Where did my ancestors come from?

First, the origin of surnames

Xi (x: and) surnames come from two aspects:

1, from Ren Shi, originated in Xia Dynasty and was named after Xizhong, a descendant of the Yellow Emperor. According to Dialectics of Surnames in Ancient and Modern Times, "Surnames come from Ren Shi. After Xia Che was in the West, he took Wang and his son as his surname. " The ancestor of Xi's surname is Yuyang. Yuyang, one of the twenty-five sons of the Yellow Emperor, was named Ren because he was named Rendi (now Jining, Shandong). Sun, a native of Yuyang, was born in Xidi (Chengde, Hebei) in the Xia Dynasty. He was known as Xizhong in history, and served as a car manager in the Xia Dynasty. Xi Zhong originally lived in Xue (now southeast of Teng County, Shandong Province) and later moved to Pi (now northwest of Weishan, Shandong Province). Xi Zhong's descendants take "Xi" as their surname, which is called Xi's.

2. From the ancient northern minorities in China. According to the History of the Road, there is a Xi family after the Tuoba family of Xianbei nationality. According to the Records of Guan Shi in Shu Wei, "Bo Shi and Da Shi were changed to Shi."

Ancestor: Xizhong. The surname Xi originated in the Xia Dynasty. According to Dialectics of Surnames in Ancient and Modern Times, it is pointed out: "Since Ren Shi, Xia Si has taken the word Wang Fuzhi as his surname." Xizhong, a descendant of the Yellow Emperor, became a car official (in charge of vehicles) in the Xia Dynasty. Xizhong himself is said to be the inventor of vehicles. Car administration was a very important official position in ancient times, and only nobles could take a bus. Therefore, this official position can only be mastered by royalty. Because of his work, Xi Zhong has the title of "Xi". Therefore, the descendants of Xi Zhong took the name "Xi" in the name of the feudal city as their surname, and called it Xi's family. Therefore, the descendants of the Xi family regard Xi Zhong as the ancestor of the Xi family.

Second, migration distribution.

(Omitted) Xi's surname is not among the top 100 in Chinese mainland and Taiwan Province Province. Xi's surname is the first recorded surname in the history of China. As early as the reign of Emperor Shun and Yao, the emperor didn't have a surname, but when Dayu was managing water, a man named Xi Zhong invented the car, which effectively assisted Dayu in managing water. Therefore, there is: "Dayu controls water, and Xizhong builds cars." This is the earliest surname record in the history of China. According to Dialectics of Surnames in Ancient and Modern Times, it is pointed out: "Since Ren Shi, Xia Si has taken the word Wang Fuzhi as his surname." "Car" has been an important means of transportation for human beings since ancient times. In ancient China, there was an allusion of "making cars in the west". There are not many people named Xi in our country, but they have a very glorious family background. The ancestor of Xi's surname is Xi Zhong, a great inventor who benefited mankind. Xi Zhong was born in Xia Dynasty more than 4,000 years ago, and served as a vehicle administrator. Shuowen said: "The general name of Cheyu was also created by Xi Zhong in Xia Hou." According to the above records, Xizhong, the ancestor of Chinese surname, was originally a descendant of Ren Shi, the Yellow Emperor. When it reached the Xia Dynasty, his descendants took Xi Zhong's name as their surname because he made four contributions to the country, which was handed down from generation to generation. Not all Xi's surnames are descendants of the Yellow Emperor. Historically, the descendants of Tuoba of Xianbei nationality changed their surname to Xi. In the north of a generation, there were ethnic minorities named Da Xi and Bo Xi who also changed their surnames. They moved south to the Central Plains with Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty, changed their surnames to Han, and gradually merged into the Chinese nation. Later, the surname developed into a noble family in Qiaoxian County, known as Qiaowang in the world.

Third, historical celebrities.

Xi Zhong: Minister Yu Xia. At the beginning of the Yellow Emperor, there were fewer Wu Jianiu and more Xi Zhong, so Xi Zhong was appointed as right-hand drive. Create different styles of cars, install different signs, and distinguish different grades.

