Number of satellites developed and launched by China

Since the successful launch of China's first "Dongfanghong" artificial earth satellite on April 24th, 1970, after 30 years of development, China's satellite development level and manufacturing technology have been continuously improved, and a variety of satellites have been successfully developed, forming different application satellite series, which has made China satellite shine brilliantly in space.

China has launched more than 50 satellites with Long March series launch vehicles, including 9 scientific and technological experimental satellites, 17 recoverable remote sensing satellites, 9 communication and broadcasting satellites, 2 meteorological satellites, 2 resource remote sensing satellites, 2 navigation and positioning satellites, 2 atmospheric density measuring balloon satellites and 10 foreign satellites. The successful launch of these satellites not only reflects the high-speed development level of China's science and technology, but also makes China enter the ranks of the world's space powers, and plays an extremely important role in promoting the country's economic development and social progress, as well as improving its international status.

Scientific and technological experimental satellite

Of the nine scientific and technological experimental satellites launched by China, the first eight were launched from Jiuquan Launch Center and the last one was launched from Xichang Launch Center. Among the nine satellites, Dongfanghong-1 and Shi Jian-1 were launched by the Long March-1 rocket. Three satellites, Technical Experimental Satellite No.1, Technical Experimental Satellite No.2 and Technical Experimental Satellite No.3, were sent into space by Storm No.1 carrier rocket. Then, Storm 1 successfully launched three other experimental satellites, namely, Practice II, Practice II A, Practice II B, and three satellites with one arrow. The ninth satellite is "Practice 4", which is a geosynchronous transfer orbit satellite launched by the Long March 3A carrier rocket. These nine satellites not only operate normally in space, but also make positive contributions to the development of new satellite technology and space physical exploration in China.

For example, China's first artificial earth satellite, after more than four years of development from the second half of 1965, completed the final assembly test and various space environment tests at the beginning of 1970. In order to let people all over the world directly see the invitation of the satellite to travel in space and hear its loud sound with naked eyes, the technical scheme adopted is as follows: after the satellite and the launch vehicle are separated into orbit, the last stage rocket will follow the satellite in space, and an "observation skirt" is specially added to this stage rocket to improve the brightness of the rocket; At the same time, the music generator and broadcasting system of Dongfanghong are installed in the satellite shell. In order to launch this satellite, the "Long March 1" three-stage launch vehicle was specially developed. The satellite launch site has also been rebuilt and expanded on the basis of the original missile launch test site, and many ground observation stations have been built all over the country. Although all this has been demonstrated and the necessary tests have been carried out in advance, whether it can be successful in the end remains to be tested by flight on April 24. The successful launch of the first artificial satellite has comprehensively tested and verified the effectiveness and coordination of the major systems of satellite, rocket, launch site and TT&C network. After the satellite was put into orbit, all systems on the satellite worked normally, reaching the requirements of "seeing, hearing and grasping". In a sense, this is also the first major achievement made by China's scientific and technological experimental satellite.

1On February 9, 1994, China's ninth scientific and technological experimental satellite, Shi Jian IV, was successfully launched on the Long March 3A carrier rocket, which was another significant achievement in the development of China's scientific and technological experimental satellite. The main purpose of "Practice 4" space exploration satellite is to measure the charged particle environment in near-earth space and study their influence on spacecraft. According to the distribution of charged particles in space, the satellite chose an ideal orbit with a perigee of 200 kilometers, an apogee of 36,000 kilometers and an inclination of 28 degrees. At perigee, the satellite is below the sideline of the radiation belt. As the satellite moves in the direction of high orbit, it will enter the radiation zone and pass through the region with the strongest radiation, and finally reach the region outside the outer edge of the radiation zone. In this way, the satellite can measure the complete profile of the radiation belt along the height about twice a day. In order to achieve the predetermined detection purpose, the satellite is equipped with six kinds of detection instruments, including high-energy electron detectors, high-energy proton and heavy ion detectors, plasma detectors, potential monitors and single event detectors. Due to the thoughtful instrument, the components of charged particles detected can be relatively complete, except electrons and protons, and there are heavy ions; The detected energy is also relatively wide, covering almost all the energy ranges that affect the spacecraft; While detecting the parameters of charged particles in the space environment, we can also monitor the influence of the environment on satellites.

The successful launch of "Practice 4" not only provides complete and mutually verifiable first-hand data for studying the interaction between charged particles in space and spacecraft. Moreover, we have a new understanding of the "radiation belt", "ionosphere", "plasma layer" and "solar wind" composed of charged particles filled with space and their influence on spacecraft, thus taking a gratifying step and finally reducing and eliminating their damage to spacecraft.

