Reading of Dongpo’s anecdotes in classical Chinese

1. Reading of Su Dongpo’s anecdotes in classical Chinese

Su Dongpo’s anecdotes

Dongpo was punctual for Qiantang, and the people sued Shan Si ① If he is caught with a debt of 20,000 yuan, he will be punished He said: "It has been raining and cold for a long time. If you have a fan, please don't sell it, because you are not willing to pay for it." The Duke ordered twenty fans to be used, and he judged calligraphy, brush, grass, dead wood, bamboo and stone to pay for it. As soon as he went out, he took out a door with a thousand coins and spent all his money. So I paid my dues.

[Note] ① 4: Store. ②Judgment pen: The writing brush used to judge cases. ③Ring, cursive: running script, cursive script.

Translation: When Su Dongpo was the governor of Qiantang, a common man complained that the owner of a fan shop owed him 20,000 silver taels. When he caught (the boss), he said: "It has been raining and it is very cold. , and the fans can't be sold, it's not that they refuse to return them!" Dongpo ordered twenty fans to be brought, and he wrote random cursive and cursive scripts on the fans, and drew dead wood, bamboo and stone, etc., and then gave him the fans. As soon as the boss went out, someone sold the goods immediately for one thousand taels of silver. All the money he owed was returned. 2. Translation of Dongpo Anecdotes

When Su Shi was the governor of Qiantang, a commoner came to complain that a fan seller owed him 20,000 silver, so he arrested the fan seller. The fan seller said sadly: "It has been raining for a long time and the weather has been very cold. I have fans but I can't sell them. It's not that I refuse to repay my debt." Su Shi asked him to bring twenty fans and picked up the table. He casually wrote running and cursive characters with the brush he used when handling the case, and drew dead wood, bamboo and stones before handing them over to him. (Fan seller) As soon as he went out, people actually spent a thousand yuan to buy a fan. All the fans that could not be sold were sold out. Later, the fan seller also paid off all the money he owed.

Original text:

Dongpo was a timekeeper for Qiantang. When the people sued Fansi for a debt of 20,000 yuan, they caught him and said: "It has been raining for a long time and it is cold. If you have a fan, don't sell it, otherwise you won't be willing to pay for it. "The official ordered me to give him twenty fans, and I ordered him to use pens, grass, dead wood, bamboo and stone to pay for it. As soon as he went out, he took out a door with a thousand coins and spent all his money. So I paid my dues.

This article comes from "Anecdotes of Dongpo" by Su Shi of the Song Dynasty

Extended information

Writing background:

The end of "Anecdotes of Dongpo" You may use your strengths and abilities to help people in need. As a human being, you must learn to be flexible. In the second year of Jiayou's reign (1057), he became a Jinshi. Excluded were Zhongshusheren, Hanlin bachelor, Duanmingdian bachelor, and Minister of Rites. He once judged Hangzhou and knew Mizhou, Xuzhou, Huzhou, Yingzhou, etc. In the third year of Yuanfeng (1080), he was demoted to Huangzhou for slandering the new law. Later he was demoted to Huizhou and Danzhou. Emperor Huizong of Song Dynasty established and pardoned him. Died in Changzhou. Posthumous title Wenzhong. Erudite and talented, good at writing, good at poetry, calligraphy and painting.

Yu Ci is "bold and unrestrained, and doesn't like to cut it to suit the rhythm". It has rich themes and broad artistic conception, breaking through the traditional barriers of "ci is a colorful subject" since the late Tang, Five Dynasties and early Song Dynasty. He uses poetry as his lyrics. He created a bold and open school, which had a huge influence on later generations. There are "Seven Collections of Dongpo", "Dongpo Ci", "Dongpo Yi Zhuan", "Dongpo Yuefu" and so on.

