Customs of all countries in the world, China

Japan (Japan for short) It is located in the east of Asia, with an area of 377,700 square kilometers. The population is 65438+236 million. The main religions are Buddhism, Shinto and Christianity, and many people believe in more than two kinds of salvation. Japanese is the national language, some middle-aged and elderly people know Chinese, and most businessmen know English. Tokyo, the capital, is one of the most populous cities in the world. 1September 29th, 972, China resumed diplomatic relations.

Japan is known as the "third economic power", "cherry blossom country", "shipbuilding kingdom", "trade country" and "steel kingdom". Japan and China are separated only by a strip of water, and the friendly exchanges between the two peoples have a long history. Many Japanese customs can be rooted in China, and the Japanese show unique respect for China culture. In order to communicate with the Japanese, we must first learn the basic etiquette of the Japanese, such as exchanging business cards, shaking hands and greeting. If we can imitate the etiquette perfectly, it will be easy to meet the Japanese.

The Japanese seem to be very slow in doing things. Always hide your feelings, don't show them easily, and don't like sad opposition and targeted words and deeds, impatient style. Therefore, in the process of dealing with the Japanese, impatient people often break up in discord.

"Saving face" is the Japanese nature. It is a record of one's honor and a source of self-confidence. It will strongly affect everything in Japan. A word that hurts the face and an action that hinders honor will bring things to a deadlock. Face is the most important thing in Japan. So when you get along with the Japanese, always remember to give each other face. The Japanese emphasize morality and kindness. In their view, "one can never repay one ten thousandth of kindness". For them, it is common and important to repay kindness with kindness.

Gifts are even more common in Japan. Colleagues will give gifts when they get promoted, get married, have children, have birthdays, festivals, etc. This kind of etiquette is not only a historical heritage, but also a new concept of the times. The habit of giving gifts is also popular in business communication. Send a gift to a Japanese guest, even if it is a small souvenir, he will keep it in mind, because it not only shows your sincerity, but also shows that the communication between them has gone beyond the boundaries of business, indicating that you have attached importance to his friendship and face, so he will not forget your "kindness". Japanese people don't like to tie bows on gift packages and wrap gifts with red ribbons, which symbolizes good health. Don't give the Japanese gifts with animal images.

Accept the invitation of the Japanese, also have certain exquisite. For example, if you are invited to a formal banquet, you should be serious and wear a suit and tie. However, if you are attending an outing or other entertainment or sports activities, even if you meet for the first time, you only need to go into battle lightly and wear a suit and tie. However, if you are taking part in an outing or other entertainment or sports activities, even if you meet for the first time, you can show your enthusiasm and generosity as long as you dress lightly, or dress appropriately and try to be natural.

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59.35. 128.* Third floor

Customs and etiquette in South Africa

Republic of South Africa, South Africa for short. Located at the southernmost tip of the African continent. The Indian Ocean is in the east, the Atlantic Ocean is in the west, and the Cape of Good Hope in the southwest is the dividing point between the two oceans. Before the Suez Canal was dug, ships between Europe and Asia had to pass through the Cape of Good Hope. At present, many ships, especially large oil tankers, from the coast of the Indian Ocean to Europe and America still pass through here. Therefore, the geographical location of South Africa is of great value in world transportation and strategy.

Area 1, 226,5438+0,000 square kilometers, population of 34 million, of which 74% are African blacks, 2.4 million are colored (mixed-race), 700,000 are Asians and 4.4 million are white (60% of them are of Dutch origin and 38% are of British origin). English and Afrikaans are official languages. In Johannesburg, the largest city in South Africa, English and French are the common languages. Almost all whites and blacks know English.

Pretoria, the capital with a population of about 650,000, is the political, economic and transportation center of the South African authorities. South Africa, named after its location in the southern part of the African continent, is known locally as azania. Azania comes from Arabic. In Arabic, Zanj refers to black-skinned Africans. Azania, which means black land, originally refers to the coast of East Africa and nearby islands, and was later used as the country name by the African National Congress of South Africa.

The current presidential system of the South African government. The President is elected by the National Assembly for a term of five years, and the President appoints cabinet members to take power. 1980 65438+February 3 1 abolish the Senate, only keep the House of Representatives, and add the Vice President and the Presidential Advisory Office. South Africa is rich in mineral resources. The output of gold, platinum, diamonds, asbestos and vanadium, as well as the reserves of uranium, manganese, chromium and fluorite are among the highest in the world. In addition, there are coal, iron, copper, lead and zinc. Mining industry is the main pillar of national economy.

