Biography of Who's Who and Reading Records of Lu Tuo Xiangzi (write general contents in chapters, extract and appreciate)

Mainly tells the bitter story of rickshaw pullers in old Beijing. This paper denounces the immoral people who oppress the people, exposes the exploitation and oppression of simple and kind workers in the dark old society, accuses the old society of turning people into ghosts, expresses the author's deep sympathy for the working people, and criticizes selfish and narrow individualism. At the same time, it also reveals that personal struggle is not the theme for the working people to get rid of poverty and change their situation. It also shows that people are animals that change with the environment and are the most vulnerable. The ugliness of human nature is exposed here. Lao She mercilessly criticized this society-it doesn't let good people have a way out. .

2. Excerpt: His figure and strength have developed to the forefront of his peers; He is in his twenties and very tall. Although his limbs have not been cast into a certain pattern by years, he has become an adult-an adult with a naive and naughty look on his face. Looking at the senior driver, he figured out how to cut into his waist and tighten it a little bit. ) to show his iron fan-like chest and straight back; Look at your shoulders, how wide and dignified! Kill the waist, then put on white trousers with fat legs, and tie them with chicken intestines to reveal those "out of size" big feet! Yes, he can undoubtedly be the best driver; He smiled at himself like a fool.

He has no appearance, what makes him lovely is the spirit on his face. The head is not very big, round eyes, fleshy nose, two short and thick eyebrows, and the head has been shaved. There is no excess meat on the cheeks, but the neck is similar to the side of the head. ) thick; The face is always red, especially bright is a big scar between the cheekbone and the right ear-I slept under a tree when I was a child and was bitten by a donkey. He pays little attention to his appearance. He loves his face as much as he loves his body. It is so strong and hard. He seems to count his face in his limbs, as long as it is hard. Yes, he can stand on his head for half a day when he gets to the city. Standing like this, he feels like a tree, and there is no place up and down that is not quite detached.

He is a bit like a tree, strong, silent and alive. He has his own plan and some brains, but he is not good at telling others. In foreign rickshaws, personal grievances and difficulties are the words of the public. In the "car entrance", in the small teahouse, in the courtyard, everyone is reporting, describing or clamoring for their own things, and then these things become everyone's property, spreading from one place to another like folk songs. Xiangzi, a countryman, is not as eloquent as a city man; If he has a glib tongue, he is born unwilling to talk more, so he doesn't want to learn from the loquacity of city people. He knows his own business and doesn't like to discuss it with others. Because his mouth is always idle, he has time to think, and his eyes always seem to look at his heart. As long as he has made up his mind, he will go along the road opened in his heart; If he can't leave, he can bite his teeth for a day or two without saying a word, just like biting his own heart!

He decided to pull the cart, so he pulled it. He rented a broken car to practice his legs first. I didn't get the money on the first day The business was good the next day, but after lying down for two days, my ankle was swollen like two scorpions and I couldn't lift it anymore. No matter how painful it was, he endured it. He knew it was inevitable and a hurdle that rickshaw pullers had to cross. He won't dare to run boldly unless he passes this level.

After his foot was cured, he dared to run away. This makes him very happy, because there is nothing else to be afraid of: he is familiar with place names, even if it doesn't matter sometimes, but he has great strength. The method of pulling a cart is not difficult to understand with his experience in pushing, pulling, carrying and picking. And he has his own ideas: be more careful and fight less, and probably nothing will happen. As for bargaining for seats, his mouth is slow and full of anger, but he can't shake off those old campaigners. Knowing this shortcoming, he simply did not go to the "car entrance"; Where there is no car, he puts it there. In this secluded place, he can bargain calmly, and sometimes refuse to make an offer, just saying "sit down and watch!" " "His appearance is so honest, his face is so simple and lovely, people seem to have to trust him and dare not think that this stupid big man can knock people. Even if people are suspicious, they can only suspect that he is an old country man. He is new here and probably doesn't know the way, so he can't say the price. So people will ask, "Do you know each other? "He laughed like a fool and like a flirt, let a person don't know what to do.