Su Shi was born in Meishan, Meizhou, on December 19, the third year of Jingyou's reign (January 8, 1037), the reign of Emperor Renzong of the Song Dynasty. He was the successor of Su Weiwei, a minister of the early Tang Dynasty. Su Shi's father, Su Xun, is the "Su Laoquan" mentioned in the "Three Character Classic" who "started to work hard at twenty-seven." Although Su Xun started working late, he worked hard. Su Shi's name "Shi" originally means the handrail in front of the car, which means that he is unknown but indispensable in helping people in danger and rescue people. In the eighth year of Qingli (1048), Su Xun lost his father at home, so he studied in isolation and taught his knowledge and conduct to Su Shi and his youngest son Su Zhe. 3. Dongpo Anecdotes

1 The origin of "Dongpo Lay Scholar": In the third year of Yuanfeng (1081), Su Shi was demoted to Huangzhou (today's Huangzhou District, Huanggang City) because of the "Wutai Poetry Case" ), due to the embarrassment of life, he asked the prefect for a hillside land in the east of Huangzhou City, built three houses on the top of the mountain, and became a real farmer, calling himself "Dongpo Jushi".

In a poem to his friend Kong Pingzhong, he said: Last year, I picked up rubble on Dongpo and planted three hundred feet of yellow mulberry. This year the grass is cut and the snow hall is covered. The sun is scorching and the wind blows like ink on the face.

2 Reciting Poems and Going to a Banquet When Su Shi was twenty years old, he went to the capital to take a scientific examination. There were six arrogant people who looked down upon him and decided to invite Su Shi to a banquet with the intention of teasing him.

Su Shi went happily after accepting the invitation. Before taking the table and not using chopsticks, everyone proposed a drinking order. The content of the drinking order must quote historical figures and events, so that you can eat a plate of food alone.

The other five people cheered loudly. "I'll come first."

The older one said: "Jiang Ziya is fishing on the Weishui River!" After that, he took away a plate of fish. "Qin Shubao sells horses in Chang'an," the second man said proudly as he took away the horse meat.

"Su Ziqing shepherds sheep in Beihu," the third person took the mutton without showing any signs of weakness. "Zhang Yide sells meat in Zhuo County," the fourth one shouted anxiously, reaching out and grabbing the meat.

"Guan Yunchang scraped the bones in Jingzhou," the fifth one couldn't wait to snatch the bones. "Zhuge Liang grows vegetables in Longzhong," the sixth arrogantly picked up the last piece of vegetables.

After all the dishes were served, and the six people were happily preparing to eat and laugh at Su Shi, Su Shi calmly chanted: "Qin Shihuang annexed the six countries!" After saying this, he finished all six dishes. Bring it to yourself. 3 Su Shi "deceived" his teacher Su Shi to pass the Jinshi examination and wrote a great article in the Spring and Autumn Period called "On Punishment and Rewards, Honesty and Honesty". There is a passage in it as follows: In the time of Yao, Gao Tao was a scholar and he was going to kill someone. Gao Tao said, "Kill." "Three of the three", Yao said "the three of pardon", so the world was afraid of Gaotao's firmness in enforcing the law, but was happy about Yao's lenient punishment.

Siyue said, "Gun can use it." Yao said, "No, Gun ordered the tribe." After that, he said, "Try it." How could Yao not listen to Gao Tao's murder, but follow the four mountains and use Gun? However, the meaning of the saint can also be seen.

Examiner Mei Sheng was amazed by Su Shi's article, but he was not sure about the above text. When Su Shi paid a visit to him, Mei asked about the source of the conversation between Yao and Gao Tao.

Su Shi smiled and replied: "Of course." In fact, the above allusion comes from the "Book of Rites" and happened to Zhou Gong. Su Shi remembered Yao during the exam, but he actually fooled his teacher Mei Sheng.

4 The origin of "Dongpo Pork": When Su Shi was demoted to Huangzhou, he wrote the famous limerick "Ode to Pork": "Huangzhou has good pork, but the price is like dirt. The rich refuse to eat it. The poor don't know how to cook.

Slow down the fire and add less water. It will be beautiful when the heat is sufficient. Make a bowl of it every day and don't worry about it. ”

"Slow fire, use less water, and when the heat is sufficient, it will be beautiful" is the famous Dongpo Pork cooking method. Su Dongpo later served as the governor of Hangzhou, built Su dikes and promoted water conservancy, and was deeply loved by the people.

And this "Dongpo Pork" also became famous in Hangzhou and became a famous local dish. 5 Check out Su Shi lived in Changzhou in his later years. He spent his last savings and bought a house. He was about to move in at a certain date. By chance, he heard an old woman crying very sadly.

