Fishing and Guangdong weather

location

Zhongshan City is located in the south-central part of Guangdong Province, at the mouth of the Pearl River. Geographical coordinates: east longitude of Zhongshan 1 13 9' 2 "to 1 13.

This data comes from Baidu map, and the final result is subject to Baidu map data.

46', latitude 2211'12 "to 22 46' 35". The whole city covers an area of 1.80 square kilometers, facing Shenzhen and Hong Kong across the sea in the east and 5 1 nautical mile from zhongshan port to Hong Kong. It is bordered by Zhuhai in the southeast, adjacent to Macau, and 60 kilometers from Shi Qi to Macau; West and southwest are adjacent to Jiangmen City, Xinhui City and Doumen County; The north and northwest are connected with Nansha District and Shunde City in Guangzhou; Ma 'an Island and Damao Island are located in the east and west of the city along the Pearl River Estuary.

topography

The terrain of Zhongshan City is like a clenched fist, long and narrow from north to south and short and narrow from east to west. Terrain configuration is divided into northern plain, central mountain and southern plain. The plain area accounts for about 68% of the city's area, the mountains account for 25%, and the rivers account for 7%. The city is surrounded by water on three sides, and its main waterways flow from northwest to southeast. More than 5,000 rivers and artificial irrigation and drainage channels are criss-crossed, interconnected and distributed in a radial fan shape with sharp corners as the apex. The topography of Zhongshan was formed on the basis of South China paraplatform after long-term climate change and wind and rain erosion. Now it is dominated by alluvial plains, with low hills and plateaus scattered among them. Zhongshan east zone

The basement of the plain is granite, which belongs to silting and floating origin. The city's plain covers an area of about 1242 square kilometers, which is divided into three major areas by low mountains and hills: the northern plain, starting from Zhangjiabian in the east, reaching Guzhen in the west, Huangpu in the north and near Shi Qi in the south, with an area of about 850 square kilometers, making it the widest plain in the city; The southern plain, also known as Jindouwan Plain, borders Zhuhai in the south and southeast, Modaomen Waterway in the southwest, and Wuguishan low hills and Baishuilin high hills in the north and northwest, covering an area of about 1 1O square kilometers, making it the second largest plain in the city. Southwest Plain, located on the east side of the middle reaches of Modaomen Waterway, covers an area of nearly 100 square kilometers, with low terrain, mostly below sea level and high groundwater level, which is a low-level soil distribution area in the city. Tidal flats are mainly distributed in the eastern coast, southwestern coast and river banks of the city, and some of them have crossed the outside of Hengmen, covering an area of about 150 square kilometers. The city's coast is 26 kilometers, close to the Lingdingyang area of the Pearl River Estuary, and most of them belong to the muddy coast. Due to the continuous downward deposition of alluvium and the continuous expansion of beach area, Xijiang River and Beijiang River estuary extend outward year by year, becoming a new alluvial plain. The hilly platform is located in the south of the central part of the city, covering an area of about 400 square kilometers. With Wugui Mountain as the main vein, it forms a low mountain and hilly platform with the surrounding mountains.

The elevation of the main body (3 pieces) of Sun Wen West Road Pedestrian Street is mostly between 100 and 300m, and there are more than 10 peaks over 300m. There are 9 mountain ranges in China, including Zhuoqi Mountain, Qishan Mountain, Changyao Longshan Mountain, Dajian Mountain, Nantai Mountain, Zhoudongkeng Mountain, Baiyunjing Mountain, Wugui Mountain and Feiyun Dongshan Mountain, among which Wugui Mountain is the highest, with an altitude of 53 1 meter. The mountains are continuous and majestic, and the southeast slope extends to Zhuhai city. Penny Mountain is located in the west of Wugui Mountain and reaches Modaomen Waterway in the west. Its area is smaller than Wugui Mountain, and its basement is mainly granite with strong weathering resistance. The mountain is steep, with five peaks over 300 meters, and the highest peak is Baishui Linda 473 meters. The low hills in Wugui Mountain and Penny Mountain are basically covered by vegetation; There are many trees and shrubs in the valley. On the periphery of mountainous hills, the height gradually decreases, and it is a vast hill and an obvious platform with the same height, mainly distributed in Shaxi, Zhangjiabian and other towns. The altitude of the platform is generally between 25 and 50 meters, and the weathered layer is thick. Most of the fruit gardens and dry fields have been developed, and the cultural and economic activities in the city are mainly concentrated in this area. Rural settlements and highway access are also related to the platform.