Two or three weeks later, his leg slipped out. He knows that his running style is beautiful. Running is a proof of a driver's ability and qualification. The one who curled up like a cattail leaf fan on the ground is undoubtedly a novice who just came from the countryside. Head is very low, feet rub the ground. Running and walking are almost the same speed, and those who run quite well are all elderly people over 50 years old. Experienced and weak, there is still a way; The chest should be tolerant and deep; Legs raised; Walk the probe; In this way, they appear to be running hard, but in fact they are not faster than others at all; They rely on "habits" to maintain their dignity. Xiangzi would certainly not accept these gestures. His legs are long, his waist is steady, he doesn't make much noise when running, and he is a little flexible one step at a time, so that the handlebar doesn't move and the seat feels safe and comfortable. Say stop, no matter how fast you run, your big foot will stop when it touches the ground; His power seems to reach all parts of the car. His back is slightly bent, his hands are loosely holding the handlebar, and his movements are neat and accurate; You can't see the rush, but you run very fast, very fast, and there is no danger. Even in rickshaw pullers, it is very expensive.

Comment on this paragraph of character description, from clothing, posture, figure, physical strength, physical strength and the character and personality of people who rely on strength to eat, are beautifully written, presenting us with a living Xiangzi. The author praised him loudly-he is strong, simple and full of life. Let's enjoy this rickshaw puller in old China with the author!

The willow tree in the street is sick, with a layer of dust hanging on its leaves and rolling on its branches; The branches are lazy and drooping listlessly. There was not a drop of water on the road. It was dry and white. How high the dust on the sidewalk flies, it is connected with the gray air in the sky, forming a vicious gray sand array, which burns the faces of pedestrians. Everywhere is dry, everywhere is hot, everywhere is stuffy, and the whole old city is like a burnt-out brick kiln, which makes people breathless. The dog lay prone on the ground, sticking out its red tongue. The nostrils of mules and horses are so big that vendors dare not shout, and the asphalt road melts. Even the bronze medal in front of the store seems to be getting sunburned. The street is unusually quiet, except for some monotonous and anxious jingles in the copper and iron shop. People who pull carts know that they can't eat without activities, and they are too lazy to go shopping: some put their cars in some shady places, set up carports and take a nap in them; Some got into a small teahouse to drink tea; Some didn't pull the car out at all, but went to the street to see if it was possible to get off. Even the most beautiful young men are willing to lose face and dare not run again, just walk slowly with their heads down. Every well has become their savior, no matter how many steps they have just pulled, they will rush to see the well; Unable to catch up with the newly pumped water, I filled the air in the sink with donkeys and horses. Others, because it was too hot or cold in summer, fell to the ground while walking and never got up again.

Even Xiangzi is a little timid! After pulling an empty car for a few steps, he felt that he was surrounded by hot air from head to toe, and even sweated on the back of his hand. However, I still want to pull after seeing the seat, thinking that it might be a little windy to run. He pulled a deal and pulled the car up, only to know that no one was allowed to work in such bad weather. I couldn't breathe while running, and my lips were burnt. I know I'm not thirsty. I want to drink water when I see it. If you don't run, the sun handle and back of the poisonous flower will crack. Somehow he was dragged to the place, and his trousers and coat were wrapped around him. Pick up the banana fan, it's no use, the wind is very hot. He took a few sips of cold water, but went to the teahouse again. After drinking two pots of hot tea, his heart calmed down a little. Tea goes in from the mouth, and sweat comes out from the body immediately, as if the body is empty and there will be no more water. He dare not move any more.

He felt bored after sitting for a long time. Being afraid to go out and having nothing to do, he felt that the weather seemed to be deliberately against him. No, he can't be the main one. He has been pulling rickshaws for more than a day, and this is not the first time in summer. He can't spend a day in vain. I want to go out, but my legs are too lazy to move, and my body is very soft. It seems that I haven't taken a good bath. Although I sweated a lot, I was not at ease. After sitting for a while, he couldn't sit still any longer. Anyway, he was sweating when he was sitting, so he might as well go out and try.