He asked the old woman why she was crying. The old woman said that she had a house that had been passed down for hundreds of years and was sold by unscrupulous descendants, so she was crying sadly. After careful questioning, it turned out that the house Su Shi bought was the ancestral house that the old woman said.

So Su Shi said to her: "I sold my former residence. There is no need to feel deeply sad. I should give this house back to me now." Su Shi immediately burned the deed of the house and only rented a house to live in.

In July of this year, his guest died in the rented house. (See "Liangxi Manzhi" by Fei Gun of the Song Dynasty) 6 When Su Shi of Dongpo Chibi was in Huangzhou, he had a lot of free time, so he wrote poems and traveled around. He wrote a lot of masterpieces such as "Linjiang Immortal", "Bu Shuzi: Works from Dinghuiyuan Residence in Huangzhou" " and so on were written during this period.

"Niannujiao" written by Su Shi when he visited Red Cliff in Huangzhou has become an eternal poem. However, although Su Shi was very knowledgeable, he made a geographical mistake. The Red Cliff of the Three Kingdoms is in the upper reaches of Wuhan, while the Red Cliff of Huangzhou is in the lower reaches of Wuhan. This Red Cliff is not the other Red Cliff.

However, it is wrong to make a mistake. The Red Cliff inscribed by Su Shi is now called Dongpo Red Cliff. "Niannujiao: Nostalgia for the Ancients in Red Cliff" The great river goes eastward, the waves are gone, and the romantic figures of the ages are revealed.

To the west of the fortress, the humane way is, Chibi, Zhou Lang of the Three Kingdoms. Rocks pierced through the sky, stormy waves crashed onto the shore, and thousands of piles of snow were rolled up.

The country is picturesque, and there are many heroes at one time. I recall Gong Jin’s time when Xiao Qiao was married for the first time and looked majestic and handsome.

Feather fan and silk scarf, while talking and laughing, the rapist was wiped out in ashes. My motherland wanders in my mind, I should laugh at my passion, and I will be born early.

Life is like a dream, a bottle of wine can return the moon to the river. 7 Su Shi and Foyin Legend has it that once, Su Shi and Foyin took a boat trip to Slender West Lake. Master Foyin took out a fan with poems by Dongpo layman, threw it into the river, and said: "The flow of Dongpo's poems (corpse) !" At that time, Su Shi quickly pointed to the dog chewing bones on the river bank and chanted: "The dog is chewing the bones on the river!" After that, the two looked at each other and smiled.

With nothing to do, Su Shi went to Jinshan Temple to visit Master Foyin. Unexpectedly, the master was not there, and a young novice came to open the door. Su Shi said proudly: "Where is the bald donkey?".

The little novice monk pointed calmly into the distance and replied: "Eat grass on Dongpo!" Once, Su Shi wanted to use the word "bird" to make a joke about the Buddha's seal. He said: Ancient poets often used the word "bird" to make a joke. "It is the opposite of "monk" in poetry. For example: I heard a woodpecker, and I suspected it was a monk knocking on my door. Another example: The bird stayed in the tree beside the pond, and the monk knocked on the door under the moon.

Foyin replied: This is the reason why I sit opposite you as a monk. 8 The Roar of the Lion in Hedong Chen Jichang was a friend of Su Shi. Su Shi once wrote a poem saying that Chen Jichang was afraid of his wife: The layman Longqiu was also pitiful, and he stayed up all night with empty talk.

Suddenly I heard the roar of a lion from the east of the river, and I felt confused when I leaned on my stick and fell to the ground. Because of this poem, "Hedong Lion's Roar" became the code name for henpecked.

9 Poems about Missing His Wife Su Shi’s first wife Wang Fu died of illness at the age of 26. On the tenth anniversary of Wang Fu’s death, Su Shi wrote two poems to express his grief: In ten years, life and death are blurred. If you don’t think about it, you will never forget it. Thousands of miles of lonely tomb, nowhere to say desolation.

Even if we meet each other, we should not recognize each other, our face will be covered with dust and our temples will be like frost. At night, the dream returns home suddenly.

In the small window, I am dressing up. They looked at each other without words, only a thousand lines of tears.