Returning remote sensing satellite

The 17 recoverable remote sensing satellites launched by China are all low-earth orbit satellites launched from Jiuquan base. In the 1970s, the Long March II rocket launched three satellites. Eight in the 1980s and 12 and 14 in the 1990s were sent into space by the Long March II C rocket. In the 1990s, the Long March II carrier rocket successfully launched three satellites: 13, 16 and 17. All the 16 satellites successfully returned to the scheduled landing area in Sichuan. Among them, 1992, 1994, 1996,165438+1October 4th, which returned to Earth, belong to the second generation recoverable satellites in China. The new remote sensor carried on the satellite has the international advanced level, the resolution reaches several meters, the remote sensing image is clear, the label is complete and the information is complete, so it is the first generation of recoverable satellite. The only pity is that the 15438+05 satellite launched by the Long March II C rocket did not return to the embrace of the motherland as scheduled. After wandering in the vast space for three and a half years, it fell into the South Atlantic on June1March, 1996 12.

The primary purpose of China's development of applied satellites is to break the monopoly of the world's space powers on space technology, serve the strategic policy, develop recoverable satellites and master the recycling technology, which has become an important task that China should give priority to. Therefore, as early as the 1960s, the CPC Central Committee approved in principle that recoverable reconnaissance satellites should be the focus of development. While developing the first satellite, the key technologies such as optical camera, infrared camera, special film and attitude control needed for reconnaissance satellite are all included in the pre-research plan. In the early 1970s, after China's first recoverable photographic reconnaissance satellite was officially included in the national plan, the central leading comrades paid special attention to the development of this satellite in the chaotic years of the Cultural Revolution. 1975165438+10 15, the recoverable satellite and the Long March II carrier rocket completed the technical position test at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, and then transferred to the launch position. 165438+1October 26th was launched on time, and the satellite accurately entered the scheduled orbit, with perigee altitude of 173km, apogee altitude of 483km and orbital inclination of 63 degrees. Not only did the orbit accuracy meet the design requirements, but the satellite returned safely according to the remote control instructions issued by the remote control station after flying 47 times in space. The joy of China's first attempt to return to the ground after the satellite launch. 1976 12 On the happy day when the Gang of Four was crushed, another recoverable satellite with improved design in China successfully completed the launch, reconnaissance and recovery tasks. 1978 10, China launched a recoverable satellite again and returned three days later.

1September 9, 982, China's newly developed practical recoverable satellite was successful. Since then, the recoverable satellite has entered a more practical stage. Throughout the 1980s, a * * * launched eight satellites, which were successful every time, making China one of the only three countries in the world that really mastered the technology of developing and launching recoverable satellites after the United States and the former Soviet Union. Not only created a historical record of 100% successful launch; Moreover, the quality and level of recoverable satellites are also improving year by year. With the acceleration of the commercialization of the space market, from August 1987, China's recoverable satellites began to enter the international market as a micro-motion test platform, and successively undertook the carrier tests of France, Germany and Sweden, which produced more and more important influence in the world.

1994 the first 16 recoverable satellite launched by China has achieved great results. China experts tried a new technology of all-attitude acquisition on the satellite, which made the satellite resume normal operation in any attitude and achieved satisfactory results. What is even more memorable is that 19961at 3: 20pm on October 20th, China's Long March II D carrier rocket successfully lifted the17th recoverable satellite from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, which was silent for two years. The satellite circled the earth for 239 times according to the predetermined orbit, with a journey of 15 days. Under the precise control of Xi 'an Satellite TT&C Center, it landed in central Sichuan accurately. This satellite not only created a new record of flying in space for 15 days, but also carried out a 17 class carrying test, which was unprecedented in the past. Among the 17 objects, there is a multifunctional biological incubator with a weight of 10 kg carried by the Chinese Academy of Sciences. There are many experimental devices in the incubator, among which a turtle smaller than an egg is specially placed for myocardial observation and pathological reaction experiments under weightlessness. Another experiment in the biological box is the growth and development experiment of nerve cells in cytology. Neurons are taken from the brain cells of a young mouse who just came into this world. There are also two kinds of plants in the biological box: one is the stone carving cypress (commonly known as asparagus) with anti-cancer effect; The other is a radish seedling that has grown to a height of 1 ~ 2 cm. The purpose of these two kinds of plant experiments is mainly to study their spatial change mechanism and other reactions under microgravity. In addition, experiments of aquatic organisms and microorganisms were carried out by using the biological box.