geology

The exposed strata in Zhongshan City are mainly Cenozoic Quaternary, with Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Proterozoic Sinian strata exposed sporadically in the north, middle and south. Cenozoic Quaternary is widely distributed in China, which can be divided into eluvial, alluvial, alluvial and marine deposits according to genetic types. The geological structure system belongs to the central Guangdong depression in the northern, northeastern and central Guangdong depression belts of South China fold bundle. The central Guangdong depression is divided into several uplift fault bundles, and Zhongshan is located in the southwest section of Zengcheng-Taishan uplift fault bundle. The fault structures in the city are developed, widely distributed and exposed obviously. According to its trend, it can be divided into northeast, northeast, northwest and east-west arrays. Fold structures, because sedimentary rocks are not exposed much, but also damaged by fault changes and magma intrusion, are mostly incomplete, with only two obvious groups: Shenwan fold and Yongmo fold. Mineral resources, due to the simple stratigraphic distribution, mineral resources are not rich. Solid combustible minerals: Peat soil is the only fuel mineral in Zhongshan, distributed in Zhangjiabian, with oil content of about 10% and some as high as 16% ~ 18%. The quality is good, but the reserve is only about 6.5438+0 million tons, the topsoil is thin and the mining cost is low, so it can be used for small-scale open-pit mining in some areas. Metal minerals include magnetite, wolframite and placer tin. Because of small reserves, low grade, scattered veins and low mining value. Building minerals: oyster shells, widely distributed in the northern delta plain, are not deeply buried, and the thickness can reach 2 to 4 meters. They are distributed in strips and layers, rich in calcium, and are one of the commonly used building materials in cities. Stone is mainly granite, mainly distributed in the hilly area of Wugui Mountain. Kaolin is mainly distributed around the city and at Zhangjiabian.

hydrology

The density of river network in Zhongshan City is one of the larger areas in China. Waterways and rivers receive water from the west and north rivers, and the water begins to rise in April every year, and gradually drops at 5438+00 in June, and the flood season lasts for more than half a year. Northeast is the Li Hongqi waterway of Beijiang River system; The middle part is the East China Sea Waterway, and the lower branches are the Jiya Waterway and Xiaolan Waterway, which merge into the Hengmen Waterway. The west is the main stream of Xijiang River, and it goes to sea at Modaomen. Huangpu Waterway and Huangshali communicate with each other, forming a criss-crossing river network. There are 289 tributaries in the city, with a total length of 977.438+0 km. The main waterways are Jiya Waterway, which connects Ronggui Waterway in the north, and Dongfeng and Fusha Town in the north on both banks. From the east coast to the north, it passes through nantou town, Maxinlianwei and Minsanliwei, joins Xiaolan Waterway at the southern end of the Great China Sea and flows into Hengmen Waterway, with a total length of 33 kilometers and a width of 200 to 300 meters. The waterway discharges the torrent of Xijiang River, and the two banks become flood control areas in Zhongshan City. Xiaolan Waterway is connected to Ma Ning Waterway in Shunde City in the north and flows into the urban area at Ying Ge Mouth. Both sides pass through Xiaolan, Tanbei and Port Town; The east coast passes through Dongfeng and Fusha Town, joins Jiya Waterway at Dananxu and flows into Hengmen Waterway to go to sea. The total length is 3 1 km and the width is 150 to 300 meters. The waterway discharges the upstream Xijiang flood, and the two banks become the main flood control areas in the city. Hengmen Waterway connects Xiaolan Waterway, Jiya Waterway and Shi Qi Waterway, passes through Zhangjiabian and Zhongshan Port Area, and flows out of the Pearl River Estuary through Hengmen. Total length 12km, width 800 ~1000 m. Huangshali is connected to Jiya Waterway in the west, flows eastward through the boundary between Huangpu and Sanjiao Town, and flows into Li Hongqi Waterway in Shatou, Shiji, with a total length of10km and a width of130 ~150m. It is the irrigation and drainage river of farmland in Huangpu Town, Sanjiao Town and Minzhong Town, and also the main flood drainage tributary of Jiya Waterway. Huangpu Waterway connects Jiya Waterway in the west and Li Hongqi Waterway in the east, with a total length of 1 1 km and a width of 100 to150m. It is the irrigation and drainage river of farmland in Huangpu and Nantou Town. Shiqi River passes through the city center, flows northeast through the border area between suburbs and Zhangjia, flows out of Donghekou Sluice and flows into Hengmen Waterway. From west to south, it passes through Huancheng District and Banfu Town, reaches Xihekou Sluice and exits Luozhoumen, with a total length of 46 kilometers and a width of 80 to 200 meters. Beitaixi originated in Wugui Mountain, between the wind-blown Luodai Peak and Meihua Dome. The trunk flows to the north and northwest, flows through Binglang Mountain and Shiying Bridge, turns west to Meihuakeng, flows out of Shiguta, Nankengkou, Ziniwan and other villages through manger, flows into Shi Qi through Beitai Bridge of Dadong Yangshan Guankouqi Highway, and flows around the northern foot of Huzhou Mountain. It is 23 kilometers long and 6 to 12 meters wide. The Dahuan River (small hidden surge) originates between the main peak of Wugui Mountain and the peak of Luodai, which is blown by the wind. The trunk flows to the north and northeast, and the water flowing through Huitongzi Pit in Daliao Village passes through Laowulin, exits the west fork, passes through Dahuan Village and flows into Hengmen Waterway. It is 25 kilometers long and 8 to 15 meters wide.

