How to cultivate Camellia chrysantha scientifically

Overview of camellia chrysantha cultivation;

1. Create a suitable environment. Camellia likes to live in a semi-cloudy, semi-cool, humid environment and needs frequent ventilation, especially in the north. In addition to the boiler and radiator for heating, the glass warm cellar is also equipped with self-made atomizer, ventilator and other facilities.

2. Use pine needle soil prepared in proportion to gradually remove the "yellow mud" brought by the south.

3. Add 1% ferrous sulfate to the water used for watering flowers every time, so as to keep the water slightly acidic.

4, in addition to a good ventilation environment, but also to give it regular "physical exercise", once every two weeks to blow the wind, the wind should be uniform. The purpose is to promote its metabolic balance and normal development through "exercise".

5. Control the temperature. When the temperature difference is 7℃ to 10℃ and the cellar temperature is 20℃, put down the shade cloth after four or five hours, and then ventilate.

6, fertilization, one is to dilute yogurt, this method can be used directly without fermentation, and the other traditional method is to ferment bean cake water. Fertilize once a month.

Breeding mode:

1, sowing and propagation: Camellia japonica fruits generally mature in the first half of June 5438+00, and crack in the second half of June 5438+00, and there is no post-ripening dormancy period after the seeds mature. It is wise to sow in autumn. In the middle and early days of June 5438+ 10, the harvested fruits were placed in a ventilated place indoors and dried in the shade. The capsule is cracked, and the seeds are sown immediately after being taken out. If autumn sowing is not possible, the seeds should be stored in wet sand until spring sowing in February of the following year.

2. Cutting propagation: The suitable cutting propagation period of Camellia japonica is from April to early May, and it can also be carried out in the middle and late September. Cuttings are selected from semi-mature branches of the year with abundant external tissues, complete leaves, full leaf buds and no pests and diseases. The spike length is generally 15cm, with two leaves at the top and heel at the base. After being treated with IBA 300ppm for 5 hours, the cuttings were carried out on the seedbed according to the spacing specification of 10 ~ 14 cm× 3 ~ 4 cm, and the cutting depth was about 3 cm. The key to the survival of tea seedlings is to keep enough humidity in the early stage of seedling raising, avoid direct sunlight, and control the temperature at about 25℃. Spray water frequently, so that the seedlings are often covered with a thin water film. 1 month later, after new roots grow, the sunshine will be gradually increased to accelerate the lignification of tea seedlings.

3. Grafting propagation: Grafting propagation of camellia is divided into bud grafting and semi-ripe branch grafting. Seedling grafting. Rootstocks can be common single-petal camellia oleifera and camellia oleifera. First, the rootstock seeds are sown on the sand bed, and the seedlings can be grafted when they grow to 4 ~ 5 cm. Before grafting, the rootstock sprouts are dug up, the sand grains are removed, and the rootstock sprouts are chopped at the position 1 ~ 1.5 cm above the cotyledons, and the root tips are also cut off, so that the total length is 6-7 cm; Select well-grown semi-lignified branches as scions, cut them into wedges and put them in wet towels to keep them moist. When grafting, the straight leaves of the sprouts are stitched to make the stems split longitudinally, and the depth is the same as that of the inclined plane cut by the scion. Quickly insert the cut scion into the crack of the rootstock, align it with the cambered layer on one side of the rootstock, and tie it tightly with plastic film tape. Then, the grafted seedlings were planted on the fertile and loose sand seedbed according to the row spacing of 8×2 cm. After planting, put up a shed in the seedbed and keep warm with plastic film. Generally, grafted seedlings begin to heal in 10 ~ 15 days, and the membrane can be uncovered at night in about 20 ~ 25 days. Then gradually strengthen the ventilation and increase the light until the new buds germinate and all the films are uncovered.

Semi-ripe branch grafting. Generally, adult seedlings of Camellia crassipes or Camellia oleifera are used as rootstocks. Rootstock branches with a diameter greater than 1 cm are grafted by skin grafting, that is, a knife is carved on the top, left and right of the appropriate part of the rootstock to reach the xylem, the skin is pulled down, the scion is attached to the inner side of the rootstock skin scion, and then the skin is pulled up to wrap the scion, which is bound with a plastic belt to expose the bud tip and covered with a plastic bag for moisture preservation. 1 month later, after the scion takes out new branches and gradually lignifies, the binding is released. If the rootstock and scion are similar in thickness, belly grafting is appropriate. The success of grafting semi-mature branches mainly depends on the control of seedbed temperature and the choice of grafting period. The suitable grafting temperature is 25 ~ 30℃, and the suitable grafting period is May ~ August. At this time, the rootstock epidermis is easy to tear apart, the grafted seedling interface heals quickly and the survival rate is high.

4. Tissue culture: Camellia embryo culture, cotyledon culture in vitro, shoot tip culture and single bud culture have been successful. The results showed that the induced bud formation and rooting of test-tube seedlings were related to the location of materials, inorganic salt concentration, vitamins, sucrose, growth regulators, light and other factors. Embryo culture. Embryos were taken from young fruits, and 0.5 ~1mg/l 6-ba, 0.0 1mg/L NAA, 6% ~ 8% sucrose and 500mg/L hydrolyzed milk protein were added for culture. Roots grow around 1 week, and after 2 weeks, the epicotyl sprouts. Cotyledon culture in vitro. Camellia cotyledons are good materials for inducing embryoids, especially near hypocotyls, with high frequency of 15% ~ 25%. Cotyledons were cut into 0.5 mm size during induction, and the induction medium was 1/2MS, supplemented with 0.2 mg/L 6-BA and 0.2 mg /LNAA. In the process of induction, adventitious buds and pseudobulbils appear at the same time. Pseudobulbils have strong meristematic ability, and embryoids, adventitious buds and pseudobulbils can be induced by pseudobulbils. Shoot tip and single bud culture. Shoot tip and single bud culture are important ways for rapid propagation of camellia, with convenient materials, high proliferation rate and stable heredity. The explants were tender stem tips and single buds. The medium is MS, and 6-BA or KT is added. The results showed that with the increase of 6-BA concentration, the number of shoot tips and single buds increased, but when the concentration of 6-BA reached 5.0mg/L, the abnormal seedling rate was high and the growth was poor. When 6-BA 2.0mg/L and KT 0.5mg/L are used together, the test-tube seedlings grow healthily, with low abnormal seedling rate and more proliferation, which is an ideal proportion of growth regulators to induce proliferation.

