Is Beijing a temperate continental climate or a continental monsoon climate?

Temperatecontinentalclimate is mainly distributed in the inland areas of Asia and Europe, North America and southern South America, with a latitude of 40 ~ 60. Because it is far away from the ocean, it is difficult for the humid air mass to reach the inland, so it is dry and rainy, and the climate is very continental. The annual and monthly temperature difference is the highest among all climate types. Moreover, the closer to the center of the mainland, the drier it is, the greater the annual and daily temperature difference, and the transition of vegetation from forest to grassland and desert.

The generalized temperate continental climate includes temperate desert climate, temperate grassland climate and sub-frigid coniferous forest climate. The narrow concept will exclude the latter. It is very cold in winter, controlled by high pressure, and the lowest temperature reaches-73℃; In summer, the average temperature in July in the south reaches 26 ~ 27℃, and the highest temperature is 33℃, which is close to 20℃ in the north. The maximum annual change range is 62.3℃. Controlled by continental air masses throughout the year, precipitation increases from south to north (from west to east in North America), with annual precipitation below 200mm to about 400mm and 300-600 mm in the north.

The climate features are: Leng Xia is hot in winter, with large annual temperature difference, concentrated precipitation, four distinct seasons, less annual rainfall and strong continental nature.

Controlled by the continental air mass all year round, it is dry and rainy. Winter is cold, summer is hot, and the climate changes greatly. yearly precipitation

Temperate continental climate: the temperature difference between winter and summer is large (Leng Xia is hot in winter, but it is also short), and the precipitation is less (500mm-600mm).

[Edit this paragraph] Reason

The temperate continental climate is mainly distributed in 40 ~ 60 Eurasia and inland areas of North America. Because it is far away from the ocean and the humid climate is difficult to reach, it is dry and rainy, and the daily temperature difference is greater than the annual temperature difference. Moreover, the closer to the center of the mainland, the drier it is, the greater the annual and daily temperature difference, and the transition of vegetation from forest to grassland and desert.

1, widely distributed in Siberia, Asia, central and eastern North America and central and eastern Europe. Controlled by the continental air mass all the year round, living inland, far from the sea, leeward, severely blocked by mountains, with little precipitation.

2. The Patagonia Plateau in South America also has this kind of climate, because the westerly wind passes through the tall Andes and sinks after passing the mountain to form a foehn, and there is little frontal cyclone activity, coupled with the cold current flowing through the east coast of Falkland, so there is little rain all year round.

3. The temperate continental climate is a kind of climate type relative to the temperate maritime climate, because it is far from the ocean, so it is dry and rainy; Because of the control of continental air mass, the annual and daily variations of temperature are relatively large.

[Edit this paragraph] function

The climatic characteristics of temperate continental climate can be summarized as follows: Leng Xia is hot in winter, with large annual temperature difference, concentrated precipitation, distinct seasons, less annual rainfall and strong continental nature. Because it is far away from the ocean, the humid climate is difficult to reach, so it is dry and rainy, and the climate is very continental. The annual and monthly temperature differences are the highest among all climate types. Moreover, the closer to the center of the mainland, the drier it is, the greater the annual and daily temperature difference, and the transition of vegetation from forest to grassland and desert.

In short: it is hot in summer, cold in winter and humid all year round.

[Edit this paragraph] Temperature

Temperate continental climate, very cold in winter, controlled by high pressure, the lowest temperature reaches-73℃; In summer, the average temperature in July in the south reaches 26 ~ 27℃, and the highest temperature is 33℃, which is close to 20℃ in the north. The maximum annual change range is 62.3℃. Controlled by continental air mass all year round,

