A case study of Chinese language counseling in senior high school

promote/begin/get up/perhaps/a surname/interest

Learning process:

First, enter a new lesson.

Second, the author's brief introduction.

Gao Shi (700-765) was born in Bohai Guo (now Jingxian County, Hebei Province). As for his origin, it is impossible to know now. Gao Shi is one of the important poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, and his poems are rich in content. In his early years, because of political frustration and difficult life, many of his poems were self-destructive and eager to use the world. Like what? Wandering with things forever, feeling old? ("Reward Pei Xiucai")? Twilight shakes your arm and leans on your sword to lament the autumn grass? ("Gu Daliang"). Gao Shi's personality is bold and unrestrained. When he was young, he yearned for meritorious service and frontier life: leaning against the sword and thinking about Huo Wei? ("Rewarding Xue to Send Guo Shaofu and Wei Sanzheng"), I personally experienced the frontier life. Therefore, frontier poems are also a main content of his early creation. Most of Gao Shi's early frontier poems came from his personal experience and were felt after calm observation. Therefore, they are highly targeted and far more profound in reflecting reality than other frontier poets of their time. They not only showed the high spirit of pursuing fame, but also expressed the sadness caused by looking directly at the cold reality. Therefore, he was promoted to be the representative of frontier fortress poetry in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.

Background introduction.

In the fifteenth year of Kaiyuan (727), Gao Shi went north to accumulate Yumen. In twenty years, Li Yi, the king of Xin 'an, conquered Xi and Qidan. He went north to Youyan, hoping to work for the Xin 'an shogunate, but failed to do so. Without the security book, the generals are already in debt. Mourn for Sun Wu and return to China alone? (Working in Thistle). It can be seen that he has studied the military affairs of the northeast frontier fortress. In the 21st year of Kaiyuan, Youzhou made Zhang Shouxuan make some achievements. But in twenty-four years, Zhang Rang Pinglu made Anshi Rebellion denounce Xi and Qidan. Lushan was defeated by Lu by courage? (Zi Tongzhi Jian (Volume 215). Twenty-six years, Youzhou ordered Zhao Kan and Bai Zhentuo to keep Zhang Shouxuan, and forced Lu Army to send troops to attack Xi and Qidan, winning first and then losing. ? Hide it and bring out the merits you won? (Old Tang books. Zhang Shousheng biography). Gao Shi was deeply impressed by the two defeats after Kaiyuan twenty-four years ago, so he wrote this article.

The main purpose of the poem is to condemn the generals who were encouraged by the emperor for their arrogance, underestimation, dissoluteness and dereliction of duty, which led to the failure of the war and caused great pain and sacrifice to the soldiers. The poet wrote about the frontier war, but the focus was not on ethnic contradictions, but on generals who sympathized with soldiers, satirized and resented them.

(2) Supplementary introduction: For example? Order? As I said, this poem is emotional. Where is it? Feeling? Things, and who? (Zhang Gong)? Zhang Gong? who is it? (Zhang Shousheng) At that time, Zhang Shousheng held an important position, was a general of the auxiliary country and an ancient scholar, and presided over the northern military confrontation with Qidan; Historically, he concealed the defeat of his generals and made a false performance to the court. In addition, not long before writing this poem, Gao Shi once wandered in Jibei with lofty sentiments and ambitions, seeking opportunities to serve the country. At that time, it was the frontier area where the Tang Dynasty confronted the Khitan. The situation is very tense. This is a place for employing people. Because the local military and political bureaucrats blocked the road to virtue, Gao Shi's wish could not be realized, but he knew the reality of the frontier fortress more concretely and thoroughly. This personal experience also provides a solid life and ideological foundation for the writing of Xing.

Third, read the whole poem aloud.

(1) teacher's template reading.

(2) Students read independently according to their notes.

Fourth, the overall perception.

1, vernacular translation:

In the twenty-sixth year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, a man who came back from the cottage with the head coach wrote a poem "Ge Yanxing" for me to read. I was deeply impressed by the frontier defense, so I wrote this song Ge Yanxing to meet him.

Smoke and dust on the northeast border cover the sky; The generals went to the front to wipe out the fierce enemy.

The hero in my mind attaches importance to Chi's defending the country on the battlefield; The son of heaven of the Korean family especially appreciates this spirit.

The team beating gongs and drums went out of Shanhaiguan; The flag covers the sky and winds along the northern seashore.

A captain sent an emergency military book from the arrogant desert; It is said that Khan burned the war to the Wolf Mountain in Inner Mongolia.

The landscape of mountains and rivers is depressed, extending to the end of the border; The enemy's invasion was as violent as wind and rain.

Soldiers fight in the front line, half dead; The general is still watching beautiful women's songs and dances in the camp.

In late autumn, the desert in the north is full of rotten grass; As dusk falls, there are fewer and fewer soldiers to fight and defend in the lonely city.

