Why is the coldest place in the world not the North Pole?

Because there is a colder place, Oymyakon is located in a basin in the northeast of Siberia, Russia, in the upper reaches of the Indigilka River, with an altitude of about 74 1 m and an area of 422 square kilometers. "Cold" is the most famous local label, but the place name Oymyakon means "unfrozen water" in Yakutia, which refers to the hot springs near the town with a temperature of more than ten degrees all the year round. A long time ago, herders usually drove reindeer and cattle to rest here. Over the years, in the 1920s and 1930s, it gradually developed into a village. Today, there are only about 500 permanent residents in the town, all of whom are Saha people. They live an almost primitive life and have little contact with the outside world. Most of them live on reindeer and hunting. When I arrived in Oymyakon, the first thing I saw was the local landmark-the monument at minus 7 1.2 degrees, which recorded the coldest day of 1933. Actually, the latitude of the town is not too high. The reason why it is so cold is that the geographical location is close to the Arctic Circle, which leads to the sunshine time in this area not increasing much compared with the Arctic. In addition, the town is located inland, far away from any marine water body that has a certain impact on the local weather. In addition, the east, west and south are all in the valley surrounded by Chersky Mountains and Yansk Mountains in Vilho, which makes the weather here extremely cold. As the coldest town in human settlements, despite the bad weather and many inconveniences, the residents of Oymyakon have found a way to live in harmony with nature. In the winter of Oymyakon, there is only a vast expanse of whiteness between heaven and earth. When you exhale, you can immediately hear the sound of hot air turning into ice. Outside, people wrap themselves like bears. If the cold protection measures are not in place, the skin will be frostbitten in a few seconds. There are few pedestrians in the street. Looking around, several pedestrians are trotting, often coming out of a warm room and then going to the next warm room. In such an environment, if local people want to live and work in peace and contentment, they must build their own houses very firmly and warmly. Here, building a house is a complicated process, because the foundation is frozen soil, and the time to build a house can only be in summer. At other times, the land is as hard as stone and it is impossible to start construction. The house must be built on an underground stake at least 1 m deep. The distance between the house and the ground 1 m will prevent the house from collapsing due to the indoor hot air melting the frozen soil foundation. The walls are composed of three or four layers of logs, which are patchwork and filled with materials that can keep warm, such as moss. Water pipes can't be buried underground, they are all laid on the ground. People set up some heating stations along the way to prevent the water in the pipeline from freezing. Although there are buildings in the town now, it is too cold to live in them. People still like to live in houses where firewood can be burned. Because water pipes often freeze, most residents have no toilets at home. They basically use "outdoor toilets"-digging a hole in the open snow and building a simple triangular shed with wood. Although it is difficult, it is very enjoyable. Source: Global Human Geography