You: A native of the Northern Wei Dynasty, herdsman, who was famous all over the world, was favored by Emperor Zhao Cheng. When the country has a good horse, "?" "Huan, lost overnight, congratulations. Later, I learned that it was stolen by the southern adult Liu Kuren and put in a cave. When Xi you heard it, he rushed to get the horse. Cullen favored the nephew of the country, humiliated and attacked Xi you, and Xi you scolded him and hurt him. Fu Jian asked Cullen and Chen Wei to lead the State Department respectively. They were afraid and hurried to Chen Wei. Tao and Wu were destroyed, but they returned late, so they were named after old ministers.

Jin: General of the Northern Wei Dynasty, a great general of the first generation, son of Xi. At the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, it was forbidden to join hands with Chang et al. Later, I felt that the assistant minister was close to both sides. Judging from the signs, Murong Baoshen was involved. At the beginning of the emperor's accession to the throne, worshippers rode a captain and were forbidden to travel. When the carriage returned to Beijing, thieves in Boling, Bohai and Zhangwu counties rose up together, and Jin reached an agreement with Lueyang. From the levy, break the high car ministries. He also brought down Helian Company and moved other departments to Sinan. He attacked Houbu again and returned to Dagu. The water messenger who moved to the capital was a general of the Jin army and a secretariat of Youzhou, and was named Hou.

Fei: Yishui people in Tang Dynasty. Famous ink expert. The ink is not only black and shiny, but also fragrant, and the words "Xi Fei" or "Geng Shen" are printed on the ink. His younger brother and son are famous for making ink, and he was named Li in the Southern Tang Dynasty. His grandson Li Ting's silicone ink is better, and the world says that "Li Tinggui Ink" sells well all over the world.

Yi Xi: Qing Yin, whose real name is Qing Yin, first moved from Qiaobo to the west and was from Jingzhao. Less ambition, more knowledge. In the Tang Dynasty, at the end of the Dali period, he was promoted to a scholar and was awarded the title of proofreader of Hong Wen Pavilion. Doctor De Lizong suggested that Cui Hetu hold a festival to make Tubo show his admiration for himself and bid farewell to the old one. Yang Yan Fuzheng, call left. It is a gift to mourn and destroy the barren land. Rebellion, detour, in Xingyuan, worship Zhu and Hanlin, did not take office. Thief Ping, changed to Prince Ichiro, passed through the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Official Affairs. Will be left will be right, turn left secretary.

Banknote: the founder of Huimo, which was founded in the late Tang Dynasty. After Yishui (now Yizhou, Hebei Province) made ink, Chao fled south to Cangzhou with his family because of the war. Seeing the dense pine forests and clear streams here, he settled down and resumed his old job of making ink. The ink he created is "rich in muscle and greasy, shiny as paint". In the Southern Tang Dynasty, Li Yu, the late ruler, got the Mo Bao of Xi. Therefore, he asked his son, Ting Xuan, to be an "official of ink affairs" and gave the country's surname Li as a reward. Since then, the Xi family has become more surnamed Li. Li Mo in Zhangzhou is famous all over the world, with the reputation of "gold is easy to get, but Li Mo is rare", and the national ink making center has also moved south to Zhangzhou. Since then, Mohist masters have emerged one after another, such as Gengshi, Changyu, Pangu, Woods and Dai Yanheng. Huizhou ink industry entered its first heyday.

Xi rongxiang: his surname, first name and word. He was a patriot in the late Spring and Autumn Period and one of Confucius' students. Justice in Historical Records calls him a patriotic man. Tang Kaiyuan named "Xiapi Bo" and Song named "Jiyang Hou".

In addition, there are Lu Houjuan and Hou in the Western Han Dynasty, Shi Xun in the Song Dynasty, Tao, a poet and painter in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and Que.

Fourth, the county hall number

Wang Jun 1

According to the Origin of Surnames, "Xia Che moved to Qiu in Xizhong, and was later called Shi". Look abroad.

Qiaoxian: At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, part of Jian 'an and Peixian counties set up counties to administer Qiaoxian county, which now belongs to Bozhou City, Anhui Province. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, it was Qiaoxian County of Haozhou.

