How to plant pepper trees?

condition of culture

The temperature requirement of pepper is between eggplant and eggplant. The optimum temperature for seed germination is 23-30℃, and it cannot germinate below 65438 05℃. Pepper seedlings need high temperature, low temperature and slow growth. At the beginning of flowering and fruiting, the optimum temperature is 20-25℃ during the day and 15-20℃ at night. The soil temperature is too high at the fruiting stage, especially when the strong light shines directly on the ground, which is not conducive to root growth and is easy to cause toxin disease and sunburn.

Soil preparation base fertilizer

Pepper should not be continuous cropping, nor should it be continuous cropping with eggplant, tomato, potato and tobacco. The plot for planting pepper requires good drainage, convenient irrigation and drainage, and requires deep ploughing. It is best to cultivate in winter and loosen the frozen soil to improve the soil and eliminate overwintering pests and pathogen spores. Before planting, the soil should be prepared again, and the topsoil should be kept large, which is beneficial to ventilation and cooling, and has a good effect on preventing falling flowers, camps and leaves. The requirements of vegetable farmers in Changsha for planting pepper fields are "deep ditch, high ridge and broken old base;" The soil is flat and big, and the water flows smoothly. "The width of the border is generally 1.3- 1.7 m (flat ditch), and 2-3 rows are planted. There are also flower beds 2.3-2.7 meters wide, which are planted horizontally on the flower beds. At the same time, 50-80 loads of decomposed manure, calcium superphosphate 15 kg and plant ash 25 kg were applied as base fertilizer per mu.

Sowing and seedling raising

The seedling raising method in plastic small arch shed is introduced as follows:

1. Selection of seedbed: The seedbed should be a plot with its back facing north and south, dry and refreshing, convenient water source and no solanaceae crops.

2. Seedbed preparation: It is best to dig deep into the baked soil in rainy days, sprinkle a layer of human and animal manure on it, dry it, and cover it with a film to prevent fertilizer loss when it rains.

3. Sowing: Before sowing, fully wet and level the bed soil. The width of seedbed is generally 1.5- 1.7 meters ... Generally, seeds are not soaked to accelerate germination. Early-maturing varieties are generally sown in 65438+ 10, and late-maturing varieties are generally sown in February-March. Planting an acre requires sowing 75- 120g.

After sowing, cover the seeds with fine soil mixed with old bran ash or coal ash, with a thickness of about 2 cm, depending on whether the seeds are covered or not. Then water it, cover it with plastic film after collecting the water, and finally enclose a small arch with thin bamboo poles or bamboo pieces, which is about 0.5 meters high and covered with a film, and the north side of the film is compacted with soil to prevent wind. It is best to press both sides with bricks, so as to expose the film for ventilation at any time.

4. Seedbed management: generally, management is not needed from sowing to emergence. When it is found that seedlings begin to emerge, the plastic film should be removed immediately, otherwise tall seedlings will be formed. After emergence, uncover the film at 9: 00 a.m. on sunny days and cover it at 4: 00 p.m., and try to ventilate as much as possible on rainy days. If it is found that the bed soil is white and the seedlings are wilting, it is necessary to water it. The watering time must be at 9: 00 am 1-2 am, and it should be checked again after watering for two hours. If it is found that some parts are still dry, it is necessary to replenish water to make the seedlings grow consistently. Rainy days and freezing days are not suitable for watering, otherwise the bed temperature will be lowered due to excessive humidity, and diseases will easily occur. On snowy days, you can cover the grass window with a film, or you can put electric lights in the bed to protect the seedlings from freezing.

5. Row seedlings: In order to make the seedlings strong and the roots developed, when two true leaves appear in the seedlings, they should be closely followed at one time, with the plant spacing of 6- 10cm and the row spacing of 12- 15cm, and watering should be carried out during row seedlings to prevent the seedlings from wilting. The preparation, requirements and management of inter-row seedbeds are similar to those of seedbeds.

Field planting

The soil temperature of pepper should be above 65438 05℃. Early planting can not achieve the goal of early maturity because of low soil temperature, slow growth and slow flowering. Plant spacing: the row spacing of early-maturing varieties is 40-50 cm, the plant spacing is 26-33 cm, and each hole 1-2 plants. The row spacing of late-maturing varieties is 66-73 cm, the plant spacing is 50-60 cm, and each hole 1 plant. Choose sunny afternoon for planting, and water the seedbed in the morning to facilitate seedling pulling.

