? Patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases cannot receive routine infusion in early spring.

Introduction: It is also a period of high incidence. At this time, many people began to go to the hospital for infusion prevention. So is this method desirable? Let's see what the experts say.

People should not be infused frequently.

With the cold weather and high incidence of heart disease, many patients and their families are in a state of anxiety, fearing that their condition will deteriorate, and they have gone to the outpatient clinic to ask for transfusion and dredge blood vessels. Some people even think that when the seasons change, bottles should be hung every six months to open blood vessels. But up to now, this method of preventing crime by hanging bottles regularly has not been scientifically, rigorously and clinically verified on a large scale.

Increase the chance of infection

In the process of intravenous infusion, the quality of disposable infusion set is not perfect, the operation is not standardized or the disinfection is not strict, which increases the chances of bacteria and viruses invading the human body. Skin purulent infection, phlebitis and infectivity may all occur due to improper infusion.

Affect the balance of body fluids

Usually in the case of water loss or mild water loss, the human body has a good compensatory adjustment function. Excessive infusion will destroy the balance of fluid inside and outside the cell. Furthermore, sodium, potassium and other components contained in the input liquid also destroy the stability of electrolytes in the body and interfere with the internal environment of the human body.

Resulting in particulate embolism

According to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, there should be no more than 10 insoluble particles with a particle size greater than 10 in each milliliter of infusion, and no more than 2 insoluble particles with a particle size greater than 20 microns. At present, except for Britain and Australia, no other country has made time-limited regulations for particles with a particle size below 10 micron. However, the smallest capillary diameter in human body is only 4~ 10 micron, so the larger particles in the liquid medicine can directly cause vascular embolism, local blood supply deficiency and tissue hypoxia, leading to edema and inflammation. Smaller particles may be swallowed by phagocytes, leading to the enlargement of macrophages and the formation of granulomas. Foreign scholars found in autopsy that there were 5000 granulomas in lung samples of patients who had used 40 times of external infusion. It has been reported in China that patients who receive intravenous infusion in the early stage may have pulmonary hypertension and respiratory failure. The potential harm of liquid medicine particles should not be underestimated.

give rise to

Cardiothoracic surgery patients are mostly elderly people, often complicated with hypertension, diabetes, chronic bronchitis and so on. In addition, the adjustment of the elderly is reduced. Once the infusion bottle transfuses more liquid, it is easy to cause acute pulmonary edema due to the sharp increase of blood volume.

Cause transfusion reaction

Due to the existence of pyrogen in the liquid, there may be blood transfusion reactions such as fever, chills, chills, etc., which will seriously lead to laryngeal edema, dyspnea and unpredictable danger, and it is easy to die if the rescue is not timely.

How to deal with cardiovascular patients with changeable climate

Patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in early spring should be especially vigilant. As long as you do the following five things, you can spend the early spring safely.

Recently, the climate is changeable, which is the high incidence period of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, because the cold * * * easily leads to the increase of myocardial oxygen consumption index, thus increasing the heart load. Especially for the elderly, we should be especially vigilant in early spring. As long as you do the following five things well, you can spend the early spring safely.

First, cold and warmth are the first.

Patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and their families should pay attention to the weather changes according to the weather forecast at ordinary times, and the alternating activities of cold and warm air are frequent, so they should increase or decrease their clothes in time. Especially in rainy and snowy days, windy days and dusty days, you should immediately add clothes, wear a hat, wear a vest to protect your back, take loose shoes and socks to protect your feet, and go out as little as possible. One is to prevent respiratory infections caused by colds, and the other is to prevent blood pressure fluctuations caused by temperature changes.

It should also be noted that the indoor temperature should be kept at around 20℃. If the temperature is too high or too low, for patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, it can cause slow blood flow and increase blood viscosity, which will lead to thrombosis, vasoconstriction or spasm and increase myocardial oxygen consumption.

Second, a reasonable diet is good for health.

For lovers, you must keep your mouth shut. Diet should be light, balanced, scientific and moderate, and appropriate intake of animal fat and protein, such as fresh lean meat, fish, poultry, eggs and beans. The staple food should be coarse grains and crude fiber foods (such as sweet potatoes and corn) to prevent constipation from having adverse effects on the heart. Also eat more fresh fruits and ensure adequate intake of vitamins and vitamins. Eating more beans and bean products is beneficial to the excretion of cholic acid and the reduction of cholesterol synthesis. Eating more fish is also desirable, because fish can reduce blood cholesterol and blood viscosity and prevent coronary thrombosis.

Cardio-cerebral patients should remember four taboos in diet:

1. The diet should be low in oil, salt and fat, and it is best not to eat bean paste, pickles and bacon.

2. Don't overeat, resulting in insufficient blood supply to the heart and increased brain load.

3. Control the intake of high-calorie foods to avoid being overweight.

4. Don't eat sweets with high sugar content. Sugar will still be converted into fat in the body, which will increase blood viscosity.

Third,

For patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, it is necessary and impossible to overdo it. Sticking to early spring activities can improve their cold tolerance, but exercise must be moderate and moderate. Don't go out to exercise too early. It is more appropriate to exercise after the sun comes out at eight or nine in the morning or around four in the afternoon.

