How to raise lotus _ How to raise lotus?

Lotus, like hibiscus, has a pleasant fragrance. So, how many friends know how lotus is cultivated? Next, I will take you to understand the cultivation method of lotus.

The growth environment of lotus

Lotus is an aquatic plant, which likes relatively stable and calm shallow water, lakes, swamps and ponds, and is its suitable habitat. The water demand of lotus depends on its variety. The relative water level of large plant-shaped varieties such as Gulian and Chiba is deep, but it cannot exceed 1.7 meters. Small and medium-sized plant varieties are only suitable for water depth of 20-60 cm. Meanwhile, lotus is very sensitive to water loss. As long as you don't irrigate for three hours in summer, the lotus leaves planted in the water tank will be sluggish. If the water is stopped for one day, the lotus leaves will be burnt and the buds will wither. Lotus is also very fond of light, and it needs a full light environment during its growing period. Lotus is extremely intolerant of shade, so it will show strong phototaxis when it grows in semi-shade.

Distribution of lotus flowers

Lotus is generally distributed in subtropical and temperate regions such as Central Asia, West Asia, North America, Indian, China and Japanese. Lotus starts from Hainan Island, about 0/9 degrees north latitude in the south of China, reaches Fujin in Heilongjiang at 47.3 degrees north latitude in the north, borders Shanghai and Taiwan Province Province in the east, and reaches the northern foot of Tianshan Mountain in the west. Except for * * * Autonomous Region and Qinghai Province, it is distributed in most parts of the country. Vertical distribution can reach 2000 meters above sea level, and it can also be seen in the deep mountains and deep ponds of Qinling Mountains and Shennongjia.

China has a cultivation history of more than 3,000 years, and carbonized ancient lotus seeds have been found in Liaoning, Zhejiang and other places, which shows its long history. Taiwan Province Province was introduced from Japan only 65,438+000 years ago. In Baihe Town and Chiayi District of Tainan, the cultivated area has reached nearly 350 hectares, making it one of the most important tourist areas in Taiwan Province Province. There are still wild lotus flowers in some remote places in Asia, but most of them are planted artificially.

Cultivation method of lotus

Seed propagation

First, break the shell. In May and June, the concave ends of the seeds are ground on the cement floor or rough stones, and the seeds are soaked to raise seedlings. Keep the water clear, change the water frequently, germinate in a week or so, take root and transplant two weeks later, one plant in each pot. The water layer should be shallow and the lotus leaves should not be submerged in the water. About 90% can blossom that year, but there are not many flowers that year.

Split lotus propagation

Mid-March to mid-April is the best time to turn over the lotus root. Premature planting will be affected by cold current, and lotus roots are easy to freeze. The northern region can be covered with transparent agricultural film in case of cold current. The soil should be mushy before planting. When planting, the top end of lotus root is inserted into the mud at an angle of 20 degrees along the basin edge, and the depth of bowl lotus is about 5 cm. Da Lian is about 10 cm deep, with low head and high tail. The tail is half cocked to prevent the tail of the lotus root from entering the water. After planting, put the flowerpot in the sun to make the surface soil slightly crack, so as to facilitate the complete adhesion of lotus root and soil, then add a small amount of water, gradually deepen the water level after the buds grow, and finally maintain a water layer of 3-5 cm. In the early stage of pond planting, the water layer is the same as that of potted flowers, and the lotus leaves are not submerged in the later stage.

Space breeding

In July, 1994, 442 seeds from Guangchang An Baili were carried on the recoverable satellite 940703 in cooperation with Institute of Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. They stayed in space for 355 hours and 35 minutes, and successfully returned to Earth after 238 laps. After screening and cultivation, many varieties such as space lotus 1, 2, 3 and 36 were formed. In 2002 and 2006, Guangchang Anbaili went into space by Shenzhou IV spacecraft and Shi Jian 8 breeding satellite. Among them, the single canopy of Space Lotus 36 can bear about 22 seeds, and 100 seeds can weigh about 100 grams, so it is known as the best lotus seed variety. The cultivation of space lotus has to go through "three levels";

1. Radiation removal: Lotus seeds in space are carried into space by recyclable spacecraft. In the environment of strong radiation, microgravity, high vacuum and weak geomagnetic field, most seeds will die, and only a few seeds can survive. Only the surviving seeds can become space lotus after genetic changes.

2. Screening: Because the genetic mutation of plant seeds in space is non-directional, it may be good or bad. After returning to the earth, according to the breeding objectives and flowering conditions, the excellent qualities such as large flowers, bright colors, beautiful shapes and long flowering periods were retained, thus producing an alternative space lotus.

Third, stability: after several years of repeated screening, excellent tissues are continuously selected from each generation of lotus for culture, and strains with unstable genes are eliminated. Finally, the lotus with excellent genes and stable heredity can be determined as a new variety.

Water and fertilizer management

Lotus is an aquatic plant. During its growing period, it can't live without water all the time. At the initial stage of growth, the water layer should be controlled at about 3 cm, and the water is too deep to raise the soil temperature. If you use tap water, you'd better put it in another jar and dry it for a day or two before using it. Summer is the peak of lotus growth, so there is no shortage of water in the basin. After winter, the pot soil should also be kept moist to prevent the lotus root from drying up due to lack of water.