I didn't know my mistake until I came out. The gray air in the sky has dispersed, which is not very depressing, but the sunshine is much worse: no one dares to look up at where the sun is, but he feels that everything is shining, and the air, roof, walls and ground are all white with a little red in the white; From top to bottom, the whole thing looks like a huge fire mirror, and every light is like the focus of the fire mirror, so things will get angry as soon as they are exposed to the sun. In this white light, every color is harsh, every sound is ugly, and every smell is mixed with the stench evaporated from the ground. There seems to be no one on the street, and the road seems to have suddenly widened a lot, empty without any chill, and the glistening is frightening. Xiangzi didn't know what to do. He lowered his head, pulled the car and walked slowly. He has no ideas, no goals, and he is in a daze. His body is covered with sticky sweat and smells bad. After a long walk, the soles of my feet and shoes and socks stuck together, as if I had stepped on a piece of wet mud, which made me sad. I didn't want to drink any more water at first, but when I saw the well, I drank it again, not to quench my thirst, but to enjoy the coolness of the well water. From the mouth to the stomach, it suddenly cooled down, and the pores shrank sharply, making a cold war, which was very comfortable. He burps repeatedly after drinking, and the water will overflow!

Walking and sitting for a while, he is always too lazy to plan business. He still didn't feel hungry until noon. I want to eat something as usual, and I feel sick at the sight of food. The stomach is almost full of all kinds of water, and sometimes it makes a gentle noise, like a mule or a horse drinking water.

Compared with summer, Xiangzi always thinks winter is more terrible. He didn't expect summer to be so miserable. After staying in this city for more than one summer, he doesn't remember being so hot. Is it hotter than usual, or is it weak? At this thought, he suddenly became less groggy and his heart seemed to cool down. My body, yes, my body is dying! He was scared, but there was nothing he could do. He can't get rid of Tigress. He will become Er Hadron, the grandfather of the tall pony he met that time. Xiangzi is finished!

Comments What is written here is the scene of Xiangzi getting off in the scorching sun, which is delicate and realistic and empathetic. The narration and metaphor are vivid and vivid, which effectively set off the hardships and tragedies of Xiangzi's cart-pulling life. Pay attention to experience when reading.

Xiangzi's hand was shaking even more. He picked up the insurance policy and pulled up the car, almost crying. Pull to a secluded place, study your car carefully and try to see your face on the paint board! The more you look at it, the cuter it is. Even if it doesn't meet your ideal, you can forgive it, because it is already your own car. Seeing that the car seemed to have a rest, he sat on the new cushion of the water dustpan and looked at the shiny brass horn on the handlebar. It suddenly occurred to him that he was twenty-two years old this year. Because his parents died early, he forgot when his birthday was. He hasn't celebrated his birthday since he came to town. Well, I bought a new car today, even on my birthday. It is easy to remember that people own cars. Besides, I made the car by myself, so nothing can't be counted together.

How to live this "double life"? Xiangzi had an idea: the first business must attract a well-dressed person, and it must not be a woman. It is best to pull to the front door, followed by Dongan market. Yes, he should have a meal at the best food stall, such as hot sesame seed cake with fried mutton. After eating, if there is a good deal, Dora one or two; If not, take a bus; Today is my birthday!

Since having this car, his life has become more and more exciting. No matter whether it is a monthly payment or a scattered seat, he doesn't have to worry about the "car share" every day, and how much money he pulls is his own. If you are comfortable, you will be more friendly to people and your business will be more satisfactory. After pulling for half a year, his hope is even greater: at this rate, after working for two years, at most, he can buy another car, one car, two cars … and start a factory!

Comments Xiangzi sacrificed a lot for "buying a car". It took him three years to buy it. Of course, he is very excited. His mood can be seen from his words, actions and thoughts. As for "the day when Xiangzi bought a car was also his birthday", although it was just a coincidence, we can see that God was secretly helping Xiangzi. After reading this passage, everyone will be happy for Xiangzi's success and celebrate for him. This is the charm of Lao She's "people's artist" language.

