Common natural disaster avoidance and self-rescue methods

Once a natural disaster occurs, the consequences will be unimaginable. Therefore, I have compiled common knowledge about natural disaster avoidance and self-rescue to let everyone know how to respond immediately when encountering similar situations. Help yourself and reduce losses as much as possible.

Self-rescue methods for heavy rain natural disasters

Preparation before heavy rain

1. Check the house. If it is a dilapidated house or is in a low-lying area, you should timely transfer.

2. Suspend outdoor activities and schools can temporarily suspend classes.

3. Check whether circuits, stoves and other facilities are safe, and turn off the main power switch.

4. Close the cover in advance to dry items in the open air, pack up valuables at home and put them on a shelf or place them in a high place.

5. Suspension of field work, outdoor personnel should immediately take shelter in high ground or caves.

Emergency Points

6. To prevent minor waterlogging in residents’ houses, measures can be taken according to local conditions, such as placing water barriers, stacking sandbags or building ridges at the door of the house. Dangerous houses or low-lying areas The occupants of the residence were promptly moved to a safe place.

7. Turn off the gas valve and main power switch.

8. When outdoor water spills into the room, the power supply should be cut off immediately to prevent the water from being electrified and injuring people.

9. Immediately stop field farming activities and outdoor activities.

10. When walking in standing water outdoors, pay attention and walk close to buildings to prevent falling into manholes, pits, etc.

11. Pay attention to heavy rain at night to prevent old houses from collapsing and injuring people.

12. Don’t ride a bicycle when it rains heavily. Be careful when walking in standing water. Prevent falling into manholes, pits or holes.

13. When drivers encounter too deep water on the road or under an overpass, they should try to go around and avoid forcing through.

14. If the car stalls in a low-lying area on a rainy day, do not wait in the car. Get off the car and wait for rescue at a higher place.

Expert Tips

15. Rivers are important drainage channels in cities. Do not throw garbage and debris into road sewers to prevent blockage and waterlogging.

16. Residents who live in bungalows should inspect their houses and repair their roofs before the rainy season.

17. Try not to go out during heavy rains. When you must go out, try to avoid areas with serious water accumulation.

18. When traveling in mountainous areas, pay attention to preventing flash floods. Special attention must be paid when the upstream water suddenly becomes turbid and the water level rises rapidly.

Self-rescue methods for avoiding natural disasters due to hail

Common experiences

Feeling hot and cold: If the morning during the hail season is cool, the humidity is high, and the solar radiation is strong at noon, If the air convection is strong, it will easily develop into cumulonimbus clouds and cause hail. Therefore, there are sayings: "It's cool in the morning, but it's freezing in the afternoon" and "There's heavy dew in the morning, and there's heavy hail in the afternoon."

Identify the wind direction: Strong winds often appear before hail and the wind direction changes drastically. Farmers' proverbs include "evil clouds grow when the wind blows, and hailstones fall with the wind", "wind twists the clouds, and hailstones fall". If the south wind blows continuously, the wind direction changes to the northwest or north wind, and when the wind strength increases, hail is often accompanied by it. Therefore, there is a saying that "if the east wind does not blow, it will not rain, and if the south wind does not blow, there will be no hail."

Observing clouds: There are many proverbs from various places that explain the precursors of hail based on the color of clouds. For example, "If you are not afraid of black clouds, you are afraid of black clouds mixed with red. You are most afraid of red and yellow clouds." "White worm", "black cloud tail, yellow cloud head, hail kills sheep and cattle", because of the color of the hail, first the top is white and the bottom is black, and then the middle part becomes red, forming white, black and red twisted cloud filaments, with the edge of the cloud appearing upward yellow. Other sayings that the cloud shape is a precursor to hail include "dark clouds roll into groups in the afternoon, wind, rain and hail come together", "the sky is yellow and sultry, dark clouds roll in, the Tianhe water roars to prevent hail", etc., indicating that the air convection is extremely strong and the clouds develop rapidly. It seems like thick smoke is rushing straight upward, and the clouds are rolling up and down and back and forth. This kind of cloud is very prone to hail.

Listen to thunder: Thunder is dull. Continuously, the people called this kind of thunder "Ramo Thunder". Therefore, there is a saying that "nothing will happen if there is thunder, but eggs will be laid by dull thunder". This is because horizontal flashes in hail clouds have a higher frequency and wider range than vertical flashes. The thunder and echoes emitted by various parts of the lightning are mixed together and sound continuous.

Understand lightning: Generally, lightning in hail clouds is mostly lightning between clouds, that is, "horizontal flash", which shows that the process of forming hail in the cloud is very advanced. Therefore, there is a saying that "vertical flashes can prevent hail disasters, and horizontal flashes can prevent hail disasters."

Look at physical phenomena: There is a lot of experience in detecting hail by looking at physical phenomena. For example, Guizhou has "Swan geese fly low, and hail comes quickly." Liang, beware of hail in the afternoon" and "white beads appear in the heart of grass, and hail will fall steadily" and other proverbs. It should be noted that the above experience should generally not be judged based on any one item, but should be analyzed and applied comprehensively.

Prevention measures

Commonly used methods for artificial hail prevention are:

1. Use rockets, anti-aircraft guns or aircraft to directly spray silver iodide, lead iodide, dry ice, etc. Send the catalyst to the cloud;

2. Send catalysts such as silver iodide, lead iodide, and dry ice to the free atmosphere on the ground before cumulonimbus clouds are formed, so that these materials can cause hail in the hail cloud.

