Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Weather forecast - 1. The main environmental problems currently existing in China and their causes
1. The main environmental problems currently existing in China and their causes
1. What is the current situation of resource development, utilization and environmental quality in my country?
1. At this stage, the development and utilization of major natural resources such as mineral resources, energy and water resources in my country are on a huge scale?
During the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" period, China's total energy consumption continued to grow rapidly, from 1.35 billion tons of standard coal in 2001 to 2.22 billion tons of standard coal in 2005, an increase of 64.4%. my country's total water resources account for 6.5% of the world's total, and its total water consumption accounts for 15.4% of the world's total. The development and utilization rates of water resources in the Yellow River Basin, Huaihe River Basin and Haihe River Basin have reached as high as 70%, 60% and 90% respectively.
It is internationally recognized that the development and utilization rate of river water resources should be less than 40%, otherwise it will endanger the health of the river and the safety of the basin. In the past few years, the increase in my country's major resource consumption has accounted for the world's total increase, including energy, coal, oil and steel, etc., ranking first in the world, and the scale of resource development and utilization is huge. ?
2. The efficiency of resource development and utilization in my country is not high?
Currently, my country’s raw material utilization efficiency is low and waste is serious. The consumption intensity per unit output value is much higher than the world average. The resource output level is only equivalent to 1/10 of the United States and 1/20 of Japan.
Take water resources as an example. The total amount of water consumed by agricultural irrigation in my country accounts for 70% of the total water consumption. However, due to the water delivery method, irrigation method, farmland water conservancy infrastructure, farming system, Due to cultivation methods and other reasons, the utilization rate of agricultural water is not high. The canal irrigation area is only 30%-40%, and the well irrigation area is only 60%, which is lower than the water resource utilization rate of 80% in developed countries. ?
3. The emission of pollutants is large, and the pollution and damage to the ecological environment are serious?
my country’s total emission of pollutants is large, and the emission of SO2 and nitrogen oxides per unit of GDP is It ranks 8-9 times that of developed countries. It ranks second in the world in energy consumption and CO2 emissions. It ranks first in daily water consumption and average daily sewage discharge. Its organic sewage discharge is equivalent to that of the United States, Japan and India. The total amount of pollutant emissions per unit of GDP is more than ten times the average level of developed countries.
4. Insufficient investment in environmental protection and large historical debts?
From an overall and overall perspective, the treatment of environmental pollution in my country at this stage is slow, and the speed of treatment cannot keep up with the speed of destruction and pollution. , the results of key environmental management projects are not obvious and prone to recurrence. Although my country's investment in environmental protection has increased in total, its proportion in the gross national product is still low.
Mr. Qu Geping, a senior expert on environmental issues and environmental management in my country, the first director of the Environmental Protection Bureau of New China, and chairman of the my country Environmental Protection Foundation, believes that the phased tasks of environmental protection in our country have never been achieved. In April 2006, he attended the opening forum of the Tongji HSBC Environment and Sustainable Development Future Leaders Training Course and stated that "the targets set in the environmental protection plan over the past 25 years have never been fully achieved."
Insufficient investment in environmental protection has resulted in large historical debts, and the use efficiency of limited investment is not high. In addition, environmental pollution has a long time span, a wide geographical scope, a large total amount of pollutants, and complex types of pollution, which has intensified The difficulty of environmental pollution control in my country. ?
2. The main reasons for my country’s resource and environmental problems?
1. Overemphasis on economic indicators in performance evaluation?
After the reform and opening up, economic construction was the main The center is placed at the forefront of my country's economic and social development. For a long time, economic indicators have become the main basis for performance evaluation of party and government leaders, causing party and government leaders to pay too much attention to GDP growth and even sacrifice resources and the environment in exchange for short-term economic gains. volume growth.
Due to the lack of obvious constraints on resource and environmental protection in performance evaluations, local governments are not very enthusiastic in resource and environmental protection. It is often difficult to provide environmental supporting funds within the budget, and social capital investment is limited. , resulting in my country’s long-term insufficient investment in environmental protection.
2. Extensive economic growth mode and unreasonable energy structure have caused serious resource consumption and environmental pollution?
In the current division of labor in the international market, my country has become the world’s processing plant , undertook the industrial transfer of labor-intensive, high-input, high-consumption, and high-pollution economies in the international market. Over the years, economic growth has followed an extensive development path of high investment, high consumption, and high pollution. The growth of the total economic output has been based to a considerable extent on the basis of massive consumption of resources and serious environmental pollution. ?
my country is one of the few countries in the world whose energy consumption is dominated by coal. At present, my country's coal production and consumption account for more than 30% of the world's total. It is estimated that 70% of national soot emissions, 90% of SO2 emissions, 67% of nitrogen oxide emissions, and 70% of CO2 emissions come from coal combustion. Coal burning is the main cause of soot-type air pollution and acid rain in my country. important cause of pollution. ?
Extended information:
The main reason for the increasingly serious environmental pollution in China is the sharp increase in primary energy consumption accompanying rapid development, and most of it is coal-fired. .
Like other East Asian countries, China relies on exports to drive economic development; while focusing on improving industrial productivity, there are basically no ecological protection and pollution control measures to reduce pollutant emissions. In terms of biological resources, China has developed a biodiversity action plan to protect threatened species and habitats.
There are different statistics on the annual losses caused by environmental pollution in China: the State Environmental Protection Administration pointed out that pollution losses reached 3% of GDP in 2004; other estimates believe that environmental losses reached 5-10% of GDP. 358,000 people die each year due to air pollution.
According to reports, Xie Fuzhan, director of China’s National Bureau of Statistics, confirmed that the government will no longer publish green GDP data. The Wall Street Journal stated that the estimated environmental cost of China's economic growth hinders the performance evaluation and image of local officials. It is controversial and overly sensitive, and has been resisted by local government officials.
Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia-China Environment
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