4m×0.4m. ..

Apply 2-3 kg of farm manure (pig manure and cow dung) to each hole, and 0.5 kg of phosphate fertilizer as base fertilizer. Mix the base fertilizer with the surface loam and fill it in the pit. Fertilizer is easily absorbed by saplings after being eroded and fermented by winter snow and spring rain.

Transplanting: It is best to transplant when the sap has not yet flowed out or just flowed out, usually from early February to early March. When picking seedlings, leave as many roots as possible and do less harm to the roots. Sow as soon as possible after taking it. If you need to adjust seedlings from other places, pay attention to moisturizing to prevent seedlings from dehydration. After planting, the soil should be compacted and watered once to make the roots of seedlings closely connected with the soil.

Water and fertilizer management: after transplanting, if the nursery is flooded by heavy rain, ditch should be dug for drainage. In case of drought, use water to fight drought. In addition to applying sufficient base fertilizer, apply fertilizer three times a year, that is, in late March, apply 0. 1-0.3 kg of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer to each plant to promote its growth and bud more; In July, each plant was applied with 0. 1-0.3 kg of effective phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to improve its drought resistance; From June+10 in 5438, 2-3 kilograms of organic fertilizer (such as farmyard manure) was applied to each plant to improve the cold resistance and prepare for overwintering.

Pruning and shaping: Osmanthus fragrans has strong germination ability and has the characteristics of naturally forming shrubs. It is shot twice a year, in spring and autumn respectively. If it is not pruned and germinated in time, it is difficult to cultivate tall plants, and it is easy to form the phenomenon of dense upper branches and sparse lower branches. When pruning, except for those who are not good because of the growth of trees and branches, we should give priority to thinning branches, only properly thinning out the peripheral branches that are too dense, and cutting off the overgrown branches and pests and diseases to improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions of plants. Wipe off the sprouted branches at the base of the trunk in time to avoid consuming nutrients in the tree and disturbing the tree shape.

Loosening soil and weeding: intertillage and fertilize in spring and autumn to improve soil structure. Laying the foundation once before wintering and brushing the trunk white once can enhance the cold resistance. Weed 2-3 times a year to avoid the competition between weeds and seedlings for water, fertilizer and light.

Pest control:

Common diseases of Osmanthus fragrans include leaf spot, sooty blotch, algae spot, root rot and iron deficiency. When diseases are found, osmanthus fragrans can be moved outdoors for spraying control.

Leaf spot, sooty blotch and algae spot can be controlled by spraying 0.5 Bordeaux solution or 5 {BF} carbendazim 500~ 1000 times solution.

In the prevention and control of root rot, attention should be paid to keeping the soil loose and breathable, without water accumulation;

If root rot is caused by fungi, the roots can be watered with 200~300 times amobam solution.

The common pests of osmanthus fragrans include sawfly, whitefly, mite, white scale, yellow thorn moth and so on. Sawflies, whiteflies and mites can be sprayed with 40 {BF} dimethoate 1, 500 ~ 3000 times, except for white scale. In the first and second generation nymphs, it can be sprayed with 40 {BF} dimethoate 500 times.

Expand knowledge-the value of osmanthus fragrans: 1, ornamental value

Osmanthus fragrans is evergreen all year round, with lush foliage and blooming in autumn. Widely used in gardens, it is often used as a landscape tree, planted alone, opposite or in clusters. In the classical gardens of China, osmanthus flowers are often matched with buildings, mountains and rivers, and stone machines, and shrubs are planted near pavilions, terraces, buildings and pavilions. Old-style gardens are often planted relatively, which was called "double laurel in the court" or "double laurel leaves fragrance" in ancient times.

Osmanthus fragrans is resistant to harmful gases such as sulfur dioxide and hydrogen fluoride, and it is also a good greening flower in industrial and mining areas.

Commonly used in gardens, residential areas, gardens, schools, institutions, factories, hillsides, courtyards, roadsides and buildings. When it is in full bloom, bloom is full of branches, fragrant and high in ornamental value. It is an ideal tree species to beautify the courtyard.

2. Medicinal value

For osmanthus fragrans, the herbal medicine says, "Sweet and bitter, warm and nontoxic", which has a good effect on treating excessive phlegm, sneezing and coughing, intestinal wind and blood dysentery, hernia and other diseases.

1) Osmanthus fragrans has the functions of whitening skin, removing toxins from the body, moistening the intestines and relaxing bowels, relieving cough and resolving phlegm, preserving health and moistening the lungs;

2) osmanthus tea has the effect of warming yang. The efficacy and function of osmanthus tea have certain health-care and health-preserving effects on hypertension due to yang deficiency, such as dizziness, lumbago, chills and cold limbs, loose stool, long urination, pale tongue, white fur and thready pulse.

3) osmanthus tea can prevent and treat halitosis, blurred vision, urticaria, duodenal ulcer, stomach cold and stomachache.

4) The efficacy and function of osmanthus tea is helpful for people with bad stomach, which can warm the stomach, especially drinking osmanthus black tea, which can play a good role in warming the middle and dispelling cold, warming the stomach and relieving pain.

5) osmanthus tea has obvious soothing effect on the symptoms of thirst after drinking boiled water in winter.

6) osmanthus tea made by mixing tea with osmanthus fragrans has both the efficacy of tea and the efficacy of osmanthus fragrans itself.

7) At the same time, mixing osmanthus tea with other scented teas can achieve more health care effects. You might as well try.

3. Edible value

Osmanthus fragrans is widely loved in China. Osmanthus fragrans can be used to make many foods, such as Osmanthus Jelly and sweet-scented osmanthus candy. In addition, osmanthus can also soak in wine. In the south of China, old people pick them to dry and put them in pillows to rest their souls. I like to brew osmanthus wine, which tastes sweet and pleasant.