You should do some warm-up activities before exercise. If you feel a little sweaty, stop exercising for no longer. It is not advisable to choose strenuous exercise such as mountain climbing, running and ball games. According to your age, illness, physical strength and personal hobbies, you can choose low-intensity sports such as walking outdoors, practicing Qigong and playing Tai Ji Chuan. Be careful when exercising, and don't hold your breath, squat and stand, or use too much force. What needs special attention is that if you feel unwell, weak or short of breath during exercise, you should stop exercising immediately and never insist.

Fourth, emotional stability.

In spring, people are excited, the heart load increases, the temperature difference between day and night is large, and the vascular reaction is strong, which is easy to cause the attack of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. A good mood can also make the body's immune function at its best. Don't forget your physical condition as soon as you are happy. This kind of happiness and excitement should be shortened as much as possible (controlled within half an hour), and you can't laugh or get excited. Of course, there are always negative emotions such as anxiety, depression and pessimism, which are also very unfavorable to patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. It will make the nervous system function disorder, lead to the dysfunction of tissues and organs, affect the normal metabolism of blood lipids for a long time, make fat aggregate and solidify, and finally deposit on the arterial wall to form plaques. Patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases can listen to drama, raise flowers, practice calligraphy and keep a relaxed and uplifting attitude.

Paying attention to details can avoid accidents.

Many patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases think that spring weather is good and people are in a good mood, so they can change their living habits slightly to make themselves more free and relaxed. This view is wrong. We should pay attention to four points:

1. Lie down, get up, lower your head and squat as slowly as possible to avoid hypotension or sudden syncope and fall.

2. Don't get up too early in the morning, don't rush to the ground after getting up, sit in bed for a while (about 5 minutes) before getting dressed, and then drink a cup of warm water to dilute the blood to avoid angina pectoris and stroke.

3. Measure blood pressure regularly, pay close attention to the changes of blood pressure, take antihypertensive drugs on time and in quantity according to the condition, and go to the hospital in time if you have dizziness or headache.

4. pay attention. Social activities should not be too frequent. You should have a concept of time in your mind. You should have regular time to eat, sleep and exercise. Don't forget anything when you play. You shouldn't overwork yourself, let alone stay up late. You must sleep at night.

Shortness of breath, chest pain, be alert to heart failure, and understanding the symptoms will help to prescribe the right medicine.

Heart failure is called "heart failure" for short. Understanding its specific symptoms is helpful to prescribe the right medicine and make early diagnosis and treatment. Below, summarize the main symptoms of heart failure.

1. Shortness of breath (especially when sleeping or lying down)

Get up in the middle of the night or in the morning and feel unable to take a deep breath or come. Especially when you are forced or lying down, there is a feeling of oppression in your chest and you can't take a deep breath. You can only catch your breath by sitting up. Many patients have to raise their pillows or choose to sleep in chairs to feel more comfortable.

2. There is a feeling of heavy pressure or "sinking" in the chest

This is the initial symptom of heart failure. But when this feeling first appeared, many patients didn't know how to deal with it, and it was difficult to describe this abnormal feeling. Many patients will feel heavy pressure in their chest, similar to the feeling of "drowning", and some patients will feel that their lungs are full of liquid when they take a deep breath. A few patients feel chest pain.

3. I feel that my clothes and shoes are too tight

Tight clothes and shoes and edema are signs of edema. Edema is one of the early symptoms of heart failure, but it is usually difficult to identify because edema may occur in many different body parts. The waist circumference suddenly becomes larger inexplicably, and the face and neck suddenly become round and fat, all of which should be heart failure.

4. Palpitation or irregular heartbeat

Rapid heartbeat, arrhythmia and palpitation are common symptoms of heart failure. Patients will feel their heart beating too fast and too hard, often accompanied by panic-like tension. Other similar arrhythmia problems, including atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter, are quite dangerous if not treated in time.

5. Loss of appetite

I still feel full for a long time after meals, which may be accompanied by nausea, constipation, stomach discomfort or abdominal pain. There is a feeling of oppression in the chest and abdomen, and it is uncomfortable after eating. Fatigue can also lead to loss of appetite in patients with heart failure, and they feel very tired when chewing food.

dizzy

Dizziness or dizziness is the most common cause of heart failure. Patients feel that the whole world is turning, and common complications include nausea or carsickness. If you are accompanied by palpitation or arrhythmia, you should seek medical advice promptly.

7. Anxiety

Shortness of breath, restless thoughts, sweaty palms and rapid heartbeat are all manifestations of anxiety. Some patients mistake anxiety or stress for heart failure.

8. cough

Cough is also a major symptom of heart failure, but it is easily confused with flu or the common cold. Cough caused by heart failure rarely occurs in the throat as much as that, and sometimes white foam or thick sputum may be coughed up, and there may be bloodshot. Heart failure is more likely to lead to dry cough, and the cough is aggravated when lying down or getting up.

9. Get tired easily or always feel weak.

During or after exertion, the patient has difficulty breathing or feels breathing. Walking for a while, getting up or eating a meal will make patients with heart failure feel tired. After the patient lies down, his chest begins to feel "sinking", and then he becomes anxious and unable to sleep, forming a vicious circle.

Tips: Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are always threatening people's health and life. Remind patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases that they must control the intake of high-fat and high-calorie foods.

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