In the 17 on-board experiment, space breeding is a routine experiment, but it is very eye-catching. Since 1978, China has carried more than 400 varieties of seeds such as rice, wheat, vegetables, flowers and traditional Chinese medicine on recoverable satellites for many times, and conducted experiments in more than 70 units in more than 20 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions. It is proved that the seeds returned to the ground for breeding and trial planting after being treated in a unique space environment, which achieved good results and opened up a new way of scientific breeding.

17 recoverable satellite also undertakes many tasks such as land survey, resource exploration, geological and seismic survey, rural water conservancy construction, urban planning, scientific experiments and so on. Not only the new electronic technology was tested, but also six materials experiments with controllable temperature field were completed. One of them is that the metal material melts after being heated to 970 degrees Celsius in space, and its re-solidification phenomenon is observed under microgravity conditions, and satisfactory results are obtained. During the loading process, a number of material experiments and space experiments of lithium batteries were also carried out. As a satellite development unit, China Academy of Space Technology also missed this opportunity. Using on-board experiments, the high dynamic GPS autonomous navigation and positioning system is studied, and the first application test of optical disc in space is carried out, with fruitful results.

But the most exciting thing is that there are two most precious items in the recovery cabin of this satellite, one is the national flag of the people of China and the other is the regional flag of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. On the eve of Hong Kong's return to the motherland in 1997, China Aerospace Industry Corporation realized the "Five-Star Bauhinia Flying into Space" by using the 17 satellite, expressing the "astronaut's heart of boxing" to welcome Hong Kong's return to the motherland and the great cause of reunification of the motherland.

Communication broadcasting satellite

Of the nine communication and broadcasting satellites launched by China, the first seven were launched by the Long March III rocket from xichang satellite launch center. Except the first experimental satellite No.1 and the seventh practical communication satellite No.5 failed to enter the geosynchronous transfer orbit, another experimental communication satellite and five satellites, including practical communication satellite No.1, practical communication satellite No.2, practical communication satellite No.3 and practical communication satellite No.4, all entered the geostationary orbit with a height of 36,000 kilometers above the equator in turn as scheduled and were fixed in the east longitude respectively. The eighth and ninth communication satellites, both called "Dongfanghong III", were launched by the Long March 3A rocket from Xichang Launch Center. Unfortunately, the seventh communication satellite, Dongfanghong-3, which was launched on1October 30th, was launched for the first time. Because the attitude control engine on the satellite leaked oil, the fuel was exhausted ahead of schedule, which made the satellite unable to locate at the scheduled position.

Because modern satellite communication technology with satellite as relay station usually works in microwave frequency band, the communication capacity is large, and the communication mode is not easily affected by ionosphere, troposphere and meteorological conditions, nor is it limited by geographical conditions such as mountains, rivers, oceans and deserts. Satellite communication also has the advantages of long transmission distance, high transmission quality, low long-distance communication price and multiple access connection, so since the successful launch of China's first artificial satellite "Dongfanghong-1", China's communication departments are eager for their own experimental communication satellites to come out as soon as possible to change the backward state of China's communication technology. Therefore, as early as June 1970, China started the independent research on communication satellites and their launch vehicles.

1975 after June, the state set up a leading group for satellite communication engineering, and a technical coordination group was set up under the leading group to be responsible for the technical coordination of the whole project. After the overall scheme design and overall coordination of 1976, the specific scheme of geostationary orbit test communication satellite is established. At the beginning of 1977, after the prototype of the satellite subsystem was developed, relevant information was provided to the International Telecommunication Union. On March 8th of the same year, ITU officially announced the satellite communication project of China to the world, and Japanese, Indonesian and other countries coordinated with China one after another. In order to speed up the progress of the project, in September, 1977, the project was listed as one of the three key tasks of the space front. The development of satellites began to show a good momentum. After years of hard work and selfless fighting by the vast number of scientific and technological personnel, by 1983, the development of experimental communication satellites has come to an end.

