The weather in Suizhong, Lee Tae

Just two months after the founding of New China, at the beginning of February, 65438+ 1949, Chairman Mao took a special train to visit Moscow, the capital of the Soviet Union. This is the first meeting between the leaders of the two largest producer parties in the world, and it is also a "world news".

Before Chairman Mao visited the Soviet Union, he issued three orders.

1 949 65438+1October1Chairman Mao stood at Tiananmen Gate and solemnly declared: "Fellow citizens, the people of China and the Central People's Government of China were established today."

Chairman Mao once said when reading the Declaration on the Establishment of New China:

On the second day of the founding of New China, Moscow sent the first diplomatic congratulatory message to China:

Under the leadership of the Soviet Union, many Eurasian countries established formal diplomatic relations with China one after another, which made the new China occupy a place in the international arena soon.

Shortly after the founding of New China, Chairman Mao called Zhou Enlai to discuss the visit to the Soviet Union at the end of the year: "Comrade Enlai, I think the time is ripe for me to visit the Soviet Union. It's more timely to go at this time, but I just want to celebrate my birthday. Other things have to be handled by you, the Prime Minister of the Special Council! "

Premier Zhou Enlai said with a smile: "Chairman should take a rest and resume his work after he arrives in the Soviet Union. I will handle the specific work of the Sino-Soviet talks according to the chairman's opinion and the decision of the Political Bureau. "

In fact, before the founding of New China, Chairman Mao had proposed to visit the Soviet Union, but Stalin refused, and the reason for Stalin's refusal was simple: before the founding of New China, no one could give an accurate conclusion about who won or lost the civil war between the Chinese Production Party and the Kuomintang.

After the civil war situation became clear,1April, 948, Stalin invited Chairman Mao to visit the Soviet Union, and Chairman Mao also accepted Stalin's invitation and prepared to visit the Soviet Union.

1in the middle of 949, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China sent Comrade Liu Shaoqi to visit the Soviet Union. After Liu Shaoqi arrived in the Soviet Union, he introduced the current revolutionary development situation in China to the Soviet Union, prepared to set up the China People's Government, and expressed the long-cherished wish of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China leaders: he hoped that the Soviet Government would give China some assistance to help China carry out economic construction.

In the winter of the same year, Stalin specially sent mikoyan as a special envoy to visit China. In order to ensure the safety of mikoyan, Wang Dongxing and Shi Zhe specially went to Shijiazhuang Airport to meet him.

In the afternoon, Chairman Mao held several talks with mikoyan. The two sides analyzed the development and changes of the current international situation and expressed their respective views. Chairman Mao also specifically analyzed the current situation of China War.

A few days later, mikoyan returned to the Soviet Union. This time he came to China for two purposes. One is to find out the bottom of China's * * * production party, and the other is to invite Chairman Mao to visit the Soviet Union again on behalf of Stalin.

In view of the fact that Chairman Mao is still busy with the establishment of a new China, he asked Comrade mikoyan to report to Comrade Stalin:

1949 When the CPPCC meeting was held in the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in September, Chairman Mao decided to take a special train to Moscow, the capital of the Soviet Union, in early February of 19, so he gave Wang Dongxing instructions to prepare to visit the Soviet Union:

In order to ensure the safety of Chairman Mao's visit to the Soviet Union, Teng et al. conducted a major review and cleaning-up of railway workers, ensuring that the personnel who participated in the special train work must be politically absolutely reliable "all-in-one" party member, and sent enough troops to take charge of the security work along the Beijing Manzhouli.

At the same time, Chairman Mao is preparing a present for Stalin's 70th birthday. You should know that this gift is not only a gift from Chairman Mao to Stalin, but also a national gift from New China to the Soviet Union.

At that time, many people thought that this gift must reflect the characteristics of China and have special significance. To choose a "national treasure" gift to show sincerity, but after learning that the Soviet Union lacked fresh fruits and vegetables, Chairman Mao personally sent a telegram to the Shandong Branch:

Of course, in addition, some "China specialties" have been prepared, including a set of blue and white porcelain wares in Jingdezhen, Jiangxi, 30 quilts and 60 pillowcases in Hunan, 1000 kg oranges in Nanfeng, Jiangxi, 500 kg winter bamboo shoots, Longjing tea in Zhejiang, Moutai in Guizhou, and famous cigarettes in Shanghai. These "China specialties" have also been shipped back to Moscow.

At that time, the new China had just been established, and the life of the people all over the country was very difficult. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China leaders didn't make a mountain out of a molehill about their visit to the Soviet Union. No one asked for anything other than making some necessary clothes and buying some daily necessities.

At that time, because it was winter during the visit and the weather in the Soviet Union was colder, the staff offered to make a woolen coat for Chairman Mao, but Chairman Mao resolutely disagreed. Finally, under the hard work of the staff, Chairman Mao agreed to make a woolen cloak.