An atmosphere/scene

Zhongshan is located in the south of the Tropic of Cancer, on the northern edge of the tropics, with abundant sunshine, sufficient heat and warm climate. The solar radiation angle is large, and the temperature is high all year round. The annual solar radiation is 105.3 kcal/cm2, of which the scattered radiation is 57.7 kcal/cm2 and the average direct radiation is 45.5 kcal/cm2. The annual total solar radiation is the strongest in July, reaching 12kcal /cm2, and the weakest in February, only 5.6kcal /cm2. Sufficient illumination time, with high-yield light energy utilization potential. Average annual illumination 1843.5 hours, accounting for 42% of the annual illumination. The least annual light hours are from early February to early April, with an average of 2.8 hours per day, and the most are from July to 10, with an average of 6.7 hours per day. The climate is warm and suitable for planting all year round. The average temperature over the years is 265438 0.8℃. The interannual average temperature has not changed much. The hottest year is July, with an average daily temperature of 28.4℃. The coldest month is 65438+ 10, and the average daily temperature is 13.2℃. The frost-free period is long and the frost days are few, with an average of only 3.5 days per year. Under the regulation of ocean airflow, the climate change in winter is alleviated. Relative humidity and evaporation. The average relative humidity for many years is 83%, the maximum value is 86% of 1957, and the minimum value is 8 1% of 1977. In a year, it changes greatly from May to June, and changes little from 65438+February to 65438+1October. The annual average evaporation is 1448. 1mm, the maximum is 197 1 year is 1605. 1mm, and the minimum is 1965/kloc. Common disastrous weather includes freezing injury in winter and spring, typhoon in summer and autumn, rainstorm and flood, cold dew wind in autumn and winter, etc. Low temperature injury can be divided into dry cold and wet cold. Affected by the cold wave in the north, the air temperature will drop by more than 65,438+00℃ in 24 hours in June, 438+ 10 and February, and even frost will appear. Although the average annual low temperature is only 7 days, it poses a threat to potato, banana, pond fish and early seedling raising in winter, and is the main disaster of early rice. From June to early March, 5438, low temperature and rainy weather often appeared, and cold weather generally appeared in mid-March or later. Typhoon is the most serious disastrous weather. According to statistics, there are 3 to 7 typhoons that cause losses every year, with an average annual loss of 1.3. From July to September, typhoons hit the most. Rainstorms mostly occur from April to September, accounting for 90% of the annual rainstorms. The rainfall in the rainstorm flood season reached 1443.5mm, accounting for 82% of the total annual rainfall. Before and after the solar term of cold dew wind, from September 20th to1October 20th 10 every year, the daily average temperature is ≤23℃ and lasts for ≥3 days. From 1954, 70% of the years witnessed the cold dew wind.

