Wenchuan earthquake composition

Thinking and Enlightenment from Wenchuan Earthquake in Sichuan Province

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Reflection on Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan and its enlightenment

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The sadness brought by the Wenchuan earthquake three days ago still hangs over everyone's mind. This terrible earthquake claimed 14866 innocent lives. Let's pray for those survivors.

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Three days after the earthquake, 14866 people died, including Sichuan 14463 people, Gansu 280 people, Shaanxi 106 people, Chongqing 14 people, Henan 2 people and Yunnan/kloc-0 people. There are more survivors waiting for rescue in the ruins.

The 7.8 earthquake caused such great losses that people had to face the terrible devil of "earthquake" again. Most people may be filled with fear at the thought of an earthquake. Let's calm down and treat it with rational thinking. Only in this way can we protect ourselves better when an earthquake happens. I am doing this article here to introduce the knowledge of earthquakes.

One: the cause of the earthquake

Tectonic earthquake means that under the action of tectonic movement, when the local stress reaches and exceeds the strength limit of rock stratum, the rock stratum will suddenly deform or even rupture, and the energy will be released at once, causing ground motion. This kind of earthquake is called tectonic earthquake, accounting for more than 90% of the total number of earthquakes.

Volcanic earthquake refers to an earthquake that occurs in the deep underground due to the fracture or collapse of the overlying strata due to the loss of a large amount of magma, the reduction of underground pressure or the lack of time to replenish magma. The number of such earthquakes is small, accounting for only about 7% of the total number of earthquakes.

Collapse earthquake is a local earthquake caused by underground cave or goaf collapse. Collapse earthquakes are all the results of gravity, with small scale and low frequency, accounting for only about 3% of the total number of earthquakes.

Artificial earthquakes and induced earthquakes are earthquakes caused by artificial blasting, mining, military construction and underground nuclear tests. Earthquakes caused by human production activities Some fault activities are called induced earthquakes, mainly including reservoir earthquakes, deep well pumping and water injection induced earthquakes, nuclear tests induced earthquakes, and mining activities and irrigation can also induce earthquakes. Since the storage of Xinfengjiang Reservoir in Guangdong Province in June 1959+00, 337 earthquakes have been recorded by the end of June 1987, among which an earthquake with magnitude of 6. 1 occurred in June/962, resulting in cracks 82 meters long in the concrete dam.

Second, the scope of earthquakes in China and earthquakes in previous years.

China is located between the Pacific Rim seismic belt and the Eurasian seismic belt, squeezed by the Pacific plate, the Indian plate and the Philippine Sea plate, and the seismic fault zone is very developed. Since the 20th century, there have been nearly 800 earthquakes of magnitude 6 or above in China, which are distributed in all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities except Guizhou and Zhejiang provinces and Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.

China is a country with severe earthquake disasters because of its high frequency, high intensity, shallow focal point and wide distribution. Since 1900, the number of earthquake deaths in China has reached 550,000, accounting for 53% of the global earthquake deaths; Since 1949, destructive earthquakes have occurred in 22 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) 100 times, including the eastern region 14 provinces, resulting in more than 270,000 deaths, accounting for 54% of all kinds of disaster deaths in China, with an earthquake-affected area of more than 300,000 square kilometers and 7 million houses collapsed. The severity of natural disasters such as earthquakes is one of the basic national conditions in China.

The seismic activity in China is mainly distributed in 23 seismic zones in five regions. These five areas are: ① Taiwan Province Province and its adjacent waters; (2) Southwest China, mainly Tibet, western Sichuan and central and western Yunnan; (3) Northwest China, mainly distributed in Hexi Corridor of Gansu, Qinghai and Ningxia and the foothills of Tianshan Mountain; ④ North China, mainly located on both sides of Taihang Mountain, Wei Fen Valley, Yinshan-Yanshan area, Luzhong and Bohai Bay; ⑤ Southeast coastal areas such as Guangdong and Fujian. Taiwan Province province in China is located in the Pacific Rim seismic belt, Tibet, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Sichuan and Qinghai provinces are located in the Himalayan-Mediterranean seismic belt, and other provinces are located in related seismic belts. The distribution of China's seismic zones is an important basis for formulating key earthquake monitoring and defense areas in China.