On the day before preparing to visit the Soviet Union, Chairman Mao issued three orders to the leaders and staff of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China who went to the Soviet Union together:

Chairman Mao brought his own daily necessities when he visited the Soviet Union: I have them myself and don't need government preparation.

At 8: 30 pm on February 2, Chairman Mao boarded the train accompanied by Premier Zhou and led by Teng.

When Chairman Mao got on the bus, Luo Ruiqing, Minister of Public Security, and Yang Qiqing, Vice Minister of Public Security, escorted him on both sides of the car door. The purpose is to prevent others from seeing Chairman Mao boarding the train. At that time, the station was unusually quiet, there were no idle people on the platform, and there was no central leader to see Chairman Mao off. This shows that the confidentiality requirements of Chairman Mao's trip are strict.

At 9 o'clock sharp, the chairman's special train started slowly under the personal driving of the director of the maintenance department of Beijing Railway Bureau and left Beijing Railway Station. What he didn't know was that this time Chairman Mao was sitting on the train, and the other flight attendants on the train were completely unaware of it.

In order to keep Chairman Mao's visit to the Soviet Union secret, the train personnel are required to arrange Chairman Mao's carriage in advance and put away all the daily necessities. No one is allowed to enter the carriage where Chairman Mao is located, and the care for Chairman Mao's life is carried out by the staff brought by Chairman Mao.

Therefore, after the train leaves, the train personnel cannot know the situation of the front of the train. When the train is about to arrive in Tianjin, it is already after afternoon 10. As soon as the staff saw it, they were ready to give Chairman Mao a rest and told him that all washing utensils were available on the train.

Chairman Mao saw that there were towels, soap, toothbrushes, toothpaste and other toiletries on the train, so he took them out of his small cloth bag and said to the staff, "I have them myself, so I don't need to prepare them separately."

During the running of the train, Chairman Mao not only handled some important military and political affairs, but also specially selected responsible comrades of the party and government along the way to get on the train and personally conducted in-depth investigation and study. The talks lasted for half a day.

Among them, Chairman Mao had a long talk with Suizhong County Party Secretary and responsible comrades of Jinzhou City for four or five hours respectively. After talking with Chairman Mao, the mayor came out and said, "The chairman has too many questions!"

Therefore, many comrades along the way were both happy and nervous after being summoned by Chairman Mao, fearing that they could not answer the questions asked by Chairman Mao.

Some comrades were even asked by Chairman Mao to be full of sweat, because Chairman Mao's questions were very specific and in-depth, especially with figures and various percentages, and he had to understand them in detail, which made many comrades feel that everything in their stomachs was taken out by the Chairman, but even so, everyone was very excited and encouraged.

After six days and six nights of continuous safe operation, the train arrived in Manzhouli, the last stop bordering the Soviet Union, on February 8, 65438.

When the train was about to enter the station, Teng and others reported to Chairman Mao: "Manzhouli will arrive soon. Please rest in the car now. It's too cold outside. Let's go to the streets with the head of the Soviet bus first and report to you after the handover.

After the train stopped, Teng and others got off the train first, and they were greeted by the Soviet special car and the head of the Soviet Railway Bureau and the head of the Soviet Security Bureau waiting on the platform. After understanding the situation with them, Teng and others followed up to check the equipment and layout of the Soviet special car, and then the station organized manpower to carry everything brought by Chairman Mao onto the Soviet train.

After everything was ready, Teng boarded the train and reported to Chairman Mao: "Chairman, everything has been properly handled. Please prepare the train and go directly to the Soviet train! "

Chairman Mao quickly put on his fur coat and got off the bus with his colleagues. After the same part of the staff cordially said goodbye, Chairman Mao boarded the Soviet special car, but instead of stepping into the car quickly, he stood at the door of the car and waved to the staff who accompanied him to Manzhouli to let them go home.

But at this time, no one wants to go away. These staff members lined up in a "one" line, raised their hands to pay tribute to Chairman Mao and advised him to get on the train quickly. Chairman Mao never wanted to leave.

Until the locomotive whistled and the train slowly moved north, Chairman Mao still waved to everyone through the glass. It was not until the staff was out of sight that Chairman Mao entered the carriage.

Chairman Mao's visit to the Soviet Union

"Boo hoo!" The whistle sounded, and a special train slowly pulled into the station and stopped on the platform. When the train stopped, the Kremlin bell rang and struck 12 exactly at noon 12.

Accompanied by the loud bell, a burly, smiling, middle-aged man in a Chinese tunic suit steadily stepped down from the carriage. This man is the leader of the new China-Mao Zedong.

Soon, a car came to Chairman Mao's side and stopped firmly. After Molotov invited Chairman Mao to get on the bus, Chairman Mao couldn't help looking at the five-star red flag flying in Moscow.

