Introduce Zhao Zhouqiao to write a composition.

1. Please introduce Zhao Zhouqiao to me. Zhao Zhouqiao, also known as Anji Bridge, is located in the suburb of Zhao County, Hebei Province. It is the oldest and best-preserved giant stone arch bridge in the world, with a history of 1400 years, and is known as "one of the four treasures in North China".

It was built during the great cause of the Sui Dynasty by the famous craftsman Li Chun. With a length of 64.40 meters and a span of 37.02 meters, it is a single-hole open-shouldered stone arch bridge with the largest span and the earliest construction in the world.

Because the shoulders at both ends of the bridge have two small holes, which are not solid, it is called open shoulder type, which is a creation in the history of bridge building in the world (called full shoulder type or solid shoulder type without small arch). Zhao Zhouqiao was founded 1400 years ago, and experienced 10 floods, 8 wars and many earthquakes, especially 1966 Xingtai M7.6 earthquake. Xingtai is more than 40 kilometers away from here, and there is also an earthquake of magnitude 4.0. Zhao Zhouqiao was not damaged. Mao Yisheng, a famous bridge expert, said that no matter what the internal structure of the bridge is, only it can exist.

1963 The flood flooded the arch of the bridge. According to the local old man, standing on the bridge can feel the bridge body shaking greatly. According to records, Zhao Zhouqiao has been restored eight times since its establishment.

Adding two small arch coupons at the upper end of the main arch coupon can save materials, reduce the dead weight of the bridge (reduce the dead weight 15%) and increase the discharge of river water under the bridge. 1979 in may, a joint investigation team composed of four units, including the natural history group of China academy of sciences, investigated the bridge foundation in Zhao Zhouqiao. The weight of Zhao Zhouqiao is 2,800 tons, and its foundation is only a abutment with a height of 1.55 meters made of five layers of stones, which is directly built on natural sand and gravel.

Such a shallow bridge foundation is unbelievable. When Mr. Liang Sicheng inspected 1933, he thought that it was only a diamond wall to prevent water erosion, but not the foundation to bear the full load of the bridge ticket. In his report, he wrote: "In order to measure the coupon base, we dug at the foot of the coupon in the north, but now about 70-80 cm below the riverbed, that is, we found a stone wall lying flat under the coupon.

Stone * * * has five floors, and the height of * * * is1.58m. Each floor is slightly higher than the upper one, and there is no solid foundation below. It is obviously just a diamond wall used to prevent water erosion, not a foundation bearing the full load of bridge vouchers. Because water will be seen in another 30-40 cm, unless large-scale excavation is carried out, it is really impossible to reach the bridge foundation position that we speculate according to the theory. "

199 1 In September, Zhao Zhouqiao was selected as the 12 "International Civil Engineering Milestone" by the American Society of Civil Engineers, and a bronze statue of "International Civil Engineering Historical Monument" was built on the east side of the north end of the bridge. In order to protect Zhao Zhouqiao, the new bridge structure built at 100 meters east of Zhao Zhouqiao at the end of last century still uses Zhao Zhouqiao, but the number of small arches on the main arch is increased to five on one side.

[Design innovation]: (1) adopts the form of circular arch, which changes the tradition that most large stone bridges in China are semi-circular arches. The arches of ancient stone bridges in China are mostly semicircular, which are beautiful and complete, but they also have two defects: First, the traffic is inconvenient, and the semicircular arch is more suitable for small-span bridges, while the adoption of semicircular arch for long-span bridges will make the arch very high, resulting in steep bridges and inconvenient for pedestrians and cars to cross the bridge.

Second, the construction is unfavorable, and the scaffolding used for semi-circular arch stone masonry will be very high, which will increase the construction risk. To this end, Li Chun and craftsmen creatively adopted the form of circular arch, which greatly reduced the height of stone arch.

The net span of Zhao Zhouqiao's main span is 37. 02 meters, while the arch height is only 7.25 meters, and the arch height-span ratio is about 1:5. In this way, the dual purposes of low bridge deck and long span are realized, and the bridge deck transition is smooth, which is convenient for vehicles and pedestrians. It also has the advantages of saving materials and convenient construction. Of course, the thrust of the circular arches at both ends on the bridge foundation also increases accordingly, which puts forward higher requirements for the construction of the bridge foundation.