Soldiers often fight to the death because of the emperor's love, regardless of stubborn enemies; Despite efforts, the siege of Guanshan has not been lifted.

The soldiers wore armor and defended the border for a long time; The wife at home must be in tears and always sad.

Young women dare not cry at home in Chang' an; Recruiting people to look back at their hometown in vain on the northern border of Hebei Province.

If you want to go back to your hometown, you can cross the border by plane. There is only vast territory and chaos in the world.

At 3 o'clock in the morning and 3 o'clock in the afternoon, there are murderous battle clouds; The frequent fighting at night makes people shudder.

You and I look at each other, and there is blood on the snow-white combat knife; Since ancient times, loyalty has died, regardless of merit.

You didn't see those soldiers who suffered on the battlefield; I still miss General Li Guang in the Western Han Dynasty.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) reads the poem aloud and divides it into bars.

The whole poem uses very concentrated pen and ink to write the whole process of a battle:

The first paragraph of the eight sentences was written by the teacher;

In the second paragraph, I wrote eight sentences about defeat;

In the third paragraph, eight sentences were written and surrounded;

In the fourth paragraph, I wrote four sentences about the ending of the fight.

Sixth, enjoy reading poetry through keyword analysis.

The expiration/end/completion of an apprenticeship

The northeast border of China is shrouded in smoke and dust. In order to repel the barbaric invaders, our generals left their families.

Stride forward together, looking like heroes should watch, and received the emperor's most cordial favor.

They walked through the elm pass with the sound of gongs and drums. They waved a row of flags around the stone tablet.

Until their captain in Shahai gave the order with feathers, the hunting fire of the Tatar chieftain flashed along the Wolf Mountain.

1. Poet description? Shall we start? What kind of momentum has it rendered? Combined with the whole poem, how to understand the description of this momentum? (combined? Cut the drum with gold? And then what? Hey? To analyze)

We can know the general's arrogant attitude before the war through the scene of beating the sky with a golden drum and swaggering forward, which also played a role in setting off the following.

2.？ From where? And then what? Very? What are the functions of these two function words?

? Stride forward together, look like a hero, and get the greatest favor from the emperor? The majestic glory of when Han will go to China seems to have been ironically hinted. Fan Kuai said in front of Lv Hou. I am willing to lead 100,000 people and run amok among the Huns. Lu Bu rebuked him for cheating you to his face. (See Biography of Historical Records and Ji Bu) So, what about this? Run amok? The origin of it means relying on courage and underestimating your enemy. Tang Ruxun said:? It is said that the dust was committed in the northeast, not in our mainland, but was extinguished by the Han generals. This life is heavy, and the son of heaven is thick and polite. How can he be safe?

3. appreciation? Fly? And then what? Photos? What are the expressive functions of these two verbs?

? Until their captain gives orders with feathers on the beach? , one? Fly? This word warns of a military crisis.

4.？ Guan Yu, Jieshi, Haohai and Langshan? What is the expressive function of connecting four places?

From resigning to the countryside, to Guan Yu, Jieshi, and even Hanhai and Langshan, eight poems summarize the course of the expedition, gradually advancing and the atmosphere gradually tense.

lick the dust

The highlands and rivers on the outer border were cold and desolate, but soon the barbarians' horses ran wild in the wind and rain.

Half of our soldiers at the front line were killed, but the other half are still alive, and beautiful girls are still singing and dancing for them in the camp!

In autumn, the desert is full of grass, the sun sets, and there are only a few surviving watchmen by the lonely wall.

When you meet your enemy, you will despise him. However, despite what they have done, Elm Street is still not safe.

1. What are the disadvantages of soldiers' fighting conditions? Please summarize.

①? Depression? Bad natural conditions; ②? Yuling? The enemy is fierce and powerful; ③? Storm? Bad weather. Summary: The crisis of the war situation and the harsh fighting conditions are rendered.

2.？ Half of our soldiers at the front were killed, but the other half are still alive, and the beautiful girls are still singing and dancing for them in the camp? The role of this contrast technique.

Using sharp contrast, the soldiers fight for their country and the generals' pleasure are compared. Although there was no discussion, their feelings and views were revealed, full of anger and irony.

3.？ Deserts in poor autumn, grasslands in lonely cities, and combat soldiers in the sunset? What kind of artistic conception does the six images create?

The artistic conception of desolation, decline, neglect and desolation, and the gloomy scenery with distinctive frontier characteristics set off the desolation of the defeated soldiers' mood.

What do you think are the reasons for Tang Jun's failure? What is the main reason?

Bad natural conditions, bad climatic conditions, and fierce conflicts between the enemy and ourselves. Among them, the contradiction between officers and soldiers, especially the pleasure of officials, is the main reason.

The besieged

Still in the front line, the real clothes are thin, and it's time for Bai Weiling to look after his departure.

Still in this southern city, the young wife's heart is broken, while the soldiers on the northern border are looking forward to going home in vain.

The wind cut off our progress, and in the place of death and blue void, there is nothing ahead!