[Edit this paragraph] Precipitation

Precipitation increases from south to north (from west to east in North America), with annual precipitation ranging from below 200mm to around 400mm and reaching 300 ~ 600 mm in the north. The annual average temperature is above 20℃, and the highest in Leng Yue is generally above 18℃. The annual precipitation is large, concentrated in summer, which is due to more convective rainfall under the control of equatorial ocean air mass in summer and a large amount of precipitation brought by tropical cyclone transit, resulting in more rain in summer than in tropical dry and wet seasons; On some windward coasts, due to the influence of topography, the summer precipitation even exceeds that in the equatorial rainy climate zone. The annual precipitation is generally above 1, 0,500 ~ 2,000 mm. The tropical monsoon is developed in this area, and the dry and wet seasons are obvious, that is, the northeast wind blows in the northern hemisphere in winter, forming a dry season; In summer, the southwest wind from the Indian Ocean blows (northwest wind blows in the southern hemisphere), which is rich in water vapor and concentrated in precipitation, forming a warm season.

Seasonal distribution

Summer rain type: summer is affected by the ocean monsoon, and it is prone to convective weather and rain in summer; Winter rain type: near the Mediterranean climate zone, there is more winter rain. Precipitation: arid climate: also known as temperate desert climate, the annual precipitation is below 200 mm; Semi-arid climate: also known as temperate grassland climate, the annual precipitation is more than 200 mm and less than 400 mm. Vegetation type: the vegetation type corresponding to temperate semi-arid climate is temperate grassland, and the typical soil is chernozem; The vegetation type corresponding to temperate arid climate is temperate desert and the soil is desert soil.

deposit

Arid climate: Also known as temperate desert climate, the annual precipitation is below 200mm.

Semi-arid climate: also known as temperate grassland climate, the annual precipitation is more than 200 mm and less than 400 mm.

[Edit this paragraph] Vegetation types

The natural vegetation of temperate continental climate ranges from south to north, from temperate desert and temperate grassland to coniferous forest in sub-frigid zone.

The vegetation type corresponding to temperate semi-arid climate is temperate grassland and the typical soil is chernozem.

The vegetation type corresponding to temperate arid climate is temperate desert and the soil is desert soil.

[Edit this paragraph] Distribution scope

The temperate continental climate is located in the inland and the east coast of the mainland between 40 and 60-65 north latitude. Winter is controlled by continental climate, with the average temperature below 0℃ in Leng Yue in the south and close to -40℃ in the north. In the hottest month, the average temperature in the south is 26-27℃, and it is close to 20℃ in the north. The growing season is about 200 days in the south and only 50-70 days in the north. Belonging to this climate zone are: Northwest China, most parts of Siberia, most parts of Alaska and Canada, and the vicinity of the Great Lakes in the United States.

[Edit this paragraph] Typical area

The temperate continental climate in Asia is the most typical.

First of all, compared with other continental latitudes, the vast inland areas and high latitudes in Asia have the characteristics of Leng Xia fever in winter, short spring and autumn, high annual temperature range, concentrated precipitation season and high degree of continental development. Vilho's Jansk, Yakutsk and Chita are all on the east side of the Eurasian continent, while Bodo, Trondheim and Bilt are on the west side of the Eurasian continent, with the same latitude and different climate types. The first three places are characterized by cold winter, warm summer and high temperature during the year. The Yansk-Oymyakon region in the northeast of Siberia is extremely cold in winter, with the average temperature of 1 month as low as -50℃ and the absolute minimum temperature as high as -7 1℃, which is the "cold pole" in the northern hemisphere. The average temperature in July is above 10℃. The absolute annual range of Vilho Yansk is as high as 10 1.8℃, which is the largest area in annual range in the world. In addition, the temperature in Jansk, Yakutsk and Chita in Viho increased from March to April, and the temperature in 10 ~ 1 1 decreased. The temperature in spring was higher than that in autumn, and the precipitation was mainly concentrated in summer. So all three places have continental climate. In Bodo, Trondheim and Bilt at the corresponding latitudes on the west side of Eurasia, the temperature is around 0℃ in winter and cool in summer. The annual range is only 15 ~ 18℃, the monthly temperature difference between spring and autumn is less than 4 ~ 5℃, and the temperature in spring is lower than that in autumn, which belongs to maritime climate.