(2) adopt our shoulders. This is a major improvement made by Li Chun on the arch shoulder. The solid shoulder arch used in bridge construction is changed into an open shoulder arch, that is, two small arches are set at both ends of the big arch, and the clear distance between the small arch near the foot of the big arch is 3.8 meters, and the clear distance between the other arch is 2.8 meters.

This kind of open-shouldered arch with large arch and small arch has excellent technical performance. First of all, it can increase the flood discharge capacity and reduce the impact of flood on bridges caused by the increase of water volume in flood season. The flood potential of Gujiao River in flood season is great, which is a test for the flood discharge capacity of the bridge. Four small arches can share part of the flood. According to the calculation, four small arches can increase the water area by about 16%, greatly reduce the impact of flood on the bridge and improve the safety of the bridge.

Secondly, compared with solid shoulder arch, open shoulder arch can save a lot of earthwork materials and reduce the dead weight of the bridge. According to the calculation, four small arches can save 26 cubic meters of stone and reduce the dead weight by 700 tons, thus reducing the vertical pressure and horizontal thrust of abutment and bridge foundation on the bridge body and increasing the stability of the bridge. Third, it adds a beautiful shape. The four small arches are balanced and symmetrical, and the big arch and the small arch form a complete picture, which is lighter and more beautiful, reflecting the complete unity of architecture and art.

Fourthly, according to the theory of structural mechanics, the open-shouldered arch structure can make the bridge in a favorable state when bearing, reduce the deformation of the main arch ring and improve the bearing capacity and stability of the bridge. (3) Single hole.

In the traditional construction methods in ancient China, generally long bridges often take the form of multiple holes, so that each hole has a small span, a gentle slope and is easy to build. However, porous bridges also have disadvantages, such as many piers, which are not conducive to the navigation of ships and hinder flood discharge; The pier has been impacted and eroded by the current for a long time, and it is easy to collapse over time.

Therefore, when designing this bridge, Li Chun adopted the form of single hole and large span, and no pier was erected in the middle of the river, which made the stone arch span as long as 37 meters. This is an unprecedented initiative in the history of Chinese bridges.

[Creative Construction Technology]: (1) Reasonable selection of bridge site makes the bridge foundation stable. According to his rich practical experience for many years, after strict and careful exploration and comparison, Li Chun chose a relatively flat place on both sides of Jiaohe River to build the bridge. The stratum here is alluvial by rivers, and the surface of stratum is coarse sand layer washed by water, followed by fine stone, coarse stone, fine sand and clay layer.

According to modern calculation, the stratum here can bear the pressure of 4.5 to 6.6 kilograms per square centimeter, while the ground pressure in Zhao Zhouqiao is 5 to 6 kilograms per square centimeter, which can meet the requirements of bridges. After the bridge site is selected, the foundation and abutment are built on it. So far, the bridge foundation has only sunk 5 cm, indicating that the stratum here is very suitable for bridge construction.

(2) Zhao Zhouqiao's masonry method is new.

2. Give me an article about Zhao Zhouqiao. On the Weihe River in Zhao County, Hebei Province, there is a world-famous stone arch bridge named Anji Bridge, also known as Zhao Zhouqiao. It was designed and built by Li Chun, a stonemason in Sui Dynasty, and has a history of 1300 years.

Zhao Zhouqiao is very spectacular. The bridge is over 50 meters long and 9 meters wide, with horses in the middle and people on both sides. Such a long bridge, all made of stone, has no abutment below, only an arched bridge opening, which spans a river more than 37 meters wide. On the left and right sides of the ceiling of the bridge, there are also two small arched bridge opening. At ordinary times, the river flows through bridge opening. When there is a flood, the river can also flow through four Kobashiguchi. This design is a pioneering work in the history of bridge construction, which not only reduces the impact of running water on the bridge, makes the bridge not easy to be washed away by flood, but also reduces the weight of the bridge and saves stone.