Business etiquette in South Africa always wears a conservative suit. Visits must be signed in advance. South African businessmen are very conservative and try to be as formal as possible in their trading methods. Many businesses are done in private clubs or other people's homes. It is often unknown to do business or beat around the bush by too subtle means here. It is probably not feasible to achieve your goal in this way. Speak up if you want.

South Africa is warm all year round, and it seldom rains. People who come here for business in July and August (local winter) had better prepare some warm and thick clothes.

In South Africa, there are green spaces not only on both sides of expressway, but also in the center of urban streets. The roads are wide and tidy, but there are also many traffic accidents. A taxi with a radio is easy to call and safe.

It is reported that the biggest pillars of South Africa's economy are gold and diamonds, of which gold accounts for 75% of the circulation in the capitalist world, while diamonds account for 90%. The currency is the South African rand.

According to the three major events of contract, delivery and payment in South Africa, it is biased towards the British type, whether it is a Dutch company or a British company. The person in charge who has the right to decide will concentrate on the negotiations, so the business negotiations will not be delayed. Of course, we also hope that our negotiators also have the right to decide. They abide by the agreement and the payment method is very formal. South Africa is located in the plateau, with an average elevation of 1200m. The climate is not hot and it is comfortable to live in. It is enough to wear a suit all year round. It is best to go from February to May and from September to165438+1October. Avoid going out around Christmas and Easter. There are many Jewish businessmen in the area. Pay attention to avoid Jewish festivals. Many businessmen spend their holidays twice a year: from February 65438 to 10, and from June to July of the following year.

Entry requires a visa, which can be divided into visitors and permanent residents. It's easy to clear customs in the name of tourists. Because televisions, video recorders, golf clubs, etc. all need to pay taxes, the inspection is very strict. It is forbidden to bring obscene magazines. Customs duty-free 400 cigarettes 1 bottle of wine. The entry and exit of South African currency is limited to 100 South African rand. Foreign currency is not limited. You should declare the amount before entering the customs and bring it back when you leave the customs.

The taxi tip is 10%, and restaurants and hotels add 10% to the bill. Other services 10 ~ 25 cents each time. Drinking water, vegetables and fruits are all sanitary.

American customs and habits

United States of America. It covers an area of 9.36 million square kilometers. The population is 250 million. Residents mainly believe in Christianity and Roman Catholicism. The language is English.

The American government is a federal presidential system with separation of powers. The Constitution 1787 came into force. The president holds political power and is elected by the people of each state and the presidential electors for a term of four years. Congress is divided into the Senate and the House of Representatives. Senator, each state elects two representatives for a six-year term, and one-third of them are re-elected every two years. Members are elected by the people for a term of two years. Washington D.C.

The United States is a world 1 economic power and a world 1 trading power, with a total import and export volume of 1989 of $80,965,438 +0.8 1 billion.

When doing business with Americans, we should pay attention to American business etiquette and customs and some customs of American society.

Americans don't always dress appropriately like the British, but they don't pay much attention to clothes. They dress according to the principle of generosity and comfort, and wear whatever they like. Others can't talk or laugh. In spring and autumn, Americans usually wear a pair of trousers and a sweater or jacket over their shirts, which is relaxed, comfortable and unrestrained. There are many people wearing shorts and skirts in summer. In tourist or seaside cities, men wear swimming trunks, women wear three-point swimsuits and then put on bath towels, so they can go shopping or go to restaurants. But on formal occasions, Americans are more polite.

Pay attention to dress and neatness when meeting. It is better to wear a suit, especially to polish shoes and clean fingernails. American businessmen seldom shake hands. Even when we meet for the first time, we don't have to shake hands first. They often just nod, smile and say hello politely. A man should hold a lady's hand gently, not forcefully. If a woman has no intention of shaking hands, a man should not take the initiative to reach out unless the woman takes the initiative. Hands can't shake hands. Between the superior and the subordinate, the superior reaches out and shakes hands first. Between the old man and the young man, the old man reaches out and shakes hands first. Between the host and the guest, the host reaches out first. Between men, the most taboo is to compare with each other. Americans don't like to get too close to each other when they speak, and they are used to keeping a certain physical distance. Generally, it should be kept between 120- 150 cm, at least not less than 50 cm.