Beihai County: Beihai County, located in the Han Dynasty, governs Ling Ying (now southeast of Changle, Shandong Province). Beihai County in Sui and Tang Dynasties is Qingzhou, which governs the capital. Today, Weifang, Shandong and other places, Han and Tang Dynasties are in Beihai County.

2. Hall number

The main names of Xi surnames are "Li Gengtang" and so on.

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Xi ancestral hall couplet

Four-character couplet of Xi's ancestral hall

Originated in Xia dynasty;

Look abroad.

-Anonymous writing of Xi's Ancestral Hall Federation

Quanliandian refers to the origin and county prestige of Xi's surname.

Car administration in Xia dynasty;

Tiesheng in Qing Dynasty.

-Li Wenzheng wrote "Xi's Ancestral Hall Federation"

The first couplet refers to Xi Zhong, the minister of Xia. Legend has it that the Yellow Emperor once built a car, Shao Hao got a cow and Xizhong got a horse, so he was appointed as the car administrator. The second couplet refers to Xi Gang, a seal engraver in Qing Dynasty, whose name is Tie Sheng, alias He, Mengquan Waishi, Jushi, Donghua and Zhejiang. Honest and frank, withdrawn, he was famous for painting when he was young. Emperor Qianlong was taking an examination of the boy when he was on his southern tour. The magistrate of Hangzhou sent someone to arrest him and let him paint murals for his palace. He said, "No one was arrested for painting! The head can be broken, and the painting will never be done! " His captor said, "You are not a child, you are an iron student." So in the name of Tiesheng, he was forbidden to take the imperial examination for life. Ding Jing is one of the "eight schools of Xiling" with its perfect development and distinctive style. Good at painting landscapes and also making flowers, Cynthia; He also works as ICBC and official script. He is the author of the draft of Winter Flowers.

Che Zheng Shize;

Hong Nong Jia sheng

-Anonymous writing of Xi's Ancestral Hall Federation

The first couplet refers to Xizhong, and the Yellow Emperor was a "car administration" at that time and was famous for making cars. The second couplet refers to the Northern Wei Dynasty and the Western Jin Dynasty, and was named the King of Hongnong.

Ancient chuanzheng;

Each row of hole doors.

-Anonymous writing of Xi's Ancestral Hall Federation

The first couplet refers to the Yellow Emperor when Xizhong was a car. The second couplet refers to Qian, a disciple of Confucius, with literary talent.

The world is called loyalty and filial piety;

City numbers are not expensive.

-Anonymous writing of Xi's Ancestral Hall Federation

The first couplet refers to the Northern Wei Dynasty and the Western Jin Dynasty, and is famous for its loyalty and filial piety. The second couplet refers to Song Heath, who is from the county seat and has a low-cost voice.

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Five-character couplet of Xi's ancestral hall

The study occupies three treasures;

West Cold Station is a family.

-Anonymous writing of Xi's Ancestral Hall Federation

Xi Tingjue and Xi Naisun, the famous Mohists of the Five Dynasties, were published in the Book of Shanglian. His ink is like jade, and his writing is like rhinoceros, which is called the mysterious ink of the court. It, together with Cheng Xin Tang Paper and Long Wei Inkstone, is called the three treasures of the study. The second couplet, Xi, a painter and seal engraver in Qing Dynasty, was just born in Qiantang. The seal cutting style is beautiful and elegant, and it is one of the "Eight Schools of Xiling".

Seven Yuping mountain firewood;

General Wan Qi.

-Anonymous writing of Xi's Ancestral Hall Federation

On the first couplet, the poets and painters in Qing Dynasty were suspicious, with blank words and cheerful words. It belongs to a nation, and it is named Fangping Mountain Firewood and Lou Yu. His home is in the south of the county seat, and there is a building in the west, which is close to Xianshan. Seven elms have been planted and covered outside, called Elm House. After the second couplet was published, Wei Wan rode a general, Jin, who was tired of conquest. After he became the Crown Prince, he listened to politics and assisted Jin, and distinguished between the wise and the wise. Zhao Zhao's death.

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Seven-character couplets of Xi Ancestral Temple

Civil and military, but only the Ministry;

Poetry and books are wonderful and iron.