This bridge is not only strong but also beautiful. There are stone fences on both sides of the bridge deck, and exquisite patterns are carved on the fence board: some are engraved with two intertwined dragons, with their front paws touching each other and looking back at each other; The others are engraved with dragon balls. All the dragons seem to be swimming as if they were alive.

Zhao Zhouqiao shows the wisdom and talent of the working people, which is a precious historical heritage of our country.

3. Write a composition modeled after Zhao Zhouqiao, and use Jinjiang Bridge to write a composition modeled after Zhao Zhouqiao.

My family lives on the Jiulong River. Jinjiang Bridge on the river is a suspension bridge, connecting Wujiao and Shima, and becoming a traffic artery.

Jinjiang Bridge is very beautiful and spectacular. The long bridge spans the north and south, drawing a beautiful arc between the blue sky and green water. Two thick piers emerged from the bottom of the river and extended into the air. The four red characters on the beam at the top of the pier, Jinjiang Bridge, are vigorous and powerful, which is particularly eye-catching.

Magnolia lampposts stand at both ends of the bridge, guarding it day and night like loyal soldiers. Stainless steel balls are cast on the railings on both sides of the bridge, which shine under the sunlight. There is a huge billboard hanging on the railing in the middle of the bridge, which reads "Bridge is the lifeblood, overweight is the curse", reminding people to take care of the bridge and always pay attention to safety. Vehicles come and go on the bridge, and pedestrians can hear the sound of "swishing".

The level under the bridge is like a mirror, and the river is flowing. Jinjiang Road in the south is picturesque and a good place for people to relax. There are many ships moored on the north shore. They are arranged in an orderly way. The huge sand carrier stopped in the middle of the river, as if being held tightly in her arms by mother Jiang, sleeping quietly in the afterglow of the sunset. ...

At night, all the lights on the bridge are on. Seen from a distance, the ever-flowing Jinjiang Bridge is a rainbow in the night sky.

Ah! Jinjiang Bridge not only connects us closely with the outside world, but also shows beautiful scenery with its slender figure. It brings convenience, comfort and beauty to our life.

4. Zhao Zhouqiao's commentary Zhao Zhouqiao, also known as Anji Bridge, was built by Li Chun, a famous craftsman, during the great cause of Sui Dynasty (AD 605-6 18). With a length of 64.40 meters and a span of 37.02 meters, it is a single-hole open-shouldered stone arch bridge with the largest span and the earliest construction in the world. Because the shoulders at both ends of the bridge have two small holes, which are not solid, it is called open shoulder type, which is a creation in the history of bridge building in the world (called full shoulder type or solid shoulder type without small arch).

Since 1400 years ago, Zhao Zhouqiao has experienced 10 floods, 8 wars and many earthquakes, especially 1966 Xingtai M7.6 earthquake. Xingtai is more than 40 kilometers away from here, and there is also a 4.0 earthquake here. Zhao Zhouqiao was not damaged. Mao Yisheng, a famous bridge expert, said that no matter what the internal structure of the bridge is, there can only be 65,433. 1963 The flood flooded the arch of the bridge. According to the local old man, standing on the bridge can feel the bridge body shaking greatly. According to records, Zhao Zhouqiao has been restored eight times since its establishment.

Adding two small arch coupons at the upper end of the main arch coupon can save materials, reduce the dead weight of the bridge (reduce the dead weight 15%) and increase the discharge of river water under the bridge.

1979 in may, a joint investigation team composed of four units, including the natural history group of China academy of sciences, investigated the bridge foundation in Zhao Zhouqiao. The weight of Zhao Zhouqiao is 2,800 tons, and its foundation is only a abutment with a height of 1.55 meters made of five layers of stones, which is directly built on natural sand and gravel.