Secondly, the climate elements in Asia have changed greatly, which is also a reflection of the continental nature of the climate. On the Asian continent, there are the hottest, coldest, wettest and driest areas in the world. For example, Arabia, Mesopotamia, Iran and Pakistan are all the hottest regions in the world, and the absolute maximum temperature in Saudi Arabia can reach 50 ~ 55℃; It is also one of the driest areas in the world, where deserts are widely distributed and no-flow areas are vast. Kilapanchi, India is a humid corner of the world, with an average annual precipitation of10935mm.

Asia has a vast land area, the mainland is far from the ocean, the outline of the continent is complete, and there is no bay extending into the mainland; At the same time, this continent is located in the east of Eurasia, which weakens the influence of westerly circulation and Atlantic warm and humid airflow on Asian climate. According to the principle that the higher the latitude, the farther away from the ocean, the greater the annual temperature difference. Compared with other continental latitudes, the climate in the vast inland and high latitudes of Asia has a strong continental nature. Vilho's Yansk-Oymyakon region is located in the high latitude, with little heating in winter, and is located in the northeast of Asia, so it is difficult to be influenced by the west wind and warm current. In terms of circulation factors, winter is controlled by strong anticyclone, and the severe cooling effect causes low temperature; The topography of basins and depressions in the north here is more conducive to the concentration of cold air and the development of anticyclone. Therefore, it has become the coldest area in the northern hemisphere and the highest temperature all year round in the world.

[Edit this paragraph] Comparison

Because of the different physical properties of water and land, the climate in the hinterland of the mainland is very different from that in coastal or island areas. The former is a continental climate greatly influenced by the mainland, while the latter is a maritime climate greatly influenced by the ocean. The main differences between continental climate and maritime climate are as follows:

1) In the continental climate zone, the daily temperature range is greater than that in annual range, with the temperature rising rapidly in spring and falling rapidly in autumn. Generally speaking, the temperature in spring is higher than in autumn. In the maritime climate zone, the daily range is smaller than that in annual range, and the temperature rises slowly in spring and cools slowly in autumn. Generally speaking, the temperature in autumn is higher than in spring.

2) There is less precipitation in continental climate, with large seasonal variation of precipitation, dry climate, more precipitation in maritime climate, small seasonal variation of precipitation and humid climate.

Continental degree: the index indicating the degree of influence of the mainland on climate is called continental degree. Although the distribution of ocean and land affects many climatic factors, such as temperature, precipitation, humidity and so on. , the biggest influence on temperature, so the continental degree is mostly calculated by temperature, which is generally proportional to the temperature annual range, because with the increase of latitude, the temperature annual range itself tends to increase. In order to eliminate the influence of latitude and highlight the influence of land and sea, the designed continental degree is inversely proportional to latitude. The formula of continental degree proposed by Gio kinski, a Polish scholar, is K= 1.7A/sinφ-20.4.

Where a is the temperature annual range and φ is the latitude of the place, and the parameter (constant) in the formula is set to 100% with the continental degree of Viyansk, Siberia, the largest in annual range. When 50% of the climate in K> is continental, the area of K 1, D 1 accounts for half of the total area in China, and the drought is severe, and the desert Gobi area exceeds one million square kilometers.

Dryness: The scale to measure the degree of climate wetness or drought in a region is called wetness or dryness, and its calculation formula is defined as: wetness n = r/B0；; Dryness D=B0/r= 1/N

Where R is the annual precipitation of the place, B0 is the evaporation of the place (that is, the maximum possible evaporation), and when the precipitation of a place is greater than the evaporation, n >；; 1, D 1) accounts for half of the country's total area, and the drought is serious. The desert Gobi region has a temperate monsoon climate.

abstract

In winter, affected by the northerly winds in high latitudes inland, polar continental air masses prevail, which are cold and dry; In summer, influenced by polar ocean air mass or denatured tropical ocean air mass, southeast wind and southeast wind prevail, with warm, hot and rainy seasons. The annual precipitation is about 1000mm, of which about two thirds is concentrated in summer (hot and rainy in summer and cold and dry in winter). There are four distinct seasons throughout the year and the weather is changeable. With the increase of latitude, the temperature amplitude in winter and summer increases correspondingly, while the precipitation decreases gradually.