Xingtai earthquake in Hebei province

1966 From March 8 to 29, earthquakes of magnitude 6 and 7 occurred several times in succession. The first earthquake occurred in the east of Longyao County in Xingtai area, with a magnitude of 6.8. Since then, five earthquakes of magnitude 6 have occurred, with magnitude 7.2 occurring in the southeast of Ningjin County on the 22nd as the largest. Due to the loose soil, high groundwater level and ancient rivers in the disaster area, the earthquake caused serious damage and extensive losses. The 6.8 earthquake affected 142 counties and cities, and the 7.2 earthquake damaged 136 counties and cities. It feels like Duolun in Inner Mongolia in the north, Yantai in the east, Nanjing in the south and Tongchuan in the west. The earthquake * * * killed 8 182 people, injured 5 1395 people, damaged more than 4 million houses and damaged 86 bridges. There were * * accidents and fires 1 15 in the disaster area, with 16 people killed, 26 people burned and simple houses 153 rooms burned. There are more than 300 landslides in the western mountainous areas of Xingtai, Jingxing and Wu 'an, and 22 fires caused by landslides and flying stones burned 80 hectares of mountains. Ground fissures, sand erosion and water erosion are common, extending intermittently from tens of meters to several kilometers. The maximum width of the ground fissure is 2m. It is common for wells to rise or overflow. Several bridges on the Fuyang River were seriously damaged. The deck of Aixinzhuang Bridge moved southward, with a distance of 0/.8 meters from pier/kloc-0, which caused traffic disruption. The earthquake affected a wide area. A generator trip occurred in Hezhuo County, Tianjin, causing a short power outage. The western part of Shijiazhuang and Xiyang, Shanxi Province were also damaged to a higher degree. The State Council attached great importance to Xingtai earthquake, and sent local troops to the disaster area for rescue. All parts of the country vigorously supported the disaster areas and sent medical teams to support a large number of food and relief materials. On March 9, Premier Zhou Enlai braved the danger of the earthquake and listened to the disaster report and relief situation in Longyao County, the earthquake-stricken area, and expressed condolences to the people in the disaster area. After the earthquake, 94 medical teams were stationed in the disaster area, with 7 1 15 medical personnel.

Yunnan Daguan earthquake

1974 May165438+1October, an earthquake of magnitude 7. 1 occurred in Daguan. The earthquake was felt strongly in most parts of Sichuan Basin. The sensing area is about 400,000 square kilometers. The earthquake caused 1423 deaths and 1600 injuries. More than 66,000 houses were damaged, of which more than 28,000 collapsed, and the damaged area of houses was about 2,300 square kilometers. In the earthquake zone, the wooden frame of the wooden house was not damaged, but most of the earth walls and stone walls collapsed, and most of the earth beam houses and Mao Liang Shi houses collapsed or were leveled. The earthquake also caused landslides and ground fissures on the hillside, destroying roads, farmland, canals and buried farmhouses. The largest landslide front rushed to the other side of the river, forming a dam about 30 meters high, blocking water and forming a lake.

