The Contribution of Zhu Kezhen's Historical Geography

Zhu Kezhen (1890.3.7-1974.2.7) was born in Dongguan Town, Shaoxing County, Zhejiang Province (now Shangyu District, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province). Academician of China Academy of Sciences, party member, producer of China, modern meteorologist, geographer and educator of China. I have compiled the relevant information here, hoping to help you.

The Contribution of Zhu Kezhen's Historical Geography

Zhu Kezhen (1890.3.7-1974.2.7) was born in Dongguan Town, Shaoxing County, Zhejiang Province (now Shangyu District, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province). Academician of China Academy of Sciences, party member, producer of China, modern meteorologist, geographer and educator of China. Founder of modern geography and meteorology in China.

1909, Zhu Kezhen was admitted to Tangshan Road Mining School (now Southwest Jiaotong University) to study civil engineering. 19 10 studied in the United States at public expense in Zhu Kezhen, and 19 18 received his doctorate from Harvard University. 1920 autumn, apply for Nanjing Normal University. 1934, Zhu Kezhen, Weng Cheng established the Chinese Geographical Society. 1936 served as president of Zhejiang university in April, lasting 13 years.

After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), he served as vice chairman of China Association for Science and Technology, chairman of China Meteorological Society, honorary chairman and chairman of China Geographical Society. He has a profound study on the formation, characteristics, zoning and changes of climate in China, as well as the history of geography and natural science. Zhu Kezhen is the founder of China phenology.

Major achievements

The founder of historical climatology

Zhu Kezhen is the founder of historical climatology, in which historical climate change is one of his greatest efforts and achievements, and enjoys a high reputation in the international scientific community. Zhu Kezhen's other great contribution to historical climatology is historical phenology. Zhu Kezhen has established more than 40 weather stations and more than 65,438+000 rainfall measuring stations in China. On the one hand, he attached importance to the observation and recording of phenology. From the day after 192 1 returned from studying abroad to the day before 1974 died, he observed and recorded phenology and weather every day. On the other hand, he collects historical phenological data extensively. The book Phenology, co-authored by him and Wan, is rich in historical phenological data and research, which is rare in other countries' phenological works.

The contribution of modern meteorological science

As the founder of modern meteorological science in China, Mr. Zhu Kezhen has been paying attention to and devoted his life to the study of climate change. His series of basic research on climate change is of great scientific significance to people's understanding of this major global issue today.

Contribution to historical seismology

Zhu Kezhen's contribution to historical seismology is mainly manifested in the Chronology of Earthquake Data in China and related research work organized by him and the Seismological Committee of China Academy of Sciences led by Li Siguang.

Contribution to the study of the history of natural science

Zhu Kezhen led the exploration of ancient scientific and technological achievements in China all his life, aiming at clarifying the outstanding contribution of the Chinese nation in the development of world science and technology, so as to stimulate national self-esteem and self-confidence; To study the scientific and cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries in history and promote the friendly relations between China and people all over the world. He himself has also studied and published many papers on astronomy, meteorology, geography and general history of science.

The contribution of "sustainable development"

As a pioneer of the thought of "sustainable development", Zhu Kezhen has always paid attention to China's population, resources and environment with a scientific eye. He not only attaches great importance to the relevant theoretical issues of sustainable development in academic theory, but also integrates knowledge with practice and devotes himself to the practice of economic and social development. Judging from the historical process of the formation of the world's sustainable development thought, his proposal marks that China scientists paid early and independent attention to and studied population, resources and environment issues, and became a scientific community in China.

Zhu Kezhen's educational achievements.

Zhu Kezhen clearly put forward that universities should cultivate leaders who take the world as their responsibility.

During the 13 years as the president of Zhejiang University in Zhu Kezhen, Zhejiang University has developed from 16 departments in three colleges of literature, science, engineering, agriculture, teachers, law and medicine to 25 departments (up to 30 departments at most) and 10 research institutes in seven colleges of literature, science, engineering and medicine. More than 3,500 students from Zhejiang University (such as Qian Renyuan, Cheng, Hu, Ye Duzheng, Gu Chaohao, etc. ) have become national senior professionals. In other words, almost all these talents later became the backbone of science education in New China.

In memory of President Zhu Kezhen, Zhu Kezhen College of Zhejiang University was established in May 2000.

Zhu Kezhen is one of the revisers of the same program of China People's Political Consultative Conference.

Zhu Kezhen developed the habit of keeping a diary when he was studying at Harvard University from 19 17. The diary mainly recorded various materials of meteorological research. Due to the war, only the diaries from 1936 to1February 6, 974, with a total of 38 years and 37 days, are preserved, which is of great value to the study of the modern history of science in China, especially to the China Academy of Sciences.

Zhu Kezhen wrote many works in his life. If you don't count his diary, his life's works are about 3 million words. Since 1966, he has hardly published any special academic papers. For eight years, his writing was almost only letters. This is his major literary work.

Character honor

From 65438 to 0956, he was elected as the director of the China Committee of the International Geophysical Year.

1960 was nominated as a foreign member of the geographical society of the Soviet Union.

1966 was awarded honorary academician of Romanian Academy of Sciences.

1967, which was included in the International Who's Who published in Britain.

On June 6th, 2008165438+1October 65438, he was selected as one of the "Top Ten Outstanding People in Science and Technology Communication in China".

social service

1949 Zhu Kezhen, former president of Zhejiang University, was admitted to the Kuomintang and elected as a member of the Central Committee of the Kuomintang in China.