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(1) solar energy resources. Over the years, the average total solar radiation reached 445 155.4 Joule/cm2, which is one of the regions with rich solar radiation resources in the province. (2) Water resources. Zhongshan is a water-rich area, with annual rainfall of 1.738 mm and precipitation of 2.91.800 million cubic meters. The total water volume of Modaomen, Hengmen and Li Hongqi, which flow through Xijiang and Beijiang rivers in this city, is149.7 million cubic meters, and the average water volume per mu is1257 million cubic meters. In addition, Zhongshan City is located in the coastal area, and tidal range can be used for irrigation and drainage. (3) Mineral resources. Zhongshan has a long history of geological development and frequent crustal changes, but the stratum distribution is relatively simple and lacks rich strata. The only proven and developed minerals are granite, sand and refractory clay. Among them, the stones are mainly biotite granite, biotite adamellite and granodiorite, which are widely distributed in the low mountains, hills and platforms of the city, with Wuguishan and Zhusongling having the most abundant reserves. Sand is mainly medium-coarse quartz sand, which is mainly distributed in Longxue and Xiasha coastal areas in the east of the city. Refractory clay is mainly distributed near Haotou Village in Torch Development Zone. (4) Animal and plant resources. The main activity places of large and medium-sized mammals in Zhongshan city are distributed in the low hills of Wugui Mountain and the high hills of Baishui Forest Mountain. The existing economic animals mainly include civet, crab-eating mongoose, leopard cat, southern fox, pangolin, rodents, various birds and snakes. Reptiles, amphibians, birds and rodents dominate the plain area; Aquatic animals include fish, crustaceans and many kinds of shellfish. The representative vegetation type is tropical monsoon forest evergreen monsoon forest. There are more than 6 10 species of plants belonging to 358 genera of 105 family, and the forest coverage rate is 12.95%. (5) Tourism resources. The famous scenic spots in Zhongshan City, the Wuguishan Mountains and the water towns in the south of the Pearl River Delta have formed a rich and colorful cultural and natural landscape. The main tourist attractions in the city are: Cuiheng Sun Yat-sen's former residence, Zhongshan Film and Television City, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall, Sun sun yat-sen memorial middle school, Sun Wen Memorial Park, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall, Wuguishan Xiaoyao Valley, Cuizhuyuan Drifting Paradise and Revolutionary Historical Base, Zimaling Park, Zhongshan Hot Spring, Yangtze River Reservoir Tourist Area, Sun Wen West Road Pedestrian Street, Hengmen Maritime Manor, Sanxiang Quanlin Tourist Villa, South Fujian Water Town, Fengben Agricultural Science and Technology Park, Dachong Zhuoqi Mountain Park, Yandun Shaguputa native products mainly include March Red Litchi, Shenwan Pineapple, Xiaolan Chrysanthemum Meat, Zhongshan Almond Cake, Shi Qi Pigeon, Yangtze Crispy Carp, Camellia Products, Sanxiang Seto Powder, Huangpu Sausage, etc.

Zhongshan is rich in folk arts, including Zhongshan folk songs, dragon dances, lion dances, crane and phoenix dances, floating colors at the cliff mouth and so on. Zhongshan is the hometown of folk songs. Popular folk songs include salty water songs, Gaotang songs, big sword songs, Hakka folk songs, crane songs, Gu Meige, fishing drums, dragon boats and children's songs in minor. Among them, Salt Water Song and Gaotang Song are the most distinctive. These two kinds of folk songs have a history of more than 300 years and are popular in Shatian District such as Tanzhou Town. Dragon dance in Zhongshan can be divided into eight categories: Long Mu, Dragon, Jinlong, Salon, Grass Dragon, Youlong, Ban Long and Yunlong. In 2006, Tanzhou Xianshui Song, Xiaolan Chrysanthemum Club and Shaxi Herbal Tea were included in the national intangible cultural heritage, and five folk art forms, such as Piaose in Nanlang Yakou, Baikou Lotus Folk Song in Wuguishan, Shaxi Crane Dance, Huangpu Unicorn Dance and Piaose in Huangpu, were included in the representative list of Guangdong intangible cultural heritage.