Liaoning Haicheng earthquake

1On February 4th, 975, an earthquake of magnitude 7.3 occurred in Haicheng. The earthquake zone covers an area of 760 square kilometers. The earthquake occurred in densely populated and industrially developed areas, and it was the largest earthquake in the history of this area. Due to the earthquake prediction of China Earthquake Department, the local government took effective earthquake prevention measures in time, which greatly reduced the earthquake disaster. Except for buildings and other engineering structures, most people evacuated their houses during the earthquake, and casualties were greatly reduced. The total number of casualties was 29,579, accounting for 0.32% of the total population, of which 204 1 person died, accounting for 0.02% of the total population. Most of the casualties are old, weak, sick and disabled children and disobedient people. Pingping? 000 square meters, public facilities damaged 6.5438+0.65 million square meters, rural houses damaged 6.5438+0.74 million square meters, urban and rural transportation and water conservancy facilities damaged 2,937 places, and various equipment and materials were also seriously damaged, totaling about 865.438+0 billion yuan. The diameter of the ground sand blasting hole is 2.5 meters. There is an earthquake fault with a length of about 5.5 kilometers and a crack width of 40 meters. The damaged area of Yingkou accounts for 53. 1% of the total area of the city. After the earthquake, disaster relief work was carried out in time. The People's Liberation Army dispatched more than 35,000 people,165,438+073 vehicles and 12 aircraft to participate in the disaster relief. The number of medical teams sent to the disaster area reached 10 1, with 3480 personnel. Water supply repair two days after the earthquake; In February and July, all the disaster areas resumed power supply. The victims spent the Spring Festival in a "three-proof" simple room. A month later, transportation and industrial and agricultural production basically resumed. The success of Haicheng earthquake prediction has achieved great social and economic benefits. It is speculated that if there is no forecast, the casualties will reach about 65.438+0.5 million, and the economic loss will exceed 5 billion yuan.

Yunnan Longling earthquake

1On May 29th, 976, two strong earthquakes occurred in Longling County, western Yunnan. The first time occurred at 20: 23: 18 seconds with a magnitude of 7.3, and the second time occurred at 22: 00: 23 seconds with a magnitude of 7.4. This earthquake belongs to the earthquake swarm type. Aftershocks have high activity and intensity. Every earthquake has two polar regions. From May 29th to the end of the year, a total of 2,477 earthquakes of magnitude 3 or above were recorded, including 4.7 and 5.9 earthquakes 19, and 6.2, 7.3 and 7.4 earthquakes 1 time. The earthquake caused different degrees of losses to 9 counties in Baoshan, Lincang and Dehong Autonomous Prefecture. 98 people were killed, 45 1 person was seriously injured, and 420,000 houses were damaged by the collapse. The affected area is about 1883 square kilometers. The landslide caused by the earthquake also caused serious losses. The landslide destroyed rural houses 180 rooms, paddy fields, pastures and forest tea gardens of nearly 3,900 hectares, washed away 26 channels 11seat, washed away hydropower stations1seat with an installed capacity of 240 kilowatts, and 3 hydropower stations with an installed capacity of less than 20 kilowatts. 185 km road was destroyed, and the landslide amount reached 780,000 cubic meters. Longling earthquake experienced the process of short-term imminent earthquake prediction, and corresponding earthquake prevention measures were taken before the earthquake. Shallow collapse and landslide is a typical phenomenon of this earthquake.