Such a shallow bridge foundation is unbelievable. When Mr. Liang Sicheng inspected 1933, he thought that it was only a diamond wall to prevent water erosion, but not the foundation to bear the full load of the bridge ticket. He wrote in the report:

"In order to measure the coupon base, we dug at the foot of the coupon in the north, but now about 70-80 cm below the riverbed, that is, we found the stone wall lying flat under the coupon. Stone * * * has five floors, and the height of * * * is1.58m. Each floor is slightly higher than the upper one, and there is no solid foundation below. It is obviously just a diamond wall used to prevent water erosion, not a foundation bearing the full load of bridge vouchers. Because water will be seen in another 30-40 cm, unless it is excavated on a large scale, it is impossible to reach the bridge foundation position that we speculate according to theory. "

1991September, Zhao Zhouqiao was selected as the 12 "International Civil Engineering Milestone" by the American Society of Civil Engineers.

And in the east side of the northern end of the bridge, there is a bronze medal monument of "International Civil Engineering Historical Monument".

In order to protect Zhao Zhouqiao, the new bridge structure built at 100 meters east of Zhao Zhouqiao at the end of last century still uses Zhao Zhouqiao, but the number of small arches on the main arch is increased to five on one side.

5. Write an expository article about Zhao Zhouqiao Zhao Zhouqiao, which is very magnificent, with a total length of 50.82 meters, a width of 9.6 meters at both ends, a slight narrow middle and a width of 9 meters.

The design of the bridge completely conforms to scientific principles, and the construction technology is even more ingenious. Zhang said in the Tang dynasty that it was "made strangely, and people don't know why."

The characteristics of this bridge are: (1) The whole bridge has only one large arch, which is 37.4 meters long, and it was the longest stone arch in the world at that time. Bridge opening is not an ordinary semicircle, but like a bow, so there is no steep slope on the road above the big arch, which is convenient for horses and chariots to get up and down.

(2) A big arch has two small arches on each shoulder. This is a very creative design, which not only saves stones and reduces the weight of the bridge, but also increases the water flow in bridge opening and reduces the impact of floods on the bridge when the river surges.

At the same time, add an arch on the arch to make the bridge more beautiful. (3) The large arch consists of 28 arch rings, just like so many arch dragons with the same shape together, making an arc-shaped bridge opening.

Each arch ring can independently support its weight. If one arch ring is broken, the other arches will not be affected. (4) The structure of the whole bridge is symmetrical, which is in harmony with the surrounding scenery; The stone pillars and slabs on the bridge are also beautifully carved.

Zhang Kun of the Tang Dynasty said that looking at the bridge from a distance is like "the clouds rise at the beginning of the month, and Changhong draws a stream". Zhao Zhouqiao's superb technical level and immortal artistic value fully show the wisdom and strength of our working people.

Li Chun, the main designer of this bridge, is an outstanding craftsman, and his name is engraved on the inscription at the bridge head. These are some of its characteristics, which can also be used.

6. Description of visiting photos Zhao Zhouqiao wrote a 300-word composition. Tomb-Sweeping Day had a holiday, and we went to Zhao country's grandmother's house. The next day, the weather was fine and sunny. My father drove us to Zhao Zhouqiao, which is located in Wuli, south of Zhao County.

On the left and right sides of the entrance are the legendary Eight Immortals, including Zhang, He Xiangu, Cao Guojiu, Han Xiangzi, Lan Caihe and Han Zhongli. I took a photo with them as a souvenir, and then I went to see the real Zhao Zhouqiao. Excited, I ran up to observe this famous building carefully. I heard the tour guide say: Zhao Zhouqiao, also known as Anji Bridge, was designed by Li Chun, with a total length of 64.4 meters and a vault width of 9 meters. At that time, it was the longest stone arch bridge in the world This bridge has a history of 65,438+0,400 years. Bridge opening is not an ordinary semicircle, but like a bow.

Dragons are carved on the fenders, and there are traces left by Chai Wangye carts on the bridge deck. Zhao Zhouqiao fully embodies the diligence and wisdom of the ancient working people in China.