On March 28th, 1984, the first experimental communication satellite developed by China arrived at the launching position. On the evening of April 8, the night began to cover the earth. I saw the silver-white mega launcher and the orange-red fire dragon gradually rising from the launcher and flying into the sky. 19: 40, the third stage of the launch vehicle accurately entered the orbit. After the satellite is separated from the launch vehicle, the satellite rotates to 37 rpm according to the predetermined procedure. The satellite flies well in the large elliptical transfer orbit. At 8: 47 on April 10, the ground issued a remote control command, ordering the satellite apogee engine to ignite, and the satellite entered the quasi-stationary orbit. On April/KOOC-0/6/KOOC-0/8: 27: 57, the satellite was successfully fixed above the equator of east longitude/KOOC-0/25 degrees. Since then, there has been a new star developed by China people over the vast universe, namely "Dongfanghong II" communication satellite, with a diameter of 2. 1 m, a total height of 3. 1 m and a weight of 46 1kg. The satellite is equipped with two transponders and uses C-band to provide telephone, television and broadcasting services. Since then, the research and application of China communication and broadcasting satellite has entered a new development stage. 1984, 1986, 1988, 1990, China successfully launched five geostationary orbit communication and broadcasting satellites. After several years of operation, it is proved that the satellite performance meets the design requirements. Since 1986, the first satellite communications have been opened in Beijing, Lhasa, Urumqi, Hohhot and Guangzhou. Subsequently, it provided services for CCTV and china national radio's programs, TV education and some local TV programs in Yunnan, Guizhou, Xinjiang and other provinces, which greatly improved!

National television coverage. In addition, communication satellites are also used as relay stations to carry out external broadcasting, providing digital, photo, text fax and data report transmission means for post and telecommunications, water conservancy and finance departments, making it a "multiplier" to improve the efficiency of national economic construction.

It is worth mentioning that, in theory, although there are as many as 120 orbital positions of geosynchronous orbit satellites, as far as a country is concerned, the truly available positions are very limited. China is ready to occupy and has occupied only a few positions near east longitude 100 degrees. Among them, the orbital position of east longitude 1 10.5 degrees has always been controversial between China and China, although this position has long been used by's "Dongfanghong -2A" satellite. In addition, experts believe that the position of 125 degrees occupied by China's first experimental communication satellite is particularly important for China, because the satellites fixed at this position cover the whole territory of China, especially the developed areas along the southeast coast of China, and can receive very good signals. However, according to the relevant regulations of ITU, China's right to use the east longitude 125 degrees will expire in June 1997 1 1. Before that, if China doesn't launch a new communication satellite to occupy it, there will be two very unfavorable results: either spending huge foreign exchange to buy it or renting a non-domestic satellite. Either hand it over and sit back and watch other countries seize this position. At this critical moment when the invisible war of radio waves is getting worse and worse, the "Dongfanghong-3" domestic communication, radio and television transmission satellite painstakingly developed by China 10 was launched from xichang satellite launch center on May 1997 with the red arrow carried by the "Long March 3A", and it was accurately positioned over the equator of east longitude 125 degrees.

Dongfanghong-3 satellite is equipped with 24 C-band transponders. Six medium-power repeaters are used for TV transmission, and 18 low-power repeaters are used for telephone, telegraph, fax, data transmission and other communication services. It can transmit 6 sets of color TV programs and 8 100 telephones continuously to the whole country at the same time, with a service life of 8 years, which can meet the requirements of receiving and transmitting TV, broadcasting and communication all over the country around 2000. The satellite is a box star structure, which consists of seven subsystems: structure, power supply, thermal control, measurement and control, attitude and orbit control, propulsion and communication. Solar panels are directional panels, with the maximum wing span of 18. 1 m and the maximum height of 5.71m. The whole satellite adopts advanced modular overall configuration scheme. Therefore, the successful development of "Dongfanghong-3" indicates the rapid development of communication satellite technology in China, which has created favorable conditions for China to squeeze into the highly competitive communication satellite market.

meteorological satellite

Understanding and mastering meteorology is one of the important conditions for human survival. It is closely related to the production, transportation and daily life of human society, and it is becoming more and more important. China has a vast territory, and there are many meteorological changes in various places. Due to the inconvenient transportation, in the past, only a limited number of ground meteorological observation stations built in various places were used to measure six local meteorological elements, such as wind speed, temperature, air pressure, rainfall, sunshine and temperature, and then these data were concentrated in the meteorological center (bureau) for comprehensive analysis and prediction through wired and wireless communication means. However, due to the influence of oceans, deserts, plateaus, mountains and islands, it is impossible to observe the weather conditions on a considerable part of the country. The data collected by the meteorological center at one time is limited, and the means of collecting, analyzing and processing data are relatively backward. It is difficult to predict the arrival of typhoons, rainstorms, cold currents and high temperatures in all parts of the country in time and accurately, and often due to the failure of preventive measures, undue losses of life and property are caused.