After leaving Moscow station, the car went straight to the southern suburbs of Moscow. Looking at the street view of Moscow, Chairman Mao's thoughts drifted away. ......

For Chairman Mao, Moscow is a city of special significance. It is not only the revolutionary holy land he yearned for when he was young, but also the city where his beloved wife, son and daughter live. The past of relatives made Chairman Mao feel deeply and made him sad.

In Chairman Mao's memory, the car soon came to a beautiful villa, which was Stalin's temporary residence before World War II. Ambassador Wang Jiaxiang asked Ge Baoquan, then Counsellor of the Embassy in the Soviet Union, to immediately draft a news telegram in the name of Xinhua News Agency to send the news that Chairman Mao and his party arrived in the Soviet Union smoothly to China.

Then, Chairman Mao rested under the arrangement of Molotov. At 6 o'clock in the afternoon, Chairman Mao came to the Kremlin. When Stalin saw Chairman Mao, he stepped forward quickly. He clasped Chairman Mao's hands and stared at him for a long time before slowly saying, "You are still young and healthy!" "

Then, Stalin introduced the people standing beside him to Chairman Mao, and everyone naturally formed a circle in the Kremlin hall to surround Chairman Mao and Stalin.

When chatting, Stalin was very excited and said to Chairman Mao, "Great, really great! You have made great contributions to the people of China, and you are a good son of the people of China! We wish you health! "

Chairman Mao was obviously not very excited when he heard Stalin's words. He said with a little injustice, "I am a person who has been hit and excluded for a long time, and I have nothing to say ..."

Before Chairman Mao finished, Stalin understood the implication of Chairman Mao. He quickly said: "The winner is not condemned, and it is a universal axiom that the winner cannot be condemned." The words sound just fell and he quickly asked Chairman Mao to sit down.

After everyone was seated, Stalin asked Chairman Mao with concern: "What shall we do this time? Do you have any thoughts or wishes? "

Chairman Mao said calmly, "I have come to congratulate you on your 70th birthday. I want to see the Soviet Union, from south to north and from east to west."

Stalin heard this sentence and put forward his own idea: "You have walked a long way this time, so naturally you can't go back empty-handed. Shall we buy something? "

When Chairman Mao saw that Stalin didn't explicitly say what he wanted, he also cleverly said, "I'm afraid we have to negotiate between the two sides to get something, but it must be beautiful and delicious."

Stalin didn't understand what Chairman Mao said, so he asked, "It's really beautiful and delicious. What is it? "

Chairman Mao also explained: "The so-called good-looking is to show the good-looking form to the world; Delicious, you must have actual content. "

Chairman Mao did not directly reveal the answer to this question. Later, Stalin called Chairman Mao twice and asked him what this sentence meant. Chairman Mao remained silent.

Knowing that Chairman Mao's words were meaningful, Wang Jiaxiang took the initiative to ask Chairman Mao if he came here just to celebrate Stalin's birthday. Chairman Mao smiled and said, "It's too easy to bring me on my birthday. We should formulate a political document. "

Knowing what Chairman Mao meant, Wang Jiaxiang came to the Soviet Foreign Ministry as a diplomatic ambassador and told Foreign Minister Vischinski about it, saying, "President Mao Zedong has been in Moscow for some time. Do you consider signing the document between China and the Soviet Union? "

Vischinski soon told Stalin about it. When Stalin was informed, he immediately agreed and suggested: "Let me sign with Comrade Mao Zedong!"

But Chairman Mao doesn't think so. He said to Stalin, "You are the chairman of the Council of Ministers, and I am not the prime minister. If we sign the document, I will call my prime minister. " Stalin also readily agreed.

On February 22nd, 65438, Chairman Mao was invited to attend the 70th birthday banquet of Comrade Stalin again. The banquet started at eight o'clock in the evening and lasted until one o'clock the next morning.

After the banquet, Chairman Mao felt very tired. He doesn't like this marathon party. When he came to rest in the office building in Moscow, he said, "I don't know why the banquet in the Soviet Union took so long. I didn't eat well, I didn't look good, and my hands hurt after patting them all night. You won't learn this when you go back. You can eat well when you eat, and you can watch the play when you watch the play! "

On the morning of February 6th, Premier Zhou Enlai and Soviet Foreign Minister Viczynski signed the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance. After the signing ceremony, when all the staff took a group photo, Chairman Mao stood half a step forward. When this photo was published the next day, Stalin and Chairman Mao appeared in front of the world with a "flat shoulder" attitude.

On February 17, Chairman Mao embarked on the journey of returning to China. Chairman Mao was very happy on the way, because his visit to the Soviet Union laid the foundation for new China to build a socialist road and played a lot of roles in establishing diplomatic relations with other countries.

It was the three strict orders issued by Chairman Mao before his visit to the Soviet Union that made Chairman Mao's journey from China to the Soviet Union so smooth. ......