7. Write an explanatory article about Zhao Zhouqiao Zhao Zhouqiao, which is very grand, with a total length of 50.82 meters, a width of 9.6 meters at both ends, a slight narrow middle and a width of 9 meters. The design of the bridge completely conforms to scientific principles, and the construction technology is even more ingenious. Zhang said in the Tang dynasty that it was "made strangely, and people don't know why." The characteristics of this bridge are: (1) The whole bridge has only one large arch, which is 37.4 meters long, and it was the longest stone arch in the world at that time. Bridge opening is not an ordinary semicircle, but like a bow, so there is no steep slope on the road above the big arch, which is convenient for horses and chariots to get up and down. (2) A big arch has two small arches on each shoulder. This is a very creative design, which not only saves stones and reduces the weight of the bridge, but also increases the water flow in bridge opening and reduces the impact of floods on the bridge when the river surges. At the same time, add an arch on the arch to make the bridge more beautiful. (3) The large arch consists of 28 arch rings, just like so many arch dragons with the same shape together, making an arc-shaped bridge opening. Each arch ring can independently support its weight. If one arch ring is broken, the other arches will not be affected. (4) The structure of the whole bridge is symmetrical, which is in harmony with the surrounding scenery; The stone pillars and slabs on the bridge are also beautifully carved. Zhang Kun of the Tang Dynasty said that looking at the bridge from a distance is like "the clouds rise at the beginning of the month, and Changhong draws a stream". Zhao Zhouqiao's superb technical level and immortal artistic value fully show the wisdom and strength of our working people. Li Chun, the main designer of this bridge, is an outstanding craftsman, and his name is engraved on the inscription at the bridge head.

This is some of its characteristics and can also be used ~

8. Visit Zhao Zhouqiao's composition. Remember, oh, it's a tour, not an introduction. Visit Zhao Zhouqiao quickly.

My parents said that they would take me to Zhao Zhouqiao this Sunday to show me the earliest stone arch bridge in the world. So on Saturday, I used the evening time to look up Zhao Zhouqiao's information on the Internet and wrote it down in a small notebook, so that I can be a tour guide for my parents when I go tomorrow. On Sunday morning, my father drove, and along the way, I looked at the information recorded in my notebook and imagined the appearance of Zhao Zhouqiao. Soon the time was up. A gray, very old semicircle bridge appeared in front of me, and I thought, this is Zhao Zhouqiao. Mom and dad are here for the first time, too. Mother mumbled that this was Zhao Zhouqiao. Parked the car and the three of us started to visit Zhao Zhouqiao together. I skipped ahead and turned to my parents and said, "Mom and Dad, let me be a commentator in your!" ! Zhao Zhouqiao, also known as Anji Bridge, was built in the great cause of the Sui Dynasty (605-6 18) by the famous craftsman Li Chun. With a length of 64.40 meters and a span of 37.02 meters, it is a single-hole open-shouldered stone arch bridge with the largest span and the earliest construction in the world. Because there are two small holes in the shoulders at both ends of the bridge, it is unreal, so it is called open shoulder type, which is a miracle in the history of bridge building in the world. "I had said that, the tone is the same as endorsement. Mom and dad, listen carefully. After I finished, my father lifted me above my head and said happily, "Son, you are amazing, and you know more than your mother and I do!" " "My mother also changed her negative mood and patted me on the head and said," Son, I wasn't interested when I first saw the Broken Bridge. After hearing what you said, I realized that this is a miracle of the world! " I'm glad to hear the news. They don't know that I just looked it up online, just studying and selling. We walked slowly from one end of the bridge to the other in turn, and even let me have a look at the four big arches of the bridge. Because the construction time is too long, some bricks have become half, but they have added traces of time. There is almost no water under the bridge, which flows slowly like a stream. Father said it was rainwater collected by rain. My mother took pictures of us. Finally, our family took a group photo next to a boulder engraved with "Commemorating the completion of China Zhao Zhouqiao on 1400". My mother said that this photo should be developed and put in my room to remind me of this trip. How time flies! It's almost noon. We are ready to leave. In the car, I looked back at Zhao Zhouqiao, who was drifting away. It stood there, like an old man bending down to pick things up, very quiet. I hope the photos can be developed immediately! I will keep a diary according to Zhao Zhouqiao I saw today, and remember how great our people are. I will learn from them and be a useful person when I grow up!