Since 1, 1, the United States launched the world's first meteorological satellite in April, 1960, the satellite has a bird's eye view of all parts of the world, and can obtain cloud image data of nearly 1 100 million square kilometers every half hour. It can not only measure and provide a wide range of quantitative remote sensing meteorological data, such as temperature, humidity, air pressure and wind force, but also is not limited by natural conditions, geographical environment and national boundaries. After the superiority of meteorological satellites over conventional meteorological observation methods was revealed, the voice of meteorologists in China demanding the development of their own meteorological satellites became louder and louder, and was formally included in the national plan with the strong support of the CPC Central Committee.

The first meteorological satellite developed by China is a polar-orbiting meteorological satellite named Fengyun-1. The main task is to obtain global meteorological data and send meteorological information to meteorological satellite ground stations around the world. At the same time, it also obtains marine information and serves the Marine Department. Fengyun-1 satellite is a hexahedron of1.4m×1.4x×11.2m. Six solar panels are symmetrically installed outside the star. After the panel is unfolded, the total length of the satellite is 8.6 meters. The satellite runs in sun-synchronous orbit, with an altitude of 90 1 km, an inclination of 99 degrees, a period of 102 minutes, and orbits the earth 14 times a day. A remarkable feature of the satellite structure is that it adopts a long-life three-axis attitude control system, so that the two visible and infrared scanning radiometers (with a scanning width of 3000 km) on the satellite are always aimed at the earth, the pointing accuracy to the earth is less than 65,438 0.0 degrees, and the resolution of the satellite point is 65,438 0.1km. 1On September 7th, 988, China successfully put Fengyun-1 into the scheduled orbit with cz-4 at Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center. Judging from the meteorological information sent back, experts believe that the image is clear, the texture is clear, the level is rich, and it is timely and accurate.

Following the successful launch of the first experimental meteorological satellite,1September 3, 990, China successfully launched another meteorological satellite from Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center with the Long March 4 rocket. Because the structure, orbit and function of this satellite are basically similar to those of the first satellite, it is called "Fengyun-1 B" meteorological satellite. When the satellite flew over China, Urumqi Meteorological Satellite Ground Station took the lead in transmitting the first satellite cloud image data reflecting the Asian region of the former Soviet Union to Beijing. People are excited to see from TV weather forecast programs that there are not only visible light cloud pictures, but also new infrared cloud pictures. Clouds, lakes, rivers and mountains are clearly distinguishable, which can be compared with satellite cloud pictures of advanced countries.

Following Fengyun-1, China began to develop Fengyun-2, the first geostationary meteorological satellite, on 1987. As a new meteorological satellite, its structure and performance are very different from Fengyun-1. Its shape is a cylinder with a diameter of 2. 1 m and a height of 1.6 m, with nearly 2000 solar cells attached to its surface, and its service life is about 3 years. Because the satellite is equipped with multi-channel scanning radiometer, S-band data transmission and cloud map transponder, the transponder index of UHF band data acquisition and weather map broadcasting reaches 100 domestic channels and 33 international channels; The equivalent total radiation power can be divided into three situations: original main map, widened cloud map and weather map, which have complete functions and need to solve a series of engineering problems.

At the beginning of 1994, after the satellite failed in the test, as the contractor of this task, it tackled the satellite quality problem in many aspects. Through close cooperation with relevant units, it made great efforts to ensure the quality, and finally ensured the quality reliability of this new star, which condensed the hard work of all personnel in China's space front for 10 years.

On June 1997 and 10, China successfully launched Fengyun-2 into geosynchronous transfer orbit from Xichang Launch Center by using the Long March-3 D carrier rocket, and the satellite was finally positioned at an altitude of 36,000 kilometers from the Earth's equator on June 17. Because Fengyun-2 has a wider field of vision, stronger functions and wider uses than Fengyun-1, it will provide users with broadened digital images, weather map faxes and various processed meteorological products after being put into operation, and will play an important role in natural disaster monitoring and climate change research. After China launched two meteorological satellites in sun-synchronous orbit at 1988 and 1990, it successfully sent a meteorological satellite into geostationary orbit at 1997, and sent back a clear cloud image, which can continuously monitor weather changes. This marks that the development and launch of China's meteorological satellites have entered the international advanced level. Since then, China meteorological satellite industry and satellite resource application ability have entered a new stage.