3. Fire rockets and anti-aircraft guns at the hail clouds on the ground, or fire rockets and bombs at the hail clouds from airplanes to destroy the hail clouds. Partial transport of clouds;

4. Use rockets and anti-aircraft guns to scatter condensation nuclei on the warm cloud parts to cause the clouds to form precipitation to reduce the moisture in the clouds; scatter ice nuclei on the cold cloud parts to suppress hail embryo growth.

Common methods of agricultural production include:

5. In hail-prone areas, plant grass and trees to increase forest area, improve the landscape environment, destroy hail cloud conditions, and achieve the purpose of reducing hail disasters;

6. Increase crops with hail resistance and strong recovery ability;

7. Harvest mature crops in time;

8. During the hail season in areas prone to hail disasters, Farmers carry hail prevention tools, such as bamboo baskets and wicker baskets, with them when going to the fields to reduce personal casualties.

Self-rescue methods for natural disasters caused by lightning

Instructions for preventing lightning strikes

The lightning current generated when lightning occurs is the main source of damage, and its hazards include direct lightning strikes , induced lightning strikes and intrusive lightning guided by overhead lines. For example, overhead wires used in various lighting, telecommunications and other facilities may introduce lightning indoors, so strict precautions should be taken.

Locations prone to lightning strikes

1. Tall buildings, storage tanks, etc. that lack or have unqualified lightning protection devices

2. Without good grounding Metal roofs

3. Buildings, trees, etc. in humid or open areas

4. Due to the conductivity of smoke, chimneys are particularly vulnerable to lightning strikes

5. There is a radio on the building but there is no lightning arrester and no good grounding.

Methods to prevent lightning

Emergency points:

6. Pay attention to closing doors and windows, and indoor personnel should stay away from doors, windows, water pipes, gas pipes and other metal objects.

7. Turn off household appliances and unplug the power plug to prevent lightning from intruding from the power cord.

8. When outdoors, take shelter in time and do not stay in the open wilderness. When there is nowhere to hide in the open wilderness, you should try to find a low-lying place such as a pit to hide, or squat down immediately to lower your body height.

9. Stay away from isolated large trees, towers, telephone poles, and billboards

10. Immediately stop outdoor swimming, boating, fishing and other water activities.

11. If many people are outdoors, do not crowd each other to prevent current from passing to each other after lightning strikes.

Expert tips:

12. Lightning protection devices must be installed on tall buildings to prevent lightning strikes.

13. Do not use mobile phones outdoors

14. People who are struck by lightning should immediately use cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

15. Take as few baths as possible during thunderstorms. Users of solar water heaters should avoid taking baths.

Self-rescue methods for avoiding natural disasters in flash floods

Flash flood first aid

Heavy rain may also cause flash floods. If you are in a mountainous area during heavy rain, when a flash flood occurs The following points should be noted in this case.

1. Stay calm and move upward or to a higher place as soon as possible.

2. Do not run along the direction of the flood channel, but quickly dodge to both sides.

3. Never wade across the river easily.

4. If you are trapped in the mountains by a flash flood, you should contact the relevant local departments in time, or send a distress signal to seek rescue.

Self-rescue methods

In mountainous areas, if there is a sudden heavy rain, the amount of water in the river will increase rapidly, and flash floods may easily occur. Flash floods are sudden and explosive. When walking and resting in mountainous areas, you should always pay attention to abnormal changes around the site and the escape routes and self-rescue methods you can choose. Once an abnormal situation occurs, quickly evacuate the scene.

5. When threatened by floods, you should quickly move to hillsides and high places in an organized manner.

6. When suddenly hit by a flash flood, stay calm, don’t panic, and evacuate as quickly as possible. When leaving the scene, you should choose the nearest safe route and run laterally along the hillside. Never run down the hillside or downstream along the valley exit.

7. Flash floods flow quickly and rise quickly. Do not swim and move easily to prevent being washed away by flash floods. When flash floods occur, attention should also be paid to preventing injuries from landslides, rolling rocks, and mudslides.

8. When you are suddenly besieged by a flood on a high hill, a platform or a solid residential building with a solid foundation, in a hilly environment, whether you are alone or with many people, as long as you stay in an orderly manner and wait for rescue or The siege can be rescued after the flash floods that rise and fall sharply subside.

9. If you are caught off guard and are trapped by floods on a low-lying stream bank, a ridge, or in a wooden house, and if the situation is critical, if you have communication facilities, you can use communication tools to call the local police and emergency services. The flood control department reports the flood situation and trapped situations and seeks rescue; if there is no communication condition, they can make fireworks, wave brightly colored clothes back and forth, or collectively call for help. At the same time, boats, rafts, door panels, wooden beds and other drifting objects should be used as much as possible for water transfer.

10. If you find that the high-voltage power line tower is skewed, or the wires are hanging down or broken, stay away from danger and do not touch or approach it to prevent electric shock.

11. After the flood, we must do a good job in health and epidemic prevention, pay attention to drinking water hygiene, food hygiene, and avoid the occurrence of infectious diseases.

Residents in plain areas and low-lying areas who have no time to move are often vulnerable to flooding or siege. If you encounter this situation, the usually effective method is:

12. Arrange for the family to move to the roof and try to stabilize their emotions.

13. Try every means to send out a distress signal and get in touch with the outside world as soon as possible in order to receive timely rescue.

14. Use drift objects such as bamboo and wood to escort your family members to nearby tall buildings or safer places.

I hope that the above little knowledge can help you to help yourself and reduce losses when encountering emergencies in your future production and life.