-Anonymous writing of Xi's Ancestral Hall Federation

Huanggang native, Xi Shiliang, the head of Nanjing Household Department in Ming Dynasty. Jiajing Jinshi, Li Yanping Prefecture Tongzhi. At that time, the enemy refused to accept the arrow stone, and Cheng Nan was trapped, facing west, and was killed by several swords. The second couplet, Xi Gang, a poet and calligrapher in Qing Dynasty, is called Tie Sheng, a master of painting and calligraphy, seal cutting and landscape. Get the legacy of Nantianweng. Zhu Lan is also very detached.

Four books sound little Zou Lu;

The courtyard in autumn is old and yellow.

-Xigang wrote "Xi's Ancestral Hall General Union".

This couplet was written by Xi Gang, a poet and painter in Qing Dynasty.

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Xi Ancestral Temple General Union of Seven Words or More

Dingding was blocked and Yuan Gong ranked seventh;

I don't want to run away from change. My loyalty is almost two.

-Anonymous writing of Xi's Ancestral Hall Federation

In the Ming Dynasty, Yanping County learned the story of Xi Liang Shi. The second couplet tells the story of Xi Juan, a famous soldier in the Han Dynasty. Juan went from a high-impedance beggar to the Han Dynasty, and appointed a vassal with a general to seal the Duke of Lu.

Learn from Confucius, seventy sages, and inherit the holy words together;

Han, hundreds of millions of years of incense, always drink mountains and rivers.

-Anonymous writing of Xi's Ancestral Hall Federation

This couplet is from Xi Ancestral Temple in West Village, Wuhu County, Anhui Province.

Appendix: Xi surname allusions and anecdotes

A tea party was held in Yi Xi.

Tea ceremony rose in the Tang Dynasty. Yan Feng, a contemporary of Lu Yu, said in his book Feng Shiwen Ji Jian: "Because of the extensive polishing of Hung-chien's theory (that is, Lu Yu), the tea ceremony became popular, and all princes and nobles drank it." This is the earliest mention of the word "tea ceremony". According to Yan Feng, it was Lu Yu who first summarized and expounded the "tea ceremony".

However, it is difficult to find a detailed literature record of how the "tea ceremony" was embodied in life at that time. Only the Yi Xi Tea Party recorded in Song Taizong's Taiping Guangji in the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty can be regarded as one of the "tea ceremonies" in the Tang Dynasty.

Yi Xi was a scholar at the end of Tang Daizong Dali, a progressive calligrapher in Tang Dezong, and was contemporary with Lu Yu. The Yi Xi Tea Party mentioned in Tai Ping Guang Ji happened when Lu Yu was talking about the tea ceremony. This story says:

By the time Yi Xi became the assistant minister of the official department, drinking tea had been highly praised by the world. Yi Xi, who was extravagant by nature, prepared a set of exotic and exquisite tea sets, such as wind stoves, moon-lit porcelain lamps, bowls and horns, which were not even available in the homes of public officials at that time.

One hot day, he invited a group of colleagues from the government office to hold a tea party in the hall at home. At that time, there were more than 20 guests, and Yi Xi sat in the first place on the east side, but those who were persuaded by tea began to offer tea to the guests on the west side. More than twenty people drink tea, but there are only two bowls, and the amount of tea is very small. Guests also laugh and chat from time to time when drinking tea, so the delivery of tea bowls is getting slower and slower.

Because of the hot weather and thirst, Yi Xi looked at the postponed tea bowl and gradually became restless. Just then, an ignorant subordinate came in with a lot of books and pens and inkstones, put them on the table in front of Wei and asked him to sign. When Yi Xi looked at the man, he saw that his face was full of oil and sweat. He was fat and black. Yi Xi, who was extremely anxious, felt sick and pushed him away at once. He said angrily, "Take it over there!" "Unfortunately, the subordinates were suddenly pushed, and people fell to the ground together with their desks, and ink splashed everywhere, and their faces and those books were dyed black. Everyone laughed.