In the United States, more than 12 men have the title of "Mr.", but most Americans don't like to use the titles such as Mr., Mrs., Miss and Ms., and think that everything is too serious. They like to be called by their first names and think it is a sign of friendliness. Americans seldom use formal titles to address others.

Official titles are generally only used for judges, officers, doctors, professors, religious leaders and other figures. Especially in administrative positions. Americans never use this name, such as * * * director * * * manager. American customs officers always say "please", "thank you", "please open the box" and "please take out your passport", and after inspection, they will say "have a nice trip" or "it's a nice day".

What American salesgirls and restaurant waitresses say makes people feel at home. Even if you didn't spend a penny, they all smiled and said thank you for coming. I hope to come again next time.

Before public and private companies visit, they must make an appointment first, and it is best to call when they arrive. Americans are hospitable, even if you only know each other for a minute, you may be invited to go to the theatre, eat or travel abroad. But after a week, this friend may forget all about you. It is impolite to visit American families, so you must reach an agreement in advance. Just give gifts to relatives and friends. If they don't know in advance, don't knock directly. It's best to leave the gift at his door and then inform him to pick it up himself.

When invited to visit an American home or attend a banquet, it is best to bring some small gifts to the host, such as cosmetics, children's toys, local specialties or tobacco and alcohol. For the furnishings in the home, the host likes to listen to the language of appreciation, rather than asking about the price.

Punctuality and trustworthiness are very important. American businessmen like to show their informality, approachability and sense of humor. People who can often tell a few jokes are often easily accepted by the other party. Breakfast and lunch date negotiation is very popular in American business circles. When you promise to attend the banquet hosted by the other party, you must go to the banquet on time. If you can't keep the appointment on time due to special circumstances, you must call the host to explain the reason or tell him when you can go. When eating, the lady walks into the living room, the man has to stand up, and you can't sit down until the lady finds a seat. When Americans entertain guests, they mainly serve roast beef and roast chicken, because these dishes are very popular with ordinary Americans, which are convenient and affordable. As long as it is accompanied by one or two vegetables, taro and cereal, if dessert is prepared, it is a big meal. Hamburgers are food that Americans eat every day. According to the regulations, the fat content of hamburger ground beef should not exceed 30%.

Since 1979 to 1 established diplomatic relations with China, American businessmen (especially big business operators) have been interested in the China market.

In America, people like light and clean colors, such as ivory, light green, light blue, yellow, pink and fawn. It is difficult to point out those particularly advanced colors in America. Many psychologists' surveys show that: first, solid colors are more popular; Second, bright colors are more popular than dark colors. The relationship between American color hobbies and buying habits can be seen from the following interesting examples:

New york citizens like white eggs, so white eggs are often sold at high prices there. However, Boston citizens like red-brown eggs. It is generally believed that reddish-brown eggs taste delicious, while white eggs taste special. However, cooking experts believe that white eggs are better than red-brown eggs.

In recent years, American drinking habits have changed, which is consistent with the changes of consumers' drinking habits in various countries. That is, from strong dark wine to light wine. People began to get used to drinking beer, wine and fruit wine. According to statistics, the consumption of spirits in the United States, the world's largest consumer of alcohol, is declining. In 1975, British whisky accounts for 13.6% of the total consumption in the United States, while in 1985, it only accounts for 1 1%. In the past 10 years, the sales of low-alcohol liquor in the United States increased by about 30%, and there is a popular saying in the United States that "light wine is more beneficial to health than dark wine".

In some places, people like to drink weak tea, while in other places, people like to drink strong tea. Both tea and coffee must be in harmony with the local water. In addition, red cream or cheese is more popular than ordinary cream and cheese. For example, red salmon sells well in some places, and white salmon sells well in some places because of customs.

Green asparagus tea is very popular in Boston, and white asparagus tea is also very popular in Chicago. In terms of clothing color, in the southern United States, women like blue, while in New England, people like to buy clothes that suit their skin color because of their ruddy skin color. In Texas, the number of people who buy light brown goods will increase after Christmas.

Among the toothbrushes worth 65,438+00 cents in the United States, red ones account for about 50% of the sales, but there is no high-grade toothbrush made of red, because Hooper color has achieved great success and is very popular among high-grade toothbrushes. Besides, knives with blue handles sell better than those with black handles. This is because American women pay attention to kitchen decoration and hate monotonous utensils.

