Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Weather forecast - Climatic characteristics of the Atlantic Ocean
Climatic characteristics of the Atlantic Ocean
The temperature distribution in the Atlantic Ocean is basically similar to that in the Pacific Ocean, extending along the latitude direction and decreasing from the equatorial region to the high latitude. The equatorial region has the highest temperature. The annual average temperature is 25-26℃, and the annual change of temperature is very small (generally not more than 3℃). Near 20 north latitude and 20 south latitude, the temperature in the hottest month is about 25℃, and that in Leng Yue is about 20℃. Near 40 north latitude, due to the influence of warm current, the temperature in the North Atlantic is higher than that in the South Atlantic, with the hottest month of 20℃, the South Atlantic is only 15℃, and Leng Yue is 13℃ and 10℃ respectively. Near 60 north latitude, the warming effect of the North Atlantic warm current is more obvious. The temperature in the hottest month is 10℃, while the temperature in the South Atlantic is 0℃, and the temperature in Leng Yue is 0℃ and-10℃ respectively, so the air in the North Atlantic is warmer than that in the South Atlantic. At the same time, due to the different effects of cold and warm air currents on the east and west coasts of the Atlantic Ocean, the temperature in the West Sea between 30 north and south latitudes is about 5℃ higher than that in the east. The temperature in the eastern part of the ocean north of latitude 30 is about 5- 10℃ higher than that in the west, while in the south of latitude 30, due to the narrowing of land and the widening of sea area, and the influence of west wind drift, the temperature difference between the eastern and western parts of the Atlantic Ocean is not obvious.
The climate in the Atlantic Ocean is very different from north to south, and there are also differences between east and west. The annual temperature is not high, which is below 1℃ in equatorial region, below 5℃ in subtropical region, below 10℃ in northern latitude and below 60℃ in southern latitude, only exceeding 25℃ in the northwest and southernmost part of the ocean. Northeastern trade winds prevail in the northern part of the Atlantic Ocean and southeast trade winds prevail in the southern part. The temperate zonal belt is located in the transition zone between cold and warm airflow and westerly belt, and the wind force is the largest. There are many storms between 40-60 degrees north and south latitude; From May to June, hurricanes often occur in the tropical areas of the northern hemisphere. The precipitation in the Atlantic Ocean is 500- 1000 mm at high latitudes, 1000- 1500 mm at mid latitudes,1000 mm from east to west in subtropical and tropical regions, and over 20000 mm in equatorial regions. The average sea surface temperature near the equator of the Atlantic Ocean is about 25-27℃, and it is colder in the east than in the west between 30 north and south latitude, but the opposite is true to the north of 30 north latitude. In the Atlantic Ocean, the summer ice floes in the southern hemisphere and the northern hemisphere can reach about 40 degrees north and south latitude respectively.
There is little change in the annual temperature in the Atlantic Ocean, and the annual temperature difference in the equatorial region is less than 65438 0℃. The subtropical zone is 5℃, the mid-latitude zone is 10℃, and only the northwest and extreme south exceed 20℃. The average temperature of seawater is 65438 07℃, which is slightly lower than that of the Pacific Ocean. However, the salinity is slightly higher than that in the Pacific Ocean, with an average of 35.4‰. In the North Atlantic, the subtropical high lies between north latitude 15-30, and the northeast trade wind lies in the south. The main westerlies lie between 40 and 60 degrees north latitude. In the South Atlantic, the tropical high pressure zone is located near 30 south latitude, and the prevailing westerly belt extends almost from 40 south latitude to Antarctica. In the Atlantic Ocean with a latitude of 5-20 from north to south, there are frequent hurricanes in July-10 every year. There is often sea fog along the coast of Newfoundland in summer; In winter, the Atlantic coast of Europe is foggy; The southwest coast of Africa is foggy all the year round. The Atlantic Ocean current forms a circulation in the north and south. The northern circulation consists of the North Equatorial Warm Current, the Gulf Warm Current and the Canary Cold Current. The southern circulation warms from the southern equator. Brazil Warm Current, west wind drift and Benjira Current. The Gulf Stream is the most powerful warm current in the Atlantic Ocean and plays an important role in regulating the climate in northwest Europe.
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