Hebei Tangshan earthquake

1On July 28th, 976, an earthquake of magnitude 7.8 occurred in Tangshan. The epicenter of the earthquake is located in Tangshan city. This is a rare urban earthquake disaster in the history of China. In an instant, the urbanization of millions of people was in ruins, and people's lives and property and state property suffered heavy losses. Beijing and Tianjin were severely affected. The damaged area of the earthquake is more than 30,000 square kilometers, and the felt area is as much as 14 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, which is equivalent to13 of the national area. The earthquake happened in the middle of the night, and 80% people in the urban area had no time to react and were buried under the rubble. The earthquake zone includes 47 square kilometers on the north and south sides of Jingshan Railway. Almost all the buildings in this area have disappeared. An 8-kilometer-long and 30-meter-wide ground fissure zone crosses fences, houses, roads and canals. In the earthquake zone and its surrounding areas, there are a large number of broken zones, water blasting, blowout, gravity collapse, rolling stones, slope collapse, ground landslide, foundation settlement, cave collapse, goaf collapse and so on. The earthquake * * * caused 242,000 deaths,164,000 people were seriously injured, and in Tangshan alone, 1700 people were permanently disabled. 65.438+04.79 million square meters of public houses were destroyed and 5.3 million houses collapsed; The direct economic loss reached 5.4 billion yuan. Lifeline projects such as water supply, power supply, communication and transportation in the city were all destroyed, all industrial and mining enterprises stopped working, and all hospitals and medical facilities were destroyed. Seven passenger cars and oil tankers derailed in the earthquake. Two large highway bridges on the Jiyun Canal and Luanhe River collapsed, cutting off the road traffic between Tangshan and Tianjin and the outside of the customs. The buildings, structures and water wells of urban water supply network and waterworks were seriously damaged. The ground buildings and structures in Kailuan Coal Mine collapsed or were seriously damaged, and the underground production was interrupted, and nearly 10,000 workers were trapped underground. Tangshan iron and steel company was severely damaged and forced to stop production, and molten steel and molten iron solidified in the furnace. The dams of three large reservoirs and two medium-sized reservoirs collapsed and cracked, and the wave walls collapsed. 240 small reservoirs in 4 10 were damaged. There are 60,000 motor wells with siltation and tube dislocation, accounting for 67% of the total. There are more than 33,000 hectares of sand-pressing cultivated land and 47,000 hectares of salt water flooded land. Destroy more than 55,000 sets (pieces) of agricultural machinery. 36,000 large livestock and more than 442,000 pigs were killed. The environmental sanitation in Tangshan city and its nearby disaster-stricken counties has deteriorated sharply, and the incidence of intestinal infectious diseases is particularly prominent. After the earthquake, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council quickly set up an earthquake relief headquarters. Rescue teams and materials from the People's Liberation Army and other parts of the country flocked to Tangshan and launched unprecedented intense disaster relief work, which timely controlled the disaster and reduced casualties. Of the 600,000 people buried in the urban area, 300,000 saved themselves. The PLA troops dispatched nearly 6.5438+0.5 million people. Tangshan Airport takes off and lands 390 flights every day. More than 3,000 people in Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan Power Grid form an electric emergency repair team. More than 20,000 medical personnel from 13 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, the People's Liberation Army and the railway system have formed nearly 300 medical teams and epidemic prevention teams. The seriously injured were airlifted to other provinces and cities for treatment, with 474 flights by plane and 90 flights by helicopter; * * * 159 health special train opened. Governments at all levels have solved the problems of drinking water, eating and dressing for the masses in time. The work of rebuilding our homeland began at the end of 1976 and at 1978. 10 years later, a thriving new Tangshan appeared in China.

Sichuan Songpan-Pingwu earthquake

On August 1976 and 16, an earthquake of magnitude 7.2 occurred between Songpan and Pingwu. The earthquake was a swarm type, with a magnitude of 6.7 on the 22nd and a magnitude of 7.2 on the 23rd after the main earthquake. The earthquake felt a wide range, starting from Gao Tai, Gansu Province in the west, reaching Kunming in the west, Hohhot in the north and Changsha in the east, with a maximum radius of 1 150 km. After the earthquake, heavy rain caused landslides, falling rocks and mudslides. , causing serious damage to farmland, roads, river beds, etc. , communication is interrupted. /kloc-More than 0/100,000 hectares of cultivated land were destroyed, resulting in food losses of 5 million kilograms and the death of more than 2,000 livestock. The earthquake happened in a sparsely populated mountainous area. In addition, there were predictions before the earthquake and evacuation measures were taken. So there were only more than 800 casualties, including more than 600 minor injuries. Most of them are caused by secondary disasters such as mudslides, landslides and rolling stones after the earthquake. Governments at all levels in Sichuan Province set up earthquake prevention and disaster relief headquarters before the earthquake, requiring all departments to make preparations in all aspects. After the earthquake, affected by the Tangshan earthquake, people in Chengdu and its nearby areas had a serious fear of the earthquake, resulting in panic, escape, relocation, jumping off buildings and other phenomena, which had an impact on social life. At the same time, rumors of the earthquake spread everywhere, and people's hearts floated, which aggravated social unrest and led to the closure of schools, shops, factories and mines.