3. After reading:

Xiangzi is an ordinary coachman with a distinctive personality, and he has many good qualities of working people. He is kind and simple, loves labor, and has a camel-like positive and tenacious spirit towards life. At ordinary times, he seems to be able to tolerate all grievances, but he also has the need to resist in sex. His angry resignation in Yangzhai and his revenge on Si Liu, the owner of the car factory, can illustrate this point. He has always been strong and struggling, which is also a manifestation of his unease about his humble social status. He doesn't want to listen to Gao Ma's advice to loan sharks, covet 60 cars in Si Liu, and do small business according to Tigress's advice. All these show that he thinks that "owning his own car means everything" and he doesn't want to climb up and buy a car as the owner to exploit others. What he dreams of is to seek an independent life by his own labor. This is the humble but legitimate life wish of individual workers. The work describes that after Cao Zhai knocked away his hard-earned money, the detective was most concerned about Mr. Cao's entrustment, because Mr. Cao was a good man in his view; He also described his concern for the grandparents of the old horse and pony, showing his kindness and integrity. The reason why his tragedy can arouse readers' strong sympathy is that besides his social status and unfair experience, these personality characteristics have also played an indelible role. Hard-working and strong people like this have finally become first-class "thorns" and embarked on the road of depravity, which clearly exposed the sin of unreasonable society corrupting people's hearts. The work writes: "The laziness of the bitter people is the natural result of hard work and failure, and the tricks of the bitter people contain some axioms." He added, "Man has improved himself from wild animals, but so far, he has driven his own kind into wild animals. Xiangzi is still in the city of culture, but he has become an animal. It's not his own fault at all. " It is from this understanding that Lao She wrote this tragedy with deep sympathy for those who were insulted and damaged. This makes this work have the power of angry accusation and strong critical spirit, which is deeply branded in the readers' hearts. After reading the book Camel Xiangzi, I learned what kind of life people lived in the chaotic society at that time. Based on the life of Beijing citizens in the late 1920s, this novel takes the bumpy and tragic life experience of rickshaw driver Xiangzi as the main plot, profoundly exposes the darkness of old China, accuses the ruling class and deeply sympathizes with the working people. Appreciation of romain rolland's Who's Who

"A great soul is like a mountain peak. I don't say that ordinary human beings can survive on the mountain peak. But once a year, they should go up and bow. There, they can change the breathing in the lungs and the blood flow in blood vessels. There, they will feel closer to eternity. Later, they returned to the wasteland of life, full of courage in daily fighting "-romain rolland. "

Just as sometimes we hear a song that we have sung in the past will bring back many memories, sometimes we will be inexplicably moved when we see a book that we have read in the past. When I think of those great and noble souls in Who's Who, I can't help but feel the passion of life colliding in me. Although maybe I really can't understand this thin but heavy little book. However, I believe that everyone who comes into contact with it will more or less experience the compelling passion in the book, the enrichment and lofty pursuit of life.

In the stormy waves of life, there is always a book to accompany you. When you are depressed, when you face setbacks, when you doubt that you have lost the direction of life, find it and read it. It will comfort you, inspire you, let you wash away your fatigue, erase your sadness and get on the road again. To me, this book is who's who! I am the source of spirit and strength.

The Biography of Who Is Who was written by the famous French writer romain rolland. The works of Beethoven, Michelangelo and Tolstoy were all written in the early 20th century, which had a wide influence at that time and later. In these three biographies, romain rolland did not make any boastful narration about the life of celebrities, nor did he trace back the creative process of celebrities like most biographers. Instead, we firmly grasp the similarities between these three great artists and focus on describing their long-term suffering and pursuit of truth, goodness and beauty. Romain rolland called them "heroes" and wrote with touching pen and ink their lofty courage to fight against fate and great feelings to bear the suffering of all mankind, which can be said to be a great song of fate for us.

"My physical strength and intelligence have increased than ever before ... my youth, yes, I feel that my youth has just begun. I have vaguely seen the goal ahead, although it is not clear, but it is getting closer every day ... ah! If I can get rid of this disease, I will embrace the whole world! ..... I didn't know there was rest besides sleeping. Unfortunately, I have to spend more time sleeping. I hope I can get rid of the disease, even if it is half! ..... no, I can't stand it. I will hold my destiny by the throat, and it will never make me completely yield. Oh, if only I could live thousands of times! " -"The Biography of Beethoven"

Only pain, there is joy!