It is expected that the broken part of the intestines will be cut off every year, on a bright moonlit night, there will be short pines. 10 He had a deep relationship with his disciple Su Shi and his younger brother Ziyou. When he was in Mizhou, thinking of his younger brother who could not see him, he wrote what is recognized as the best Mid-Autumn Festival poem.

Later, this poem was mostly used to describe the feelings between lovers: Bingchenzhong, the water tune singer. 4. Translation of Dongpo’s Anecdotes

1. Translation

When Su Shi was the governor of Qiantang, a commoner came to complain that a fan seller owed him twenty thousand silver, so he The fan seller was arrested. The fan seller said sadly: "It has been raining for a long time, and the weather has been very cold. I have fans but can't sell them. It's not that I refuse to repay my debt." Su Shi told him to take two coins When Ten Fans came over, they picked up the writing brush on the table and wrote casually in running and cursive scripts. They also drew dry stones and bamboo stones and handed them over to him. (Fan seller) As soon as he went out, people actually spent a thousand yuan to buy a fan. All the fans that could not be sold were sold out. Later, the fan seller also paid off all the money he owed.

2. Original text

Dongpo was a timekeeper for Qiantang. When the people sued the fan shop for a debt of 20,000 yuan, they caught him and said: "It has been raining for a long time and it is cold. If you have a fan, don't sell it. He refused to repay. "The official ordered him to fan twenty people, and he ordered the pens and brushes to be used as a reward." As soon as he went out, he took out a door with a thousand coins and spent all his money. So I paid my dues.

3. Introduction to the author

Su Shi (1037-1101), a writer, calligrapher and painter in the Northern Song Dynasty. His given name was Zizhan, also given the name Hezhong, and his nickname was Dongpo Jushi. Han nationality, from Meishan, Meizhou (now part of Sichuan). Together with his father Su Xun and his younger brother Su Zhe, they are collectively known as Sansu. He is an all-rounder in literature and art. His writing is unbridled, clear and fluent. Together with Ouyang Xiu, he is called Ou Su, and he is one of the eight great masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties. His poems are fresh and vigorous, good at using exaggerated metaphors, and has a unique style in artistic expression. Together with Huang Tingjian, he is called Su Huang. He was a bold and unrestrained school and had great influence on future generations. Together with Xin Qiji, he was called Su Xin. He was good at calligraphy in running script and regular script. He was able to create his own ideas. His brushwork was rich and ups and downs, and he had an innocent taste. Together with Huang Tingjian, Mi Fu and Cai Xiang, he was called the Fourth Song Dynasty. He is a scholar of painting and literature, he likes to paint dead trees and strange rocks, and he advocates spiritual resemblance in painting. Poems include "Dongpo Seven Collections", etc., and lyrics include "Dongpo Yuefu" and so on. 5. Translation of Dongpo's anecdotes

Original text

Dongpo was ① a punctual person in Qiantang, and the people sued Shan Si ② a man with a debt of 20,000 yuan, when he was caught, he said: "It has been raining for a long time and it is cold. If you have a fan, don't sell it, otherwise you won't be willing to pay for it. "The official ordered me to give twenty fans, and I ordered them to be used as pens, grass, dead wood, bamboo and stones. As soon as he went out, he took out a door with a thousand coins and spent all his money. Then he fully paid what he had owed ⑤.

Edit the comments for this paragraph

① means: responsible. ②4: Shop. ③Judgment pen: The writing brush used to judge cases. ④Ring, cursive: running script, cursive script. ⑤ Negative: owe.

Edit the translation of this paragraph

When Su Shi was the governor of Qiantang, a commoner came to complain that a fan seller owed him 20,000 silver, and he caught the fan seller. He said, "It's been raining all the time. If I can't sell any fans, it's not because I won't repay them." Su Shi asked him to bring twenty fans, and he took the judgment on the table and wrote it in running script and cursive script. And he painted dry stones and bamboo stones and delivered them to him. Just after I went out, people bought fans for one thousand yuan, and all the fans they bought were sold out. So he also paid off all the money he owed.