Shangyi earthquake in Hebei province

1998 65438+ 10/150, an earthquake of magnitude 6.2 occurred east of Shangyi, causing serious casualties and economic losses, which was the most serious earthquake disaster in Chinese mainland that year. The earthquake-stricken areas involve Zhangbei, Shangyi, Wanquan and Kangding counties 19 townships with a population of nearly170,000. The earthquake killed 49 people and injured 1 1439 people, of which 362 were seriously injured, accounting for 83.9% of the national total. Due to the unreasonable structure and site selection of local residents' houses, the building quality and seismic performance are not strong, and some houses have been dilapidated. Therefore, the house was seriously damaged, with the damaged area reaching more than 6.5 million square meters, of which 6.5438+0.754 million square meters were completely destroyed. The direct economic loss of the earthquake was as high as 794 million yuan, accounting for 44.6% of the total in that year. The direct economic loss of Gaotian Town, Datong, Shanxi, which is adjacent to the county, also reached 5.879 million yuan. After the earthquake, the government and all parties invested 836 million yuan in disaster relief.

Three: earthquake prediction.

In fact, we can't blame the relevant departments for not predicting the Wenchuan earthquake in time. Earthquake prediction is a big problem all over the world. Although it is difficult to predict, we can judge whether an earthquake will happen according to some natural phenomena. For example, the change of groundwater suddenly rises or falls or changes its taste, becomes turbid, makes a sound and bubbles. Meteorological changes, such as sudden cold weather, sudden heat, drought and flood, electromagnetic field changes, abnormal reactions of animals and plants before earthquakes, etc. Through the comprehensive study of these reactions, coupled with the processing and analysis of observation data by professional departments from the aspects of earthquake mechanism, seismogeology, geophysics, geochemistry, biological changes, celestial influence and meteorological anomalies, the time, place and magnitude of earthquakes can be predicted. Seeing these phenomena, residents in earthquake areas should be vigilant, take preventive measures and reduce losses.

Four: self-protection during the earthquake.

1. For the personal safety of yourself and your family, please hide under solid furniture such as tables.

The shaking time is about 1 min. This is the first thing that should be considered is the personal safety of yourself and your family. First, hide under a solid table with a low center of gravity and hold the legs tightly. In places where there is no table to hide, protect your head with cushions and other things anyway.

2. Turn off the fire immediately when shaking, and put out the fire immediately in case of fire.

When there is a big earthquake, there will also be situations where you can't rely on fire engines to put out the fire. Therefore, the efforts of each of us to turn off the fire is an important factor in whether the earthquake disaster can be controlled to a minimum.

Get into the habit of turning off even a small earthquake.

In order to prevent the fire from causing great disaster, it is self-evident that it is extremely important for the family to help each other and put out the fire early.

During an earthquake, there are three opportunities to put out the fire:

The first opportunity is in the small earthquake before the big earthquake:

At the moment when they felt the small shaking, they immediately greeted: "Earthquake! Turn off the fire! " Turn off the heating stove, gas stove, etc.

A second chance after the earthquake stops:

Turn off the fire as soon as there is a big shake, and the kettle on the gas stove and heating stove will slide down, which is very dangerous.

When the shaking stopped, he shouted again, "Turn off the fire! Turn off the fire! " Turn off the fire.

The third chance is after the fire:

Even if there is a fire, it can be put out within 1-2 minutes. In order to put out the fire quickly, always put the fire extinguisher and bucket near the fire point.