-Beethoven

Ludwig van Beethoven, the greatest musician of German classicism, is such an unfortunate and strong man: he began to be deaf in his youth. What could be more unfortunate for a person who lives by music? Who can imagine his feelings and pain in the long torture? God is cruel. He gave Beethoven the best music, but deprived him of the right to enjoy it. He can't hear his own music. While people are enjoying the happiness brought by his music, he has to endure the silent torture alone! And it is this man who wrote so much music, and it is often joyful music-the joy that emanates from the sky and spreads to people's hearts! He grasped the fate by the throat. Every work of his is the result of hard struggle and a symbol of victory.

An unfortunate person, caused by poverty, disability, loneliness and pain, created joy for the world instead of joy for him! He used suffering to shape happiness, as if to interpret it with that brave words, which can sum up his life and become the motto of all heroes: "Only suffering can make you happy!" "

"He is very lonely. -He hates people and is hated by others. He does, but nobody loves him. People respect and fear him. Finally, he aroused people's religious reverence. He is ahead of his time. So, he calmed down a little. He looks at people from above, and people look at him from below. He is always single. He never rests, and he can't taste the gentleness that even the meanest person can enjoy. He has never slept in another person's gentle arms for a minute in his life. He has never been loved by a woman. In this desert-like world, only Victoria Colona's friendship has ever shone with pure and cold stars. It was dark around, and only his fiery thoughts-his desires and crazy dreams-flew by. Beethoven had never experienced such a dark night. Because this night is in Michelangelo's heart. Beethoven's grief and indignation is the fault of society, but he was born happy and longed for happiness. Michelangelo, on the other hand, is melancholy and frightening, which makes people instinctively avoid him. He created a blank around himself. " -Biography of Michelangelo

David uses his slingshot, and I use my bow and arrow.

Michelangelo

Beethoven's pain comes from pain, and Michelangelo's pain comes from his contradictory soul: he is neither disabled nor poor. He comes from a noble family, a noble family in Florence. He received a good education from an early age and has a high cultural accomplishment and artistic foundation. However, his motherland was devastated, foreign enemies invaded, people were enslaved, and his hard work was destroyed again and again by war. He is very rich, and every time he finishes a work, he will get a large reward, but he lives like a pauper, eating only bread and drinking only a few hours' sleep every day. He lived an amazing life, longed for love all his life, and wrote a lot of fiery and pure sonnets, but he was unmarried and lonely all his life. His family never gave him any warmth, and always squeezed his money again and again, using his reputation to show off everywhere, but his deep-rooted family concept and the idea of glorifying his ancestors made him generous; He is arrogant. He insisted on his own independent viewpoint in art and even fell out with the Pope, but he was weak and ridiculous. He always chooses to compromise and surrender at critical moments, and makes all kinds of absurd actions that are inconsistent with his reputation. His artistic talent is amazing and ambitious, and he has created amazing masterpieces such as David, Slave and Moses, but he still has to work hard for the Pope. The task was not completed yet, and a new task was urging him, so the greatest work he planned was abandoned halfway. He has been overworked all his life, and at the same time he has to endure inner condemnation for those unfinished works; In his later years, he became the last master of art in the Renaissance. People respect him like they respect God. No one dares to challenge his authority, but he is more and more pious and nervous before God.

Despite Michelangelo's shortcomings, he failed to realize his greatest plan, but no one can deny that his art represents the great humanistic spirit of the Renaissance. From David, we can see people's ideals, dignity and will. From "Moses and Slaves", we can see the struggle between man and fate ... Michelangelo created gods, but he showed people's distress and feelings in reality!

"His face has a fixed feature that will be engraved in human memory forever. There are two slightly curved wrinkles on the broad forehead, white eyebrows are unusually thick, and a beard of loyal elders reminds people of the statue of Moses in Dijon. The old face became calm and gentle, leaving traces of illness, sadness and kindness. How much he has changed from being rough and bold at the age of twenty to being cautious and serious when he joined the army! But the bright eyes are still sharp and deep, straightforward and straightforward, but smart and discerning. " -Tolstoy Biography

I cry, I suffer, I just want to know the truth.

