What is the grape yield per mu in the Horqin region of Inner Mongolia?

The grape yield in Horqin District can reach 600 kilograms to 1,000 kilograms per mu during the fruiting period.

Cultivation and planting technology of grapes

1. Requirements of grapes for environmental conditions

1. Grapes are temperature-loving plants. Germination begins when the temperature is 10 degrees in early spring. The higher the temperature, the faster the germination. The optimum temperature for the flowering period is 25 to 30 degrees. When encountering low temperature (below 15 degrees), rain, fog, and dry wind, pollination and fertilization will be poor, resulting in a large number of flowers and fruits falling. The ripening period of berries is from July to September. If the temperature is insufficient, the berries will have poor coloring, reduced sugar content, and may not even be fully ripe. Whether the local area can meet the temperature for grape fruits to fully mature is usually based on the accumulated temperature. For example, the mature accumulated temperature of "Shifeng" (the sum of daily average temperatures from the flowering stage to the mature stage) is 2564 degrees, and its flowering stage to mature period is 102 days.

2. Grapes are light-loving. Under sufficient light conditions, the leaves are thick and dark green, photosynthesis is strong, the plants grow strong, there are many flower buds, the berries have high sugar content and sweetness, and the yield is high.

3. The humidity is not easy to be too high. There is heavy rainfall before flowering, and excessive growth of new shoots consumes the stored nutrients of the plant; it is rainy during the flowering period and poor fertilization, causing flower drop; it is rainy during the fruit hypertrophy period to the maturity period, and there is insufficient light, low sugar content, poor coloration, poor quality, and easy fruit cracking. High temperature, rain and humidity are also the main reasons for the increase in grape diseases.

2. Fertilizer and water management

Grapes are perennial plants that grow and bear fruit every year and need to absorb a large amount of nutrients from the soil. In order to maintain healthy tree growth and continuously improve product yield and quality, attention must be paid to rational fertilization. According to the measurement of some high-yield grape gardens in my country, for every 100 kilograms of berries produced, approximately 0.25 to 0.75 kilograms of nitrogen, 0.2 to 0.75 kilograms of phosphorus, and 0.13 to 0.63 kilograms of potassium are needed. Various regions can create appropriate fertilizer amounts according to local conditions through production practices and scientific experiments.

According to the fertilization period, it can be divided into base fertilizer and top dressing. Base fertilizer should be applied after the fruit is harvested until the end of September and early October when the new shoots are fully mature. The base fertilizer is a mixture of slow-acting fertilizers such as decomposed manure or manure, poultry manure, green manure and phosphate fertilizer (superphosphate). Topdressing is generally done more than ten days before flowering with quick-acting nitrogen fertilizers such as decomposed manure, cake fertilizer, etc. Topdressing in early July is mainly potassium fertilizer such as plant ash, chicken manure, etc. Fertilizer can be applied by digging a circular trench about 1 meter away from the plant. The depth of the base fertilizer is about 40 centimeters. Top dressing should be shallower to avoid excessive damage to the roots. Watering is required after fertilizing.

Top dressing of grape roots has a significant effect on improving yield and quality, and the method is simple. Spraying 1 to 3% superphosphate solution before flowering, during the young fruit stage and during the ripening stage of berries can increase yield and improve quality; spraying 0.05 to 0.1% boric acid solution before flowering can increase the fruit setting rate; during the fruit setting period Spraying 0.02% potassium salt solution or 3% plant ash leaching solution during the fruit growth period (soak the day before spraying) can increase the sugar content and yield of berries. When spraying fertilizer outside the roots, in case of drought, the concentration should be appropriately reduced to avoid leaf burning; in areas where fertilizer has not been applied before, it is advisable to trial a small amount first, gain experience, and then gradually promote it.

Grapes are relatively drought-tolerant, but if properly irrigated, the yield can be significantly increased. Before the sap flows to flowering, attention should be paid to keeping the soil moist. If irrigation can be combined with top dressing at this time, good fertilizer and water conditions can be created for flowering and fruit setting. However, too much water during the flowering period will cause a lot of flower and fruit drop. Unless the soil is too dry, watering during the flowering period should not be done. After fruit setting and before fruit coloring, the temperature is high and the transpiration from the leaves is large, requiring a large amount of water. Watering can be done every 7 to 10 days depending on the weather. After the fruit grains are colored and begin to soften, unless there are too many drought years, the sugar content of the fruit will decrease and it will not tolerate storage and will crack easily. During the dormant period, too dry soil is not conducive to overwintering, and too wet soil can easily cause mold and rot in the buds. Generally, after harvesting, the grapes are irrigated once with fertilization in autumn. In northern production areas, they also need to be irrigated with east water before cold protection. This is an important measure for cold protection of grapes. .