Flowering management:

Camellia usually blooms after 3 ~ 5 years of planting, and yellow buds usually appear in July ~ August every year. At this time, some weak buds, inner buds, over-dense buds and abnormal buds can be removed, which can concentrate nutrition, make the flowers distribute reasonably, open bigger and prolong the flowering period. Camellia japonica didn't fully open until June 165438+ 10, and it lasted until March of the following year, and its full flowering period was 1 ~ 2 months.

Pest control:

The common diseases of adult camellia are anthracnose, soot disease, leaf blight and bud blight. Anthracnose is a common disease of camellia chrysantha, and the lesion begins at the tip or edge of the leaf. The lesion is irregular with black spots on it, and the boundary of the lesion is obvious. Usually, 70% thiophanate methyl 800 times solution is sprayed on the leaves at the early stage of the disease, once every 5-7 days, for 3 times in a row. The spraying amount is 60 kg per mu. The symptom of soot disease is coal pollution on leaves, and germs also harm branches and buds. In severe cases, the branches and leaves are covered with black coal pollution layer, which hinders the normal photosynthesis of plants. Insect pests are mainly aphids, which can be controlled by spraying 1000 times 50% dimethoate emulsion. Tea bud borer, leaf roller and tea borer are common pests of camellia. Tea aphid and leaf roller can make camellia leaves curl and shrink, but they can't stretch. Tea moth bites leaves into pieces or eats them all, which seriously affects plant growth. Therefore, control should be carried out as soon as possible, and 800 times of pyrethroid emulsifiable concentrate with high efficiency, low toxicity and low residue can be selected for spraying.

Extended data

Camellia japonica belongs to Camellia, Camellia, Camellia, Camellia and Camellia, and is one of the first-class protected plants in China. The flowers of Camellia chrysantha are golden and dazzling, as if coated with wax, glittering and translucent and oily. Camellia is born alone in the axils of leaves. When flowering, it is cup-shaped, pot-shaped or bowl-shaped, which is beautiful and generous. In the past, people have never seen a golden variety. Camellia chrysantha was first discovered by China botanist Zuo Jinglie on1July 29th, 933 in Axieyakou, Dalu Township, Fangcheng County, Guangxi, and was officially named "Camellia nitidissima C.W.Chi" by China botanist Qi Yu 1948. Foreign countries call it the magical oriental tea, which is known as the "giant panda in the plant world" and the "queen of tea family".

The discovery of camellia chrysantha fills the gap that there is no golden flower in tea family. Its waxy green leaves are crystal clear, and its petals are transparent, solid, smooth and spotless; The buds are round and full of gold; Petals overlap each other, bright and beautiful, dotted on the branches of jade leaves. They are graceful, and the golden petals of Yurui are beautiful and pleasing to the eye, with unparalleled ornamental value.

Camellia has a special color genetic gene DNA, and its reproduction is difficult to be copied. High-tech is adopted to solve the problem of rapid propagation of survival genes of many excellent seedlings of Camellia japonica, and overcome the problem of low survival rate. Break through the key technologies of slow growth and low yield of camellia, and greatly increase the yield of camellia planted on a large scale; It is of great scientific research value to deeply develop a new generation of world-class camellia medical and health products for the benefit of human health.

According to the inspection of authoritative institutions such as Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety of China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Health Supervision and Inspection Center of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety of Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Analysis and Testing Research Center of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi College of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Experimental Center of Guangxi Agricultural College, the research shows that camellia belongs to non-toxic grade, contains more than 400 kinds of nutrients and has no toxic side effects. Rich in tea polysaccharides, tea polyphenols, total saponins, total flavonoids, tea pigments, caffeine, protein, vitamin B 1, B2, vitamin C, vitamin E, folic acid, fatty acids, B- carotene and other natural nutrients; Camellia contains dozens of amino acids such as theanine and threonine, as well as many natural organic trace elements such as germanium (Ge), selenium (Se), molybdenum (Mo), zinc (Zn) and vanadium (V), and major elements such as potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) which are of great significance to human health.

The efficacy of camellia chrysantha:

1, Camellia chrysantha has obvious hypoglycemic and urine sugar effects, and can effectively improve the "three high" symptoms of diabetes. Camellia can effectively reduce blood sugar and blood pressure, and at the same time, it can effectively reduce blood lipid, improve various uncomfortable symptoms caused by hypertension, reduce cholesterol and B- lipoprotein in serum, promote insulin secretion, enhance immunity, regulate blood flow, prevent atherosclerosis, resist bacteria and inflammation, clear away heat and toxic materials, relieve constipation, promote diuresis and dehumidification, improve liver metabolism, prevent cancer and inhibit tumor growth.

2. Camellia japonica has a unique and magical effect on lowering blood sugar, blood pressure, blood lipid and cholesterol, and has a synergistic balance adjustment effect on diabetes and its complications.

References:

Golden Camellia _ Baidu Encyclopedia