Contract international commercial satellite

Under the impact of the tide of reform and opening up, the decision-makers responsible for the development of China's space technology began to consider how China Aerospace could go abroad and enter the international market 1984.

1in may, 1985, China took the opportunity to attend the Geneva international aerospace business conference and formed a four-member delegation. When the head of the delegation gave a report on "The Possibility of China Providing Launch Services for the World" to the representatives of various countries in the world space industry at the meeting, people's faces were suddenly filled with expressions of surprise, followed by a commotion and a whisper. The next day, a French newspaper published a message with a question mark and an exclamation point. The title is: "China's fledgling space technology will participate in international competition! ? "

This is the first probe balloon released by China Aerospace to the world. In order to let more international manufacturers know about China's space technology level, in June of the same year, China participated in the international space technology exhibition held in Paris. Due to careful preparation, the China Aerospace Technology Exhibition made a big splash this time, which had an unexpected sensational effect. Then, 1985, 10/October 26th, China officially announced to the world on behalf of the Ministry of Space: "China launch vehicle has been put into the international market. Contracting foreign satellite launch business. " Since then, China Aerospace has opened the door closed for decades and decided to occupy a place in the world space market.

Maybe beauty is God's will. Only three months after China announced to the world that it would enter the international market, the American space shuttle Challenger exploded, killing everyone. Soon, in order to fill the gap left by the closure of the space shuttle, the "Hercules" and "Delta" launch vehicles quickly developed by the United States also crashed one after another. The launch of ESA's Ariane launch vehicle also failed. At this time, impatient western satellite companies began to look to China, thus creating unprecedented opportunities for China to enter the world satellite launch market.

1986 65438+ 10 In October, China and the Swedish National Space Corporation formally signed an agreement to launch a postal satellite for the company with China's Long March II C rocket. This is the earliest agreement between China and foreign countries to officially launch satellites.

1987 in August and September, China successfully launched and recovered two scientific exploration and technical test satellites. On the satellite launched in August, two microgravity experimental devices of Matra company in France were carried. This is the first time that China has used space technology to provide services to foreign users, marking the official entry of China into the international space market.

1September 1988, xichang satellite launch center officially opened to the outside world. Since then, the mystery of this deep mountain canyon has been unveiled, and tourists and visitors are constantly coming, and customers who contact the satellite launch mission are also coming one after another. 1April 7, 990, China Great Wall Industry Corporation was the general contractor, and China launched the "Asia-1" satellite from xichang satellite launch center by the Long March II D carrier rocket, which was fixed above the equator at 105.5 degrees east longitude. This American-made satellite was the most widely used and mature satellite of its kind in the world at that time, with a working life of 9.5 years. The successful launch of the "Asia 1" satellite has provided China with experience in launching international commercial satellites, and at the same time increased our confidence in entering the international market.

In order to fulfill the formal contract of 1 988165438+1October1,China and Houston Company of the United States used China's Long March II E to launch two "HS-60 1" satellites for Australian use, 65438+. When the milky white space dragon "Chang Er Bundle" shining and decorated with the national flags of the United States, China and China slowly rose from the launch pad at 7: 00 am on 14 and soared into the sky, the Australian space warriors who fought for it were relieved, elated and congratulated each other. 1On August 28th, 994, with the attention of the whole world, China sent the "Ossett B3" communication satellite developed for Australia by Hughes Company of the United States into space with the "Long March II E". The successful launch of Austar indicates that China has the ability to launch heavy-duty satellites, which is undoubtedly a great impetus for China to undertake international commercial satellites.

From April 1990 to June 10, China undertook the launch of 10 international commercial satellites respectively. They are the "Feullias Branch" scientific experimental satellite of Sweden, the Asia 1 and Asia-2 communication satellites of Asia Satellite Communication Co., Ltd., the Asia-Pacific 1 and Asia-Pacific 1A communication satellites of Asia Pacific Communication Satellite Co., Ltd. and the "Badal 1" scientific experimental satellite of Pakistan. In order to make China's space technology gain a firm foothold in the world market and participate in the world competition with high-quality, efficient and safe services. In recent years, China has modernized the equipment and facilities of various satellite launch sites, making the real-time launch command more modern, the data acquisition and processing capability significantly enhanced, the command display more accurate and intuitive, and the comprehensive launch capability has become a world-class level. This fully shows that China's space industry is moving towards the world step by step, and the fate of dominating the ups and downs in the highly competitive world satellite launch market has been firmly in our own hands.