Monsoon is a prevailing wind whose direction changes obviously with the seasons. The area affected by tropical monsoon climate is called monsoon area, on the contrary, the area not affected by tropical monsoon climate is called non-monsoon area.

trait

Summer is hot and rainy, and winter is cold and dry. Temperate monsoon climate; The temperature is below 0 degrees in winter, and it rains the most in summer.

In winter, influenced by the high latitude inland north wind, the polar continental air mass prevails here, which is cold and dry.

In summer, influenced by polar ocean air mass or denatured tropical ocean air mass, southeast wind and southeast wind prevail, with warm, hot and rainy seasons. The annual precipitation is about 1000mm, of which about two thirds is concentrated in summer (hot and rainy in summer and cold and dry in winter).

The four seasons are distinct, and the direction of winter and summer monsoon changes obviously.

Be distributed

It appears on the east coast of Eurasia near 35 ~ 55 north latitude, including the area north of Qinling-Huaihe line in eastern China, Korean Peninsula, northern Japan and southern Russian Far East. It is located in the east temperate zone of Eurasia, specifically in North China, Northeast China of China, Northeast China of Honshu, Hokkaido Island, most parts of the Korean Peninsula and the Russian Far East.

cause

Located between the largest continent and the largest ocean, the thermal properties of land and ocean are significantly different. In summer, the Eurasian continental depression is connected, the ocean subtropical high extends westward and lifts northward, and the southeast monsoon emitted by the subtropical high in the North Pacific brings abundant precipitation. The northwest monsoon from the powerful Mongolian high in winter affects the local area. Because the wind shear meets the requirements of monsoon, it is a monsoon climate.

trait

1. High temperature and rainy in summer: In summer, the solar altitude angle increases, the days are long, the temperature is high, and the southeast monsoon blowing from the tropical ocean brings abundant precipitation.

2. Winter is cold and dry: the coldest monthly average temperature is below 0 degrees Celsius, and winter is cold. The reason is: the local latitude is high, close to the source of winter wind, the terrain is low and flat, and the winter wind is stronger.

The monsoon is extraordinary.

4. Summer and autumn are often affected by tropical cyclones.

[Edit this paragraph] Natural belt

It is a temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest belt. Because the climate characteristics of the above temperate climate types are mainly humid (semi-humid in North China Plain and Northeast China Plain), temperate broad-leaved forest landscape (forest and grassland landscape in North China Plain and Northeast China Plain) is generally developed, but there are some differences. There are more kinds of broad-leaved trees in East Asia than in Europe, including Quercus mongolica, Quercus liaotungensis, Acer, Tilia lindleyana, Birch and other miscellaneous trees. In western Europe, pure forests composed of single tree species are often formed, such as beech forests and oak forests. The broad-leaved forest landscape in North America (including the southern Great Lakes, Appalachian Mountains, Mississippi River Basin and Atlantic coastal lowlands) is dominated by American beech and sugar maple. Colored brown soil and gray brown soil are mainly developed in the whole temperate moist broad-leaved forest belt, while cinnamon soil and black soil are mainly developed in semi-humid forest grassland belt.

[Edit this paragraph] Agricultural landscape in this area

Major disastrous weather such as wheat, sugar beet, peanut and cotton.

Winter and spring: cold wave (sandstorm, frost, white damage)

Summer: Strong convective weather (thunderstorm, gale, hail)

[Edit this paragraph] represents the city.

China, Beijing, China and Tianjin.

More than one million square kilometers.