-lev tolstoy

The situation in lev tolstoy is completely different. He comes from a well-known family, enjoys a superior position and is well-fed and well-fed. He is healthy, happily married and has a loving wife and children. His literary talent is very high, and every work has received rave reviews. He is a towering literary peak. He not only showed readers a broad picture of modern Russian history, but also wrote a wonderful book about the soul of the Russian nation. He created vivid characters, each of which made people nod and say, "Yes, Russians are like this." In a word, he is a man who seems to have everything, but his pain is just born from this. He is kind by nature and compassionate to others. He feels calm about the miserable situation of the urban poor, numb and miserable about the poor life of farmers, guilty about his material wealth and rich life, and distressed that he can't bear to get rid of the shackles of his family and live an ascetic life ... In short, his spirit of fraternity makes him unable to stand the pain of others. He longs for world harmony and people's prosperity. He hopes that all people can live a happy and peaceful life. In order to realize his ideal, he first changed his living condition and let himself live and work with farmers. He carried out reforms in his own manor, liberated serfs and distributed land to tenant farmers. He preached "religion of love", advocated "no violence against violence", and even suggested that "the enemy hits you in the left face and sticks out the right face". In his later years, his thoughts even intensified, and he even planned to.

Roman Roland said: Life is harsh. For those who are uneasy about mediocrity, life is an endless struggle, often without honor or happiness, and it is a sad struggle silently in loneliness. This is probably the best explanation for Tolstoy's behavior.

At the beginning of Who's Who, romain rolland shouted, "Open the window! Let the free air come back! Take a breath of the hero. " The hero he said is not a person dominated by ideas or strength, but a person with great heart. The Biography of Who Well confirms a famous saying of China native Su Shi: People who have made great achievements in ancient and modern times not only have talent, but also have persistent determination. Beethoven's "Seeking refuge in sadness and forbearance", Michelangelo's "The more I suffer, the more I like it" and Tolstoy's "I cry, I suffer, I just want the truth" all show that a great life is an endless battle.

Roman Roland said at the end of the biography of Michelangelo that a great soul is like a mountain. "I don't say that ordinary humans can survive at the peak. But once a year, they should go up and bow. There, they can change the breathing in the lungs and the blood flow in blood vessels. There, they will feel closer to eternity. Later, they returned to the wasteland of life, and their hearts were full of courage in daily fighting. " I hope everyone who is lucky enough to read this book can find the motivation to move forward!

Reading Notes of Who's Who

Whose Biography is a book composed of biographies of Beethoven, Michelangelo and Tolstoy.

Romain rolland said, "Open the window! Let the free air come back! Let us breathe the breath of heroes. " I don't know why, but I think this sentence contains profound philosophy. Perhaps this is the purpose of the author's writing this book. For the era at that time, this work was a good spiritual food.

Before reading this work, I always thought Beethoven was a very lucky man, but I didn't expect him to be so unlucky. Yes, his life is rough. The most unfortunate thing in his life happened to him. Think about it. As a musician, he is deaf. What a tragic thing it is! Moreover, the pain caused by this deadly disease to the musician is unimaginable, but all the hardships have made him stronger: he is in pain, but he refuses to give in to fate; He is poor, but he neither follows the trend nor caters to the trend, and always maintains an independent personality; He is lonely, but he can love human beings passionately; He never enjoyed joy, but he created and dedicated himself to the whole world. However, he did not hear people's praise for him, nor did he hear some excellent works he created.

Beethoven's courage, hard work and persistence were not in vain, because he finally succeeded, and he overcame many unimaginable and unbearable pains and diseases. One more thing, as a musician, the performers on the stage are not supported, affirmed and favored by the audience, which is undoubtedly a painful pressure and brings heavy frustration to the soul. However, he still defeated them; His efforts inspired people all over the world; His strength was proved, so in the end he climbed to the top of his life.

Romain rolland once said, "Life is harsh. For those who are uneasy about mediocrity, life is an endless struggle, and it is often a sad struggle in loneliness without honor and happiness. " The three celebrities described by the author are all mediocre people, but they have encountered more unimaginable difficulties and obstacles than ordinary people. But they are all people who bravely stood up from many difficulties, and they are also great men and celebrities forged from various difficulties. They still do not yield to the challenges and tests of fate. All three of them are heroes recognized by the author, because they all have the same heroic character: first, they have indomitable enterprising spirit; Second, always maintain personal dignity, abide by personal independence, neither yield to power nor blindly follow the masses; Third, he has the spirit of caring and caring for people and is willing to dedicate himself to the well-being of mankind.