An example of color taboo in the United States is that Japanese pen makers used purple velvet to hang linings in silver pencil cases when exporting pens to the United States, which was resented in the United States. In the United States, the use of trade marks must be registered with the US federal government, otherwise your goods will be impersonated by others. It is best to use the company's name as a trademark to promote sales.

There are many Jews in America. Pay attention to local Jewish festivals. Two weeks before and after Christmas and Easter are not suitable for visiting. Except for going on holiday in June-August, it is advisable to visit the rest of the time.

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59.35. 128.* Fifth floor

Customs and etiquette in Thailand

The Kingdom of Thailand, referred to as Thailand, was formerly known as Siam. /kloc-0 changed its name to Thailand in June, 939, meaning "King of Thailand". The area is 510.4 million square kilometers. With a population of 56.2 million, 95% of the residents believe in Buddhism, which is the state religion. The king is the highest patron saint of Buddhism and enjoys the Buddhist calendar.

Thai etiquette follows Buddhist etiquette. There are more than 260,000 monks in China. Every 20-year-old man has to be a monk for three months, and at least three days before he can become an adult, and the royal family is no exception. Thailand has more than 40,000 temples and 65,438+10,000 pagodas, ranking first in Southeast Asia. Thai is the national language. The capital Bangkok.

At present, the Kingdom of Thailand implements constitutional monarchy and cabinet system. The cabinet is in charge of administrative power and consists of 40 cabinet members. 1978 12.22. Thailand has a new constitution and a bicameral parliament. The 225 members of the Senate are nominated by the Prime Minister and the President of the Senate and appointed by the King of Thailand. The House of Representatives has 324 members, elected by the people. Thailand is a member of ASEAN.

Thailand is located in Southeast Asia, with a long coastline and many temples. In order to increase foreign exchange income, the Thai government attaches great importance to tourism, and has established many hotels and tourist facilities in the capital Bangkok and Pattaya to attract foreign tourists. 1987 Thailand has designated it as the year of tourism, with 3.5 million tourists coming to Thailand and foreign exchange income of nearly 2 billion US dollars, an increase of 32% over the previous year. Tourism has become a cash cow in Thailand.

Thais prefer red and yellow to brown. People pay attention to advertising and packaging. Trademarks and costumes are all in bright colors. It is customary to use colors to indicate different dates: Sunday is red, Monday is yellow, Tuesday is pink, Wednesday is green, Thursday is orange, Friday is light blue, and Saturday is purple. People often wear different colors according to different dates. White used to be used for funerals, but now it is changed to black. The national flag of Thailand consists of red, white and blue. Red represents the nation and symbolizes the strength and dedication of people of all ethnic groups. White represents religion and symbolizes the purity of religion. Thailand is a constitutional monarchy, the king is supreme, and blue represents the royal family. The blue center symbolizes the royal family between people of all ethnic groups and pure religion.

As the saying goes, "When in Rome, do as the Romans do". Anyone who comes to Thailand on business must pay attention to observing Thai customs and etiquette, otherwise it is easy to misunderstand. Thais believe that there are immortals living under the threshold, so don't set foot on the threshold of Thai house.

Historically, Thais usually don't like taking risks in business and are very cautious. They would rather rely on their own strength, many a mickle makes a mickle than borrow a lot and invest on a large scale. Because of being too cautious and not trusting others easily, many enterprise departments have a strong family color. Thai businessmen attach great importance to interpersonal relationships. In their view, instead of fighting with each other and trying to get some benefits, it is better to give these benefits to those honest and humane opponents. For goods, they pay more attention to quality than brand. As long as the goods are genuine, even unknown products can be recognized. Besides, like most people in China, they attach great importance to face and other people's views on their appearance. If the other party can get psychological satisfaction, the negotiation can undoubtedly be carried out in a very harmonious atmosphere.

People say that Thailand is a "smiling country" and they are particularly friendly to foreigners. Almost all business objects are overseas Chinese enterprises. Like overseas Chinese in other countries, business should be based on personal trust, and formal contracts are still easy to be despised. The streets in the city are chaotic. It goes without saying that even during the day, they are often crowded, and it takes time to take action.

In Thailand, arguing with others in full view and acting excessively will be considered the most shameful behavior by Thais. Because the left hand is considered unclean, it is necessary to exchange business cards and accept items with the right hand.

It is wise to wear a suit when visiting government offices. Business people can wear shirts and ties when they meet. Visiting a large company or government office requires an appointment in advance, and it is polite to be on time. Business cards in English, Thai and Chinese should be printed in two days.

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