Don't panic and run outside.

After the earthquake, running out in a panic, broken glass, roof tiles, billboards, etc. are very dangerous. Fall down and hit you. In addition, cement prefabricated walls and vending machines are also in danger of collapse. Don't go near these objects.

4. Open the door and ensure the exit.

Houses with reinforced concrete structures, etc. Has been locked in the house because of the dislocation of doors and windows caused by earthquake shaking. Please open the door and ensure the exit.

Usually, you should think about how to escape if you are locked in the house, and prepare ladders and ropes.

5. In outdoor situations, protect your head and avoid dangerous places.

When the earth shakes violently and stands unsteadily, people will have the psychology of leaning over and grasping something. Most of the doorposts and walls around you will be the objects of support. However, these seemingly solid things are actually dangerous.

During the undersea earthquake in Miyagi Prefecture 1987, Japan, many people were killed or injured due to the collapse of precast concrete walls and doorposts. Be sure not to get close to cement precast slab walls, doorposts, etc.

In busy streets and buildings, the most dangerous thing is that things like glass windows and billboards fall and hurt people. Pay attention to protect your head with your hands or handbags.

In addition, pay attention to the situation that the vending machine falls over and hurts people.

In the building area, according to the situation, it is safer to enter the building to avoid.

6. In schools, department stores and theaters, follow the instructions of the staff.

In places where there are many people in schools, department stores and underground streets, the most terrible thing is chaos. Please follow the instructions of teachers, store staff and security guards.

As far as earthquakes are concerned, it is said that underground streets are relatively safe. Even if there is a power failure, the emergency lighting will come on immediately. Please take action calmly.

In case of fire, it will be filled with smoke immediately. Take refuge in a low body posture and don't smoke at all.

If you take the elevator

In case of an earthquake or fire, you can't use the elevator. In case there is an earthquake when you take the elevator, please press all the buttons on each floor on the operation panel. Once stopped, leave the elevator quickly and take refuge after confirming safety.

Elevators in high-rise buildings and recent buildings are equipped with devices to control operation. When an earthquake happens, it will automatically stop at the nearest floor.

If you are locked in the elevator, please contact the management room for help through the dedicated telephone in the elevator.

7. The car is parked on the side of the road, and driving is prohibited in the controlled area.

In the event of a major earthquake, the car will be like a flat tire, unable to grasp the steering wheel and difficult to drive. You must pay full attention to avoid the intersection and park your car on the side of the road. In order not to hinder the passage of evacuees and emergency vehicles, we should give way to the middle part of the road.

Most roads in the urban area will be completely closed. Pay full attention to car radio broadcasting. If there is a policeman nearby, you should follow his instructions.

When you need to take refuge, in order not to get involved in the fire, please close the window, put the car keys in the car, don't lock the door, and act with the local people.

8. Be sure to pay attention to landslides, falling rocks or tsunamis.

On slopes and steep slopes, there is danger of landslides and falling rocks, so you should take refuge in a safe place quickly.

On the coast, there is a danger of encountering a tsunami. If you feel an earthquake or issue a tsunami warning, please pay attention to the information on radio and television and take refuge in a safe place quickly.

9. Walk when taking refuge, and take as few personal belongings as possible.

When the fire caused by the earthquake spreads and burns, and life and personal safety are in danger, take refuge measures. In principle, people's disaster prevention organizations, streets, etc. You should take refuge on foot under the leadership of the person in charge and the police, and carry as few items as possible. Never take refuge by car or bike.

The cooperation and mutual assistance of local residents is indispensable for patients to take refuge. Usually, neighbors need to agree on the way to take refuge in advance.

10. Don't listen to rumors and act rashly.

In the event of a major earthquake, people are easily shaken psychologically. In order to prevent confusion, it is extremely important for everyone to act calmly based on correct information.