Tiantuan management

1 intertillage weeding: shallow intertillage should be carried out in time after field planting survives. Plants began to grow and concentrated in intertillage once. Before the factory closes, cultivate again. Intertillage combined with weeding and ridging.

2. Fertilizer and water management: after planting, it is necessary to grab a sunny day and topdressing the seedling fertilizer. The dosage should not be too much and too thick each time, otherwise it will easily lead to excessive growth and delay flowering and fruiting. When the first and second layers bear fruit, more fertilizer should be applied to promote fruit growth. After fruit picking, it is more necessary for the soil to have enough fertilizer and water for plants to grow and bear fruit normally. If it rains heavily before the soil is dry after watering, the phenomenon of falling leaves and dying will be quite common, especially during the period from ups and downs to beginning of autumn. Therefore, when irrigating, we must decide the irrigation time according to the weather forecast. The depth of irrigation shall not exceed three-quarters of the side ditch, and it shall be carried out at night or in the early morning, and emergency irrigation and drainage shall be carried out.

3. Harvest and seed storage: As fresh food, green fruits and red fruits are mostly harvested. As a dry pepper, it is necessary to harvest the red ripe fruit in time, otherwise it will affect the growth and fruit of the plant.

The method of combining seed-keeping and harvest plant selection with fruit selection is to select standard plants in the field according to the characteristics of varieties and mark them as seed-keeping plants. The first layer of fruit should be harvested as soon as possible, and 2-4 layers of fruit should be reserved as seed fruit. When the seed fruit is red and ripe, further select the fruit with the characteristics of the variety, spread the picked seed fruit in the shade, ripen it for 5-7 days, cut it open, take it out, dry it and store it.

Scientific name of pepper tree: capsicum, Solanaceae, capsicum. It is an annual or limited perennial herb. Fruit is usually conical or rectangular, green when immature, bright red, green or purple when mature, with red being the most common. The causal skin of pepper contains capsaicin, which is spicy and can stimulate appetite. The content of vitamin C in pepper ranks first among vegetables, which originated in Mexico and was introduced to China in the late Ming Dynasty. There are also ornamental peppers, round and inedible, with red and purple colors.

Annual or limited perennial plants; 40-80 cm tall. Stems subglabrous or puberulent, branches slightly zigzag.

Leaves alternate, the top nodes of branches do not elongate to form twins or clumps, oblong-ovoid, ovoid or ovoid-lanceolate, 4- 13cm long, 0-0/.5-4 cm wide, entire, with short conical or acute tip and narrow wedge-shaped base; Petiole is 4-7 cm long.

Flowers solitary, drooping; Calyx cup-shaped, inconspicuously 5-toothed; Corolla white, lobes ovate; The anthers are grayish purple. The fruit stalk is thick and drooping; The fruit has long fingers, the tips of which gradually become sharp and often bend. It is green when it is immature, and turns red, orange or purple when it is mature, which is spicy. There are two kinds of pepper flowers, one is white, the other is purple, and the two kinds of flowers have four to six petals. Moreover, the peppers produced by the two flowers are different: the peppers produced by purple flowers are purple, and the peppers produced by white flowers are ordinary red peppers.

Seeds flat kidney-shaped, 3-5 mm long, pale yellow. The flowering and fruiting period is May-165438+1October.

The early growth stage of pepper is the germination stage, which is usually unearthed about 5-8 days after germination and sowing. The first true leaf appears about 15 days until the bud is the seedling stage. The flowering period is from the first ear to the door pepper. The fruiting period is from fruit setting to seedling drawing. The suitable temperature of pepper is between 15-34 degrees. The suitable temperature for seed germination is 25-30℃, and it takes 5-7 days to germinate. When the temperature is lower than 65438 05℃ or higher than 35℃, the seeds will not germinate.

The seedling stage requires high temperature, 25-30 degrees during the day, and 15- 18 degrees at night is the best. Seedlings are not tolerant of low temperature, so pay attention to cold protection. If the pepper is 35 degrees, it will drop flowers and fruits.

Pepper has strict requirements on conditional moisture, and it is neither drought-tolerant nor waterlogging-tolerant. I like dry air conditioning.

Pepper is native to tropical areas of Central America and Latin America, and its origin is Mexico.