Want to know what books Confucius and Mencius can refer to?

Four Books and Five Classics. The Four Books and Five Classics are all Confucian classics, some of which were compiled by Zheng Xuan. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty established the Doctor of Five Classics in the fifth year of Jianyuan, which established the prominent position of Classics. After the implementation of the imperial examination in Sui Dynasty, the four books and five classics were required reading for students. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, the Four Books and Five Classics were expanded to Thirteen Classics. Students must learn these books by heart before they can pass the exam and enter the officialdom. Gaomi students have won the top spot in scientific research, and a large number of scholars, juren and scholars have emerged. The four books and five classics have made these students, and these students have won honor and added luster to Gaomi. Today, while recalling and studying Gaomi history and historical celebrities, we also need to seriously study the historical and practical functions of the Four Books and Five Classics. Today, I will briefly introduce the Four Books and Five Classics for my colleagues and readers. The four books refer to the four books: The University, The Doctrine of the Mean, The Analects of Confucius and Mencius. The Five Classics refer to five books: The Book of Songs, The Book of Songs, The Book of Rites, The Book of Changes and The Spring and Autumn Annals. Daxue: Daxue and The Doctrine of the Mean are two books in The Book of Rites, which are published separately because of their unique values. The first draft of Da Xue was written in the Warring States Period and finalized in the early Qin Dynasty. Author Zeng Shen. Zeng Shen, known as Ceng Zi in the world, was born in Nanwucheng (now Feixian County, Shandong Province) at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period and the beginning of the Warring States Period. He is the high foot of Confucius. Confucius, whose real name was Zhong Ni, was a thinker, politician and educator in the late Spring and Autumn Period, and was praised as a "saint" by later generations. Based on Confucius' thought of "benevolent governance", this book expounds the theory of "governing the country and leveling the world". Three principles and eight method steps are put forward. The three cardinal guides and the five permanent members are "to be virtuous, to be new to the people, and to stop at perfection", that is, "to advocate virtue, to innovate and to strive for a better ideal". The eight goals are to achieve: discipline (the theory of learning things), knowledge (awareness), honesty (honest thinking), integrity (correct thinking), self-cultivation (moral cultivation) and housekeeping. The Doctrine of the Mean: the author Zisi, surnamed Kong, Mingzisi, grandson of Confucius, son of Confucius. According to the quotations of Confucius, The Doctrine of the Mean is systematically expounded and edited into a book by inheriting the methods of Confucius' teaching experience. There are three main points in reasoning to the essence and discussing Tao to the micro: namely, destiny and Tao, neutrality and sincerity. The Analects of Confucius: This book is a record of Confucius' words and deeds compiled by Confucius' disciples and their disciples. The Analects of Confucius circulated today was compiled by Zheng Xuan in the Eastern Han Dynasty, with 20 articles. The content is mainly the theory of "benevolence" advocated by Confucius and the idea of "teaching without distinction", which puts forward the rule of law and enlightenment and opposes tyranny and arbitrary punishment and killing; "Jun Jun, minister, father and son" should be worthy of the name, be sincere and trustworthy, "be poor without flattery, be rich without arrogance" and so on. These theories of Confucius became the orthodoxy of feudal culture for more than two thousand years. Mencius: The author is Mencius and his disciple Zhang Wan in the Warring States Period. Mencius was born in Zou (now southeast of Zou County, Shandong Province). He was a thinker, politician and educator in the Warring States period. He is a link between the past and the future of Confucianism, and is called "Ya Sheng". Mencius put forward the theory that "the people are more important than the monarch", and strongly advocated that "law is king first" and "benevolent government" should be implemented to restore the well-field system in order to save punishment and thin taxes. Advocating that beginning of life is inherently good, emphasizing acquired education. Put forward arguments such as "those who do things govern the people, and those who do things govern the people". The Book of Songs is the earliest collection of poems in China, with a total of 305 articles, which are divided into three categories: style, elegance and ode. The wind has fifteen national styles and folk songs; Elegance is elegance, which is the joy of the court; Ode is the voice of the temple, and it is music used to hold sacrifices and celebrations for princes. Divided into national fu, Lu fu and Shang fu. Book Classic is the abbreviation of Shangshu, formerly known as Book. This book compiles China's ancient historical documents and works tracing ancient historical sites, and preserves some important historical materials of Shang and Zhou Dynasties. According to legend, it was compiled by Confucius and partly supplemented by later Confucianism. When Qin Shihuang burned books, all the books collected by the people were burned. Up to the beginning of Han Dynasty, 28 articles published by Dr. Ji 'nan Life were all written in official script, which was popular in Han Dynasty, and was called Jinwen Shangshu. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Wang found Kong Anguo's collated books on the chapters of the Warring States Period on the wall of Confucius' former residence, which was 16 more than Shangshu, and was called "the ancient prose Shangshu". The Book of Rites was written by Duke Zhou and formulated by Confucius. This book is a compilation of some etiquette systems in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, with 17 articles. The book was written in the early and middle Warring States Period, and there are many annotations in later generations, among which the Book of Rites was written by Zheng Xuan in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Yijing is called Yijing for short. He wrote for a long time and experienced many saints, which was the result of the collective creation of ancient sages. The completion of the Book of Changes is generally said to have experienced three sages, that is, the so-called "there are many sages, and the world is three ancient" ("Han Shu's Literary Records"). These three saints are Fuxi, Zhou Wenwang (including Duke Zhou and his son) and Confucius, the sage of Confucius. Fuxi was in ancient times, Zhou Wenwang was in the Middle Ages, and Confucius was also called Gu Xia in modern times. The Book of Changes we see today can be said to have been created by three ancient sages. Fuxi created eight diagrams to predict the weather, which is what we often call a wordless gobbledygook. Because there were no words at all in Fuxi era, the book of changes at that time had only images and no words, and was honored as "a painting opens the sky" All the words are added slowly after they have words, so that in the end, the whole Book of Changes is only over 4,000 words. Fuxi created gossip, and he was the initiator of the Book of Changes. Fuxi's gossip tells people the state of the universe and lets them know how to adapt and improve. Chunqiu is the chronicle of Chunqiu. According to legend, it was compiled and revised by Confucius according to the Spring and Autumn Annals compiled by historian Lu. This book records a total of 242 years' history from Luyin to Lu Aigong in 14 years, with concise words and proper praise and criticism. Later people called it "Spring and Autumn brushwork", which is the origin of later chronicles. Confucian classics were called "Six Classics" in the Warring States Period. Tian Yun, Zhuangzi: "Confucius said that Lao Dan said,' Qiu Zhi's Six Classics, Poems, Books, Rites, Music, I Ching, Spring and Autumn Period, I have been thinking about it for a long time." By the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Dong Zhongshu's suggestion was adopted, that is, "to oust a hundred schools and respect Confucianism alone", and Confucius' poems, books, rituals, changes and the Spring and Autumn Period were regarded as the five classics (when Yue was lost, it was called no classics), and official schools and doctors were set up. The Han Dynasty advocated "ruling the world with filial piety", so in the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Classic of Filial Piety and The Analects of Confucius were also respected as classics, and the Seven Classics came into being. In the Tang Dynasty, Biography of the Spring and Autumn Ram, Biography of the Spring and Autumn Period _ Liang, Biography of the Spring and Autumn Period Zuoshi, Book of Songs and Book of Changes were collectively called the Nine Classics, and the Analects of Confucius and the Classic of Filial Piety were added to these nine Classics during the Daiwa period in Tang Wenzong. Source: Charming China