Get correct information from portable radios, etc. Trust the information obtained directly from the government, police and fire prevention agencies, and never believe irresponsible gossip, let alone make a move.

Special emphasis should be placed on earthquake prevention in schools: in schools, what is most needed in an earthquake is the calmness and decisiveness of school leaders and teachers. In areas with medium and long-term earthquake prediction, students should be taught about earthquakes, prevention and shock absorption in combination with teaching activities. Before the earthquake, we should arrange the route and venue for students to transfer and evacuate; After the earthquake, calmly direct the students to evacuate in an orderly manner. In a relatively solid and safe house, students who can hide under desks, beside platforms and in teaching buildings can go to small rooms supported by pipes, and students are not allowed to run around or jump off buildings.

Five: self-help after the earthquake.

Self-help after the earthquake

If you are buried under the ruins during the earthquake, your surroundings are dark and there is only a very small space. Don't panic, be calm, build up confidence in survival, and believe that someone will come to save you and do everything possible to protect yourself.

After an earthquake, there are often many aftershocks, and the situation may continue to deteriorate. In order to avoid new injuries, we should try our best to improve our environment. At this time, if you carry an emergency kit with you, it will play a great role in getting out of danger.

In this extremely unfavorable environment, first of all, we should protect the smooth breathing, remove the debris from the head and chest, and cover your mouth and nose with wet clothes when you smell gas and toxic gases; Avoid weak collapsed objects and other falling objects above the body; Expand the stable living space and support the ruins with bricks and sticks to prevent the environment from further deterioration after aftershocks.

Try to get out of danger. If you can't find a way out of danger, save your strength as much as possible, and hit something that can make a sound with a stone to send out a distress signal. Don't cry, don't be impatient, don't act blindly, it will consume a lot of energy and physical strength. Try to control your emotions or close your eyes and wait for rescuers to arrive. If you are injured, try to dress it to avoid excessive bleeding.

Sustain life. If you have been buried under the rubble for a long time, rescuers have not arrived, or you have not heard the distress signal, you must find ways to maintain your life. Water and food in the earthquake-proof bag must be stored, and ways should be found to find food and drinking water. Your urine can also quench your thirst if necessary.

Mutual rescue after earthquake

After the earthquake, it is impossible for the external disaster relief team to rush to the disaster relief site immediately. In this case, in order to let more people buried under the rubble get precious lives, people in disaster areas actively participate in mutual rescue, which is the most timely and effective way to reduce casualties, and also embodies the lofty virtue of "saving people from danger".

Timely rescue time, the greater the hope of being rescued. According to relevant data, the survival rate of the rescued personnel within 20 minutes after the earthquake is over 98%, and the survival rate of the rescued personnel within 1 hour after the earthquake is reduced to 63%. Among those who could not be rescued within two hours after the earthquake, 58% died of suffocation. They died not because the building collapsed in the earthquake, but because of suffocation. If they can be rescued in time, they can completely get life. Hundreds of thousands of people were buried in the ruins in Tangshan earthquake, and most of them were reborn through self-help and mutual help. The mutual aid action of the people in the disaster area has played an irreplaceable role in the whole earthquake relief.

Rescuing people quickly after the earthquake.

To save people after the earthquake, we should strive for the principles of fast time, accurate goals, proper methods and growing mutual aid teams. The specific approach is: first save the neighborhood, whether it is family, neighbors or strangers, don't go far; Save those who are saved first, so as to quickly expand the mutual rescue team; Save young adults and medical staff first, so that they can give full play to their role in disaster relief; Save "life" first, and then save "people" In Tangshan earthquake, a rural woman only showed her head to avoid suffocation, and then went to save another person, saving dozens of people in a short time.

Conclusion:

I hope this article can increase people's awareness of earthquake prevention and once again express my heartfelt respect to the officers and men who fought in the front line of earthquake relief. I hope the survivors will be safe all their lives, and Wenchuan will be better tomorrow.