Inspiration for editing this paragraph

Use your strengths as much as possible and use your abilities to help people in need

Give some points 6. Dongpo The original text of the anecdote

Dongpo was ① Qiantang punctual, and the people sued the fan shop ② He was in debt of 20,000 yuan. When he was caught, he said: "It has been raining for a long time and it is cold. If you have a fan, you can't sell it, otherwise you will not refuse to pay. "The public ordered ④ to use twenty fans, and ⑤ to use pens to draw ⑥ lines, grass, dead wood, bamboo and stone at will. As soon as he went out, he took out a door with a thousand coins and spent all his money. Then he paid all his debts. ①For: Responsible for.

②4: Shop.

③Yu: It rains, the famous work is used

④Yi: handle

⑤Judging pen: The writing brush used to judge cases.

⑥Xing, Cao: running script, cursive script

⑦Xi: All

⑧Negative: owe. When Su Shi was the governor of Qiantang, a commoner came to complain that a fan seller owed him 20,000 silver, so he arrested the fan seller. The fan seller said sadly: "It has been raining for a long time. The weather has been very cold, and I have fans but I can’t sell them. It’s not that (I) refuse to repay my debt.” Su Shi asked him to bring twenty fans, and then he picked up the writing brush on the table and wrote casually in cursive script. He painted the words on dry stones and bamboo stones and delivered them to him. (Fan seller) As soon as he went out, people actually spent 1,000 yuan to buy a fan. All the fans that could not be sold were sold out. Later, the fan seller also paid off all the money he owed. 7. Translation of Dongpo's anecdotes

1. The clever Su Xueshi

In "Warning Words" compiled by Feng Menglong, there is an article called "Wang Anshi's Three Difficulties for Su Xueshi", which writes These are a few short stories about Wang Anshi teaching Su Dongpo. There is one such story:

One day, Su Dongpo went to visit the Prime Minister Wang Anshi, and Wang Anshi happened to be out. Su Dongpo saw the draft of a chrysanthemum poem on Wang Anshi's desk, and then wrote the first two sentences:

The west wind passed through the garden last night, blowing down the yellow flowers and covering the ground with gold.

Su Dongpo thought: "West wind" is the autumn wind, and "yellow flowers" are chrysanthemums. Chrysanthemums are the most cold-resistant and durable. How can they be blown down by the autumn wind if they dare to fight against autumn frost? It is completely wrong to say that the west wind "brings down yellow flowers and covers the ground with gold". This Hanlin scholar, who was always proud of his talents and arrogant, did not care that Wang Anshi was his predecessor and superior. He picked up his pen and continued the poem with two lines:

Autumn flowers do not fall as much as spring flowers, and the poet recited them carefully.

After Wang Anshi came back, he read these two poems and felt very dissatisfied. In order to teach Su Dongpo a lesson with facts, he demoted Su Dongpo to deputy envoy of Huangzhou regiment training. Su Dongpo lived in Huangzhou for nearly a year. On the Double Ninth Festival in September, the strong wind had just subsided. Su Dongpo invited his friend Chen Jichang to the back garden to enjoy chrysanthemums. I saw chrysanthemums falling off their petals one after another, and the ground was covered with gold. At this time, he remembered the past of continuing the poem to Wang Anshi, and realized that he was wrong.

Please explain from the perspective of inductive reasoning what is wrong with Su Dongpo's continuation poem?

The clever Su Xueshi (answer)

From the perspective of inductive reasoning, Su Dongpo's continuation poem has the error of "hasty generalization". "Hasty generalization" is a logical error that easily occurs in the process of inductive reasoning. "Reckless generalization" is also called "generalizing from a partial point of view", which refers to drawing a general conclusion based on only a few individual facts, and treating this conclusion as an inevitable and undoubted conclusion.

The chrysanthemums Su Dongpo usually saw would only wither but not fall off their petals, so he came to the general conclusion that "all chrysanthemums in the world will not be blown off by the autumn wind" in conclusion. He used this positive judgment of the full name to evaluate Wang Anshi's chrysanthemum poems, and thought that Wang Anshi's poems were not written correctly. After he lived in Huangzhou for nearly a year, he realized that his conclusion was wrong. Because the chrysanthemums in Huangzhou will be blown down by the autumn wind. With this counterexample appearing, the general conclusion Su Dongpo drew through simple enumeration and induction cannot be established.