Where is Guizhou? Where is Qin? Where is Yunnan?

Before the Song Dynasty, there was Juzhou, which was written as Guizhou because the local pronunciation was difficult to distinguish between "Gui" and "Ju", and it was officially named Guizhou in the early Yuan Dynasty. Ming set up Guizhou Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Clear Guizhou

Take the word "expensive" in the full name as the abbreviation. It is called "expensive" for short because there are expensive mountains in China.

In the northeast of the jurisdiction, Qin belongs to the middle county of Guizhou and Tang belongs to the middle road of Guizhou, so it is also called "Qian" for short. It is said that there are Qianling Mountain and Qianling River in the territory, so it is referred to as "Qian" for short.

General situation of Guizhou

I. Physical geography

Guizhou Province, referred to as "Guizhou" or "Guangxi" for short, is an inland mountainous province with beautiful mountains and rivers, pleasant climate, rich resources and many ethnic groups.

Guizhou is located in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau,10336 ′ ~? 109 35′? It is located between 24 37' and 2913' north latitude, bordering Hunan in the east, Guangxi in the south, Yunnan in the west and Sichuan and Chongqing in the north, with a length of about 595 kilometers from east to west and 509 kilometers from north to south. The total land area of the province 176 167 square kilometers, accounting for? 1.8%? .

Guizhou landform belongs to the western plateau mountainous area of China. The territory is high in the west and low in the east. It slopes from the central part to the north, east and south, with an average elevation of about 1 100 meters. There are many mountains in Guizhou Plateau, which is known as "eight mountains, one water and one field". The landform of the whole province can be divided into three basic types: plateau mountains, hills and basins, of which mountains and hills account for 92.5%. The territory is mountainous, with overlapping peaks, stretching vertically and horizontally, high mountains and deep valleys. There is Dalou Mountain in the north, which is inclined from west to northeast in the north. The elevation of Loushan Pass, the key pass of Sichuan and Guizhou, is1444m. South-central Miao Ling spans, with the main peak Leigong Mountain 2178m above sea level. There is Wuling Mountain in the northeast, winding from Hunan to Guizhou, and the main peak, Fan Jingshan, is 2572 meters high. The towering Wumeng Mountain in the west belongs to Jiucaiping, Zhu Shi Township, Hezhang County, with an altitude of 2900.6 meters, which is the highest point in Guizhou. Shuikou River in Diping Township, Liping County, Qiandongnan Prefecture, at the provincial boundary, is 147.8 meters above sea level, which is the lowest point in China. The karst landform in Guizhou is very typical. Karst (exposed) area 109084 square kilometers, accounting for 6 1.9% of the total land area of the province. Karst has a wide distribution range, complete morphological types and obvious regional differentiation, which constitutes a special karst ecosystem.

Guizhou has a warm and humid climate, which belongs to subtropical humid monsoon climate zone. The temperature doesn't change much, it is warm in winter and cool in summer, and the climate is pleasant. In 2002, the average annual temperature in Guiyang, the provincial capital, was 65438 04.8℃, 0.3℃ higher than the previous year. From the perspective of the whole province, the average temperature in Leng Yue (65438+ 10) is usually 3℃ ~ 6℃, which is higher than other areas in the same latitude. The average temperature in the hottest month (July) is generally 22℃ ~ 25℃, which is a typical cool area in summer. There is more precipitation, obvious rainy season, more cloudy days and less sunshine. In 2002, among the cities where nine cities and prefectures are located, Xingyi City has the largest water reduction, which is1480 mm; The least is Bijie City, which is 687.9mm ... The precipitation affected by monsoon is mostly concentrated in summer. The number of cloudy days in all parts of China generally exceeds 150 days, and the relative humidity is above 70% all the year round. Affected by atmospheric circulation and topography, Guizhou has a diverse climate. "One mountain is divided into four seasons, and ten miles are different." In addition, the climate is unstable, there are many kinds of disastrous weather, and drought, autumn wind, freezing and hail occur frequently, which is very harmful to agricultural production.

Guizhou's land area is *** 159 100 square kilometers, accounting for 90.4% of the province's land area. The soil zonality belongs to the red soil-yellow soil zone of subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest. The central and eastern part is a humid evergreen broad-leaved forest belt, mainly yellow soil; The southwest is a dry evergreen broad-leaved forest belt, mainly red soil; The northwest is an evergreen broad-leaved forest belt with north subtropical components, mostly yellow brown soil. In addition, there are calcareous soil, purple soil, coarse bone soil, paddy soil, brown soil, fluvo-aquic soil, peat soil, swamp soil, carboniferous soil, stony soil, mountain meadow soil, red clay, neoaccumulation soil and other soil types restricted by parent rocks. For agricultural production, the amount of soil resources in Guizhou is obviously insufficient, and the soil that can be used for agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry only accounts for 83.7% of the total area of the province.

Guizhou is rich in vegetation, with obvious subtropical characteristics, diverse components and complex floristic elements. There are 6255 species (varieties) of vascular plants belonging to 269 families 1655 genera (excluding bryophytes) in the province. The flora is dominated by tropical and subtropical geographical elements, such as pantropical distribution, tropical Asia distribution and old world tropical distribution, and temperate geographical elements also exist to varying degrees. In addition, there are many unique ingredients in China. Due to its special geographical location, there are various vegetation types in Guizhou, including subtropical zonal evergreen broad-leaved forest in China, subtropical gully monsoon forest and mountainous monsoon forest. There are both cold temperate subalpine coniferous forests and warm coniferous forests in the same place; There are both large-scale secondary deciduous broad-leaved forests and precious deciduous forests with extremely limited distribution. The spatial distribution of vegetation shows obvious transition, which makes the geographical distribution of various vegetation types overlap and complicated, and the combination of various vegetation types becomes complicated and diverse.

Rivers in Guizhou are located in the ecotone between the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the Pearl River, and 69 counties belong to the Yangtze River Shelterbelt Reserve, which is an important ecological barrier between the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the Pearl River. The water system of the whole province is divided into three parts: the west and the middle to the north, the east and the south. Miaoling is the watershed between the Yangtze River and the Pearl River, and belongs to the Yangtze River basin in the north, with a basin area of 1 15747 square kilometers, accounting for 65.7% of the province's land area. The main rivers are Wujiang River, Chishui River, Qingshui River, Hongzhou River, Wuyang River, Jinjiang River, Songtao River, Songkan River, Niulan River and Hengjiang River. South of Miaoling belongs to the Pearl River Basin, with a basin area of 60,420 square kilometers, accounting for 34.3% of the province's land area. The main rivers are Nanpanjiang, Beipanjiang, Hongshui River, Duliujiang River and Dagou River. Generally speaking, there are a large number of rivers in Guizhou, with 984 rivers with a length exceeding 10 km. In 2002, the river flow in the whole province reached11452 million cubic meters. The mountainous features of rivers in Guizhou are obvious. Most of the upper reaches of rivers have wide valleys, gentle water flow and small water volume. The middle reaches of the valley are staggered into bundles, and the water is fast; The downstream valley is deep and narrow, with a large amount of water and abundant hydraulic resources.

Due to the specific geographical location and complex topography, Guizhou's climate and ecological conditions are complex and diverse, with obvious three-dimensional agricultural characteristics and strong regional agricultural production, which is suitable for the overall comprehensive development of agriculture and the development of characteristic agriculture.