Three times a day, the dark clouds of slaughter rose over the camp. All night, the drums on the hour trembled and gave a cold rumble.

1. Homesickness and pain of parting are the traditional contents of frontier fortress poems. How does the poet write here to ask for people's pain?

(buckle? Long heartbreak? , experience the inner pain of recruiting people)

2. Does this poem's separation and yearning for men and women deviate from the whole poem's description of the war process? What is the connection?

3.？ There is nothing in the vast territory. With what? Killing array cloud cold sound Diao Dou? Is it contradictory? How to understand?

4. What is the connection between thinking about women's sufferings and condemning Han?

This paragraph about the suffering of soldiers is actually a deeper condemnation of Han Jiang. It should be noted that this is not a general description of the war process, but a portrayal of the soldiers in danger of being besieged. ? Still on the front line, the armor is worn out? The next trilogy, a husband, a woman who is thinking about her husband's suspense, the complicated relative, the pain of parting, gradually deepened. Young women in the south of the city are sad day and night, but? Wind and fury cut our army into the northern expedition of thistle, and it was in vain to look back after all? In a place of death and blue void, there is nothing ahead! ? Out of Wan Li, never seen? Life is here, heaven is better! ? Worse than what I saw during the day, just? Dark clouds of slaughter rise over the concentration camp three times a day? ; I heard it at night, but? All night, the drums were shaking on the hour? In such a critical situation, death is really imminent. People can't help asking, who pushed them into this desperate situation? This is an indispensable part of deepening the theme.

make arduous efforts

Until the white sword is seen again, spattered with red blood, when death becomes a responsibility, who will stop to think about fame?

However, when it comes to the hardships of desert war, our name today is Li, the great general, who lived a long time ago!

1.？ Until the white sword was seen again, spattered with red blood? In sharp contrast to the above sentence, when death becomes a responsibility, who will stop to think about fame? How does it compare with the generals?

? Until the white sword is seen again, spattered with red blood, when death becomes a responsibility, who will stop to think about fame? In the end, the soldiers fought bloody battles with the enemy. Is this the spirit of sacrificing one's life for righteousness? How simple, kind and brave they are, but how sad they are! The poet's feelings contain compassion and praise, but? Gu Xun? It is a powerful mockery of the Han generals' reckless expansion and insatiable greed.

2. Why? Is there any difference between General Li and the general in the poem?

Li Guang: He has both wisdom and courage, takes the lead, is not greedy for merit, and loves the army.

General: No courage, no plan, relying on courage to underestimate the enemy, staying away from the front line, enjoying it and being overjoyed, regardless of the lives of soldiers.

Seven, summarize the full text.

1. What are the poems? What is the language of sadness? Can't bear to see more.

Clear:? What about the beautiful girls who lived and died in the first half of the warrior army and still danced and sang for them in the camp? 、? Or in the front line, wearing a thin armor, should Bai Weiling look after parting? 、? Or in this southern city, the young wife's heart is broken, while the soldiers on the northern border are looking forward to going home in vain? ; These poems show the misery of frontier soldiers through sharp contrast.

2. Ideological content:

This poem is rich in ideological connotation and summarizes many aspects of the frontier life of Tang Jun soldiers in Kaiyuan period. The key point is to expose the disparity between the bitterness and joy of the officers and men of the army, criticize the generals for corruption and incompetence, and never sympathize with the soldiers who fought bloody battles.

3. Artistic features:

1. Good at describing frontier fortress scenery and rendering war atmosphere;

4. Deepen the theme of this group of works by means of comparison;

3. Seven-character songs, referring to French sentences, form the beauty of tone.

4. The style of this poem: vigorous and solemn, with awe-inspiring style.

Eight, read poetry together.

The whole poem is magnificent, vigorous in brushwork, solemn and stirring in atmosphere and profound in thought. ? The highlands and rivers on the outer border were cold and desolate, but soon the barbarians' horses ran wild in the wind and rain? ,? The desert in autumn is full of grass, and there are a few surviving watchmen by the lonely wall in the sunset? The poet deliberately hinted and played up the tragic scene, exposing the sins of the generals who were eager for success with desolate horror. Especially in the fierce war, the poet described the complex and changeable inner activities of soldiers, which was tragic and touching and deepened the theme. The whole poem hides sharp contrast everywhere. From the description throughout the whole article, the soldiers' loyalty to their duties is in sharp contrast with the Han generals' pampering and greed, the soldiers' hard work and long-term separation from their families, and the Han generals' dereliction of duty and debauchery. Finally, Li Guang is put forward, which is a comparison between ancient and modern times. The whole article? Half of our soldiers at the front were killed, but the other half are still alive, and the beautiful girls are still singing and dancing for them in the camp? ,? What is the most profound sentence? (Wu Rulun's comments are quoted from Poems of Tang and Song Dynasties). This contrast is very clear, which greatly strengthens the power of satire.

Nine, assign homework.

Recite and remember the whole poem.