After 1949, Zhu Kezhen held the post of 19, including vice president of China Academy of Sciences, chairman of China Meteorological Society, chairman of China Geographical Society, member of the first the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), member of the Culture and Education Committee of the Central People's Government, and vice chairman of China Science and Technology Society.

Ideological spirit

Zhu Kezhen's spirit of seeking truth.

When Zhu Kezhen was in Zhejiang University, he formed the "Zhu Kezhen Spirit", with "seeking truth" as the leading factor. "Seeking truth" is the pursuit of truth and loyalty to truth, which is the ideological core throughout Zhu Kezhen's life.

Zhu Kezhen spirit apart, is:

Public loyalty and perseverance, the patriotic spirit of the world;

Only ask right and wrong, regardless of the scientific spirit;

Not too much, the open spirit of all rivers;

Self-improvement and indomitable spirit of struggle.

"Only ask right and wrong, not interest"

Zhu Kezhen himself actively practices the spirit of seeking truth from facts: motto: meticulous.

Principle of being a man: in order to know the truth and overcome all difficulties, gamble a hundred lives.

Principles of life: erudition, questioning, careful thinking, discernment and faithful action.

Zhu Kezhen's Academic Thought

Geographical thought

1. Geography is a comprehensive science between natural science and humanities.

2. Geography studies the earth's surface, that is, it studies the occurrence, development and distribution of the earth's crust, as well as the mutual transformation and mutual restriction among its components.

3. Physical geography and human geography (economic geography) are two important branches of geography.

4. Geographers must have a certain understanding of all the contents of geography and have an in-depth study of a certain department.

China's rich historical materials are a treasure house for studying geography, so we should attach great importance to the study of historical natural geography.

6. The guiding ideology of studying geography is Marxism-Leninism, especially dialectics of nature.

Educational thought

The goal of President Zhu Kezhen's university education is not only to train many experts, such as engineers and doctors, but also to train "leaders who are loyal and firm, can take on great responsibilities, preside over the atmosphere and adjust the national luck".

Zhu Kezhen asked students: first, not only to study in the subject itself, but also to train how to train their own thoughts correctly; Second, the purpose of our life is to serve, not to enjoy.

Academic research attitude

Anyone doing a thing or studying a problem can be roughly divided into the following three steps:

First, use scientific methods to analyze and simplify the complex;

Second, plan with a fair attitude;

Third, resolutely implement it.

Zhu Kezhen's Political Thought

As a liberal intellectual studying in the United States, Zhu Kezhen was very dissatisfied with the actions of the Kuomintang, but he did not agree with the proposition of the * * * production party. As he said, "I'm not interested in political parties."

Zhu Kezhen's personality influence.

Educational influence

Zhu Kezhen reflected on Zhu Kezhen in his later years with two classic educational questions: "At school, you have to ask yourself two questions. First, what are you doing in Zhejiang University? Second, what kind of person will you be after graduation? "

President Zhu is strict with students and pays attention to the education of freshmen's outlook on life.

Since 1936, these two classic problems have influenced generations of Zhejiang University students. Every year, Zhejiang University freshmen will print these two questions on the university admission notice, and every year when graduates leave school, the school will also print these two questions on the graduation yearbook.

Zhu Kezhen's Academic Influence

As an outstanding geographer and geographer, Zhu Kezhen not only established the earliest geography department in China, but also trained a large number of geographical science professionals, and put forward creative opinions on many major geographical fields and problems. Most of his academic views are recognized by academic circles. Practice has proved that most of his academic viewpoints are correct.

Zhu Kezhen (1890.3.7-1974.2.7), also known as Shao Rong, was born in Dongguan Town, Shaoxing County, Zhejiang Province (now Dongguan Street, Shangyu District, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province). 1909 was admitted to Tangshan Road and Mining School (now Southwest Jiaotong University) to study civil engineering, ranking first in the class. 19 10 The Agricultural College of the University of Illinois, USA, studies abroad at public expense. 19 13 After graduating in the summer, he transferred to the Department of Geography of Harvard University to specialize in meteorology and obtained his doctorate. 192/kloc-0 established the first geography department in China in Nanjing Normal University, and from 1929 to 1936 served as the director of the Institute of Meteorology, Academia Sinica.

At the beginning of 1936, recommended by Chen Bulei, Chiang Kai-shek invited Zhu Kezhen to be the president of Zhejiang University. After consulting with Cai Yuanpei, Zhu Kezhen put forward three conditions to Chiang Kai-shek: first, financial resources must be continuously provided; Second, the headmaster has full power and is not subject to interference from the party and government; Third, the time limit is half a year.

In the literature and history materials collected in the provincial archives, Chen Xunci, a student in Zhu Kezhen, recorded that Zhu Kezhen hesitated after receiving the invitation. He hesitated for half a month after meeting Chiang Kai-shek on February 2 1, 1936. The main reason is that he was the director of the Institute of Meteorology and loved the research in the field of meteorology. If you become a principal, you will inevitably reduce the time for scientific research. In addition, he was not optimistic about the university education at that time.

His wife, Zhang Xia Soul, once said to students such as Chen Xunci, "Your teacher said that it is not easy for people who are politically chaotic and bookish to be good principals. And I said that it is precisely because the education situation is not good today that there should be more good people to hope for improvement. " Zhu Kezhen also mentioned in his diary that he decided to be the president out of the consideration of "revitalizing the cultural and educational undertakings in Zhejiang Province", and after taking office, he extended his term for students and schools many times, and finally worked in Zhejiang University for 13 years.