It can be seen from this story that this tea party is unusual, but it is very particular. For example, there should be a very delicate tea set, with more than 20 people sitting on both sides of the east and west, and special tea artists will serve tea to the guests in a certain order. Guests only use two bowls to drink leisurely, and the amount of tea is not much. Are two bowls of tea handed down like strong tea? Or use two bowls instead of ordering a bowl and drinking a bowl? Although this is not clear, people who are familiar with modern Japanese tea ceremony will definitely see that the etiquette of this tea party is similar to some "conventions" in Japanese tea ceremony, such as the importance attached to tea sets, the location of the host and guest seats, the special tea service personnel and the order of tea worship. The origin of Japanese tea ceremony can be seen from this record.

Of course, the tea party arranged by Yi Xi is far from a real tea ceremony, but a form of tea ceremony, without the realm and spirit of tea ceremony. The final behavior of Yi Xi, the owner of this tea party, is enough to illustrate this point.

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[Xi Tinggui, Master of Ink Making]

Ink, a treasure in Four Treasures of the Study, is an important item in China's traditional painting and calligraphy. It has formed a unique style in the cultural development of China. Without "ink", the art of painting and calligraphy is impossible, and the quality of "ink" will directly affect the effect of painting and calligraphy. "Ink" is a unique handicraft. Besides its functions, its modeling combines the skills of painting, calligraphy, sculpture and traditional crafts. Since ancient times, it has also been treasured by collectors of all ages.

When China invented ink is still inconclusive. "Shu Ancient Calligraphy Collection" records that "the punishment of foreigners began to make ink". According to legend, Xingyi was from Zhou Xuanwang (827- 782 BC). Once he washed his hands by the river, accidentally picked up a charred charcoal and blackened his hands. Inspired by blackened charcoal, he grinded charcoal into fine powder, mixed it with viscous substances such as porridge and dried it to make ink blocks, which became the first artificial ink. The earliest material object of Gu Mo seen by China was Gu Mo unearthed from Qin Tomb in Yunmeng Shuihudi, Hubei Province in 1975.

The history of China has always attached great importance to the production of ink, and many famous ink makers have emerged. Xi Chao and Xi Tingxuan were the most outstanding ink and wash masters in the Southern Tang Dynasty during the Five Dynasties.

Chao He and Ting Xuan were born in Yishui (now Yixian County, Hebei Province) during the Southern Tang Dynasty in the Five Dynasties. They are craftsmen who make ink. At that time, the society was in turmoil, and Xi's family moved to Zhou She (now Shexian County, Anhui Province) to continue making ink and wash. They carefully studied the previous experience of ink making and summed up the practical experience of ink making. In addition, there are dense pine forests in Zhangzhou, which are excellent raw materials for making ink. Xi and his son learn from others and strive for perfection. In the process of continuous innovation, it is recognized that the blackness of ink has a great relationship with the purity and particle size of pine smoke carbon black used for ink making. Black and bright, carbon black and pure, fine particles, less ash, so the dispersion is high. While selecting materials and improving the formula, they also reformed the production process. After hard work, creative production and careful processing, we finally produced high-quality ink that is "as hard as jade, as elegant as rhinoceros", and "rich in muscle but greasy in reason and as bright as paint". It is said that this kind of ink is not bad after being soaked in water for three years, and it has been highly praised by scholars, thus making "Listening to Ink" famous at home and abroad.

Li Yu loves Jamo in the Southern Tang Dynasty. I really appreciate Chao He Ting Xuan's outstanding contribution to ink painting. Chao was named the official of the ink, and the whole family was named "the surname of the country" Li, which was a high honor in the feudal society at that time.

Therefore, "Listening to the Ink", also known as Li Mo, was once famous all over the world. "Gold is easy to get, but Li Mo is hard to find". Li Mo is so delicate and precious that emperors and literati all over the ages cherish it as a treasure. Xi Tinggui's younger brother and his son both inherited the skills of making ink, and they also became masters of making ink. Xi Tingxuan's superb ink-making skills have been highly valued by later generations, forming a unique ink-making tradition in Zhangzhou. The inheritance and development of Xi Tingxuan ink-making technology has been passed down from generation to generation, with a history of 1000 years.