The fertilizer of lotus is mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, supplemented by nitrogen fertilizer. If the soil is fertile, there is no need to fertilize all the year round. Rotten cake fertilizer and chicken, duck and goose manure are the most ideal fertilizers. Small pots can only be applied half, and large pots can only be applied 1-2 at most. Never apply more, but mix it with the soil. In the vigorous growth period, if the leaves are found to turn yellow and thin, 0.5g of urea per box can be mixed into the mud and kneaded into balls of about 10g, and each pot is applied with 1 granule, which will take effect in 7 days.

Overwintering management

After winter, put the basin indoors or under frozen soil. The area north of the Yellow River should be covered with agricultural film except under frozen soil, and the soil in the basin should be kept moist throughout winter.

Lotus potted plant

Lotus needs fertile loam rich in humus. Generally, the soil is lake mud, or 4 parts of garden soil, 3 parts of loess and 3 parts of sandy soil can be mixed, and the soil pH value is 6.5 ~ 7.5. Put 3/5 of the mud in the pond in the pot or pot where the lotus is planted, then add a little water and stir it into slurry, and then cut it into three sections to form plants, keeping the terminal buds, waist buds and tail buds intact. Generally, it is advisable to plant two kinds of lotus roots in each jar or basin. 3 ~ 5 days after planting, it is not necessary to add water to the pot, but only add a small amount of water when the mud surface cracks, so that the seed lotus root can be firmly tied in the mud and easy to germinate. With the appearance of floating leaves and the increase of temperature, vertical leaves grow, and water is gradually added to the jar and basin to the mouth of the basin. The well-planted pots and pots of lotus flowers should be kept in a leeward, sunny and flat place. Lotus likes strong light, and receiving 7-8 hours of light every day can make it bud and flower, so it is not suitable for cultivation in the shade, and it is not suitable for viewing flowers indoors for more than three days. It is wise to show lotus flowers outdoors. Pots for family use must be placed on the balcony or yard. However, the bowl lotus is exquisite. It rained continuously in May and June in the Yangtze River valley, and the temperature was very low. Once it is sunny, the temperature rises suddenly.

Lotus leaves are small and soft, and they are often burnt to death along the leaves. In the afternoon, they should be moved to the shade to avoid exposure to the hot sun. Lotus is very strict about temperature. Generally, it begins to germinate at 8℃ to 14℃, and the lotus root band begins to elongate at 14℃. 25℃ to 30℃ is the most suitable temperature for the growth and development of lotus, especially in rainy and sunny days. When the temperature dropped around beginning of autumn, most cultivated varieties moved to the long lotus root stage.

When the lotus is potted, according to the size of the pot, 200 grams to 500 grams of chicken manure is applied as the base fertilizer. Compared with the lotus cultivated with pig manure, cow manure and human manure, the lotus cultivated with this fertilizer has more flowers, brighter colors and higher lotus seed yield. After planting for one month, the primary liquid fertilizer with the concentration of 10% can be put in. After the leaves germinate, topdressing 1-2 times, and topdressing calcium superphosphate and potassium sulfate every 7 days at flowering stage. When the temperature is high in summer, lotus is easy to lose water. Therefore, water should be added once every 1 ~ 2 days for the lotus planted in tanks and 1 ~ 2 times every day for the potted plants. The water temperature in the cylinder should be basically the same and the water quality should be kept clean. If you find that the water is not clean, please change it. In late autumn and early winter, the lotus enters the dormant period, so it is not necessary to add water frequently, just leave shallow water in the basin.

The common pests of lotus are aphids on floating leaves or small vertical leaves and Spodoptera litura in July and August. Spraying 50% dimethoate emulsion 1500 times to 2000 times or 2.5% rotenone 500 times. Repeat every other week, and the effect is remarkable. Lotus has few diseases, mainly rot. If diseased leaves are found, they should be removed immediately and burned. At the initial stage of the disease, Tobuzin liquid can be sprayed 800 times.

Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests in lotus cultivation

black spot

In the early stage, irregular brown spots appeared on the leaves with slight ring lines. In the later stage, black mold adheres to the spots, and often several spots are connected to form large spots, and in severe cases, the whole plant dies. Prevention and treatment: spray 50% carbendazim or 75% chlorothalonil 500-800 times in time at the initial stage of the disease.

poultry rearing

At the early stage of the disease, bacterial wilt spots appeared on the leaf margin, which were then connected into pieces of inward expansion kits, and finally the whole leaves turned brown. After the onset of lotus root, the central part turns brown, and gradually necrosis to lotus nodes and lotus stalks. Prevention and treatment: spray 50% carbendazim 500-600 times at the initial stage of the disease.

prodenia litura

Newly hatched larvae gather on the back of leaves to eat mesophyll, leaving epidermis and veins, and the injured leaves are gray like screen windows. Larvae is a little bigger, it disperses food, bites leaves into notches, and can eat buds and flowers, which is the most serious in June every year-10. Prevention and control methods: remove insect leaves in time and destroy them. At the same time, spraying 1000 times methamidophos solution to control larvae in the evening.

aphid

Aphids have strong adaptability to the climate and are widely distributed. They mainly suck the stems and leaves of plants, especially the buds. Aphids have strong reproductive and adaptive abilities and a huge population. Therefore, it is difficult for all methods to achieve radical effect, and it is necessary to use 80% dichlorvos EC spray diluted 500- 1000 times on a regular basis.

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