Summary of geography and climate knowledge points in senior three

# Senior 3 # Introduction Senior 3 students are about to face the choice of continuing their studies or their careers. Have you considered the important life choices clearly? This is undoubtedly a difficult choice for students without social experience. How to spend this important and tense year can start with improving learning efficiency! The senior three channel compiled a summary of geography and climate knowledge points in senior high school for all students. I hope you study hard and have a golden June dream!

1. Summary of geography and climate knowledge points in senior three.

1. Atmospheric circulation (pressure zone, wind zone and monsoon): (1) Pressure zone and wind zone: there is more precipitation in the control area of low pressure zone and less precipitation in high pressure zone; The west is rheumatic and dry, while the east coast of the mainland brings water vapor and more precipitation because the trade winds come from the ocean;

(2) The areas affected by summer monsoon are warm, humid and rainy; Winter winds affect dry and rainless areas.

2. Terrain:

(1) Topographic precipitation: windward slope, topographic uplift, forming topographic precipitation, with more precipitation; The leeward slope has less precipitation.

(2) Terrain type: the plain is conducive to the infiltration of water vapor, the basin and valley are closed, the plateau is high, and it is difficult for water vapor to enter.

(3) Mountain range: parallel to the airflow direction, which is beneficial to water vapor infiltration; Vertical to the direction of air flow, to prevent water vapor from penetrating.

3. Land and sea location: close to the sea, greatly influenced by the ocean, with sufficient water vapor and much precipitation; The farther away from the sea, the less affected by ocean water vapor and the less precipitation.

4. Ocean current: warm current: warming and humidifying; Cold current: cooling and dehumidification

5. Human activities: changing the underlying surface affects precipitation, such as urban rain island.

2. Summary of geography and climate knowledge points in senior three.

1, judging basis: step 1, judging that if the Leng Yue is 1 and the hottest month is July, it is located in the northern hemisphere;

If the most frequent month in Leng Yue is July and the hottest month is 1, it is located in the southern hemisphere.

Step 2, determine the most Leng Yue temperature range, i.e. >; 15

Step 3, judge the seasonal distribution type and annual rain type of precipitation (>; 2000)

2. Location:

Latitude position: roughly between north and south latitudes 10 degrees.

Location of land and sea: mainly distributed in Congo Basin in Africa, Amazon Basin in South America, Indonesia Islands in Asia, etc.

3. Climatic characteristics: It is hot and rainy all year round.

4. Causes of climate formation: controlled by equatorial low pressure belt all the year round, updraft and convective rain prevail.

5. The terrestrial natural belt formed under this climatic condition: the tropical rain forest belt.

The vegetation type of this climate distribution: tropical rain forest.

Typical animals distributed in this climate: orangutans and hippos.

Typical soil formed in this climate: latosol.

6. Cities in this climate zone: Singapore, the capital of Singapore; Jakarta, Indonesia; Tourist city of Bandung; Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Lagos, the capital of Nigeria; Kinshasa, the capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo; Havana, capital of Cuba; Panama, the capital of Panama; Quito, capital of Ecuador. The Peruvian city of Iquitos

7. Agricultural activities in this climatic zone: sowing at any time and harvesting at any time, mainly tropical cash crops.

3. Summary of geography and climate knowledge points in senior three.

What is the cause of typhoon? A typhoon has three main conditions:

First, the temperature is relatively high;

The second is rich water vapor;

The third is the agitation at the confluence of trade winds in the northern and southern hemispheres.

When the lower air is heated, it will rise. Because of the high air temperature and humidity in the low-latitude ocean, if a certain area happens to be the place where the trade winds in the northern and southern hemispheres meet and stir, a large amount of air will rise in this stirred area, and the updraft will rotate counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere under the deflection force generated by the earth's rotation, which is the omen before the typhoon is formed. The water vapor in the updraft cools and condenses into water droplets, releasing heat, prompting the low-level air to rise continuously, making the air rotate more violently and forming a typhoon.

Where can these three conditions be met at the same time?

Only in tropical waters. The temperature there is very high, and it is also the place with the richest water vapor on the earth. According to statistics, the ocean that produces typhoons mainly includes the ocean east of the Philippines, the South China Sea, the West Indies and the east coast of Australia. These places are relatively high in seawater temperature, and they are also areas where the trade winds in the northern and southern hemispheres meet, so typhoons are easy to occur.

4. Summary of geography and climate knowledge points in senior three.

The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China are usually rainy from mid-June to early July every year. In the past few days, the sky has been gloomy and the precipitation has been constant, sometimes big and sometimes small. Therefore, there is a popular proverb in southern China: "Rain hits plum blossoms, and there is no sun for forty-five days". Continuous rain, high temperature and high humidity are the main characteristics of plum rain. Very different from the climate at the same latitude, Meiyu refers to the weather and climate phenomenon that occurs in a certain area and a certain season. It is found that Eurasia is between 20 N and 40 N, which is alternately controlled by subtropical high and westerly belt. The west coast of the mainland is controlled by the downdraft on the east side of the subtropical south pressure in summer, with sunny weather, partly cloudy and dry climate; In winter, under the influence of westerlies, warm and humid air is brought from the Atlantic Ocean, resulting in more precipitation and a mild and rainy climate.

That is, the subtropical Mediterranean climate is dry in summer and humid in winter. The east coast of the mainland is controlled by the west side of subtropical high in summer, and the downward flow is dry, but it absorbs a lot of water vapor from the warm and humid sea surface, bringing abundant precipitation and producing a subtropical humid climate.

Due to the strong contrast between land and sea, a unique monsoon climate has formed here, which is characterized by rainy summer and dry winter, with rainfall concentrated in summer, which is just the opposite of the Mediterranean climate. If compared with the east coast of Britain at the same latitude, it is also very different. There will be no rainy weather for a long time before and after the summer monsoon in the mid-latitude zone of the east coast of the United States, and people do not feel the feeling of sultry weather for a long time, so it is difficult to appear moldy. It can be seen that the precipitation season at the same latitude varies greatly.

So there are only Huangmei in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China, starting from the area east of Yichang and 29-33 degrees north latitude, as well as the southeast of Japan and the southernmost tip of the Korean Peninsula. In other words, Meiyu is a unique weather and climate phenomenon in East Asia and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China.

Rain belt Although Meiyu is a unique weather and climate in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, its appearance is not isolated, but closely related to the north-south displacement of a large-scale rain belt. In the east of China, east of 1 10E, during the flood season from mid-May to early June, the main rain belt swings in Nanling Mountains and its south. In recent years, although it moved to the north of Nanling within a certain period of time, it often stayed in the south of 28N and 29° n from a waiting period (5 days) or the multi-year average of 10 days. This period is called "rainy season in the south of the Yangtze River" or "pre-flood season in South China".

In the middle and late June, the main rain belt moved northward within the range of 29° n-33° n (that is, Yichang in the west, the Yangtze River estuary in the east, and then across the sea to Japan; From the south of China Lake Basin to the south bank of Huaihe River), it is stable and less active. At this time, the area south of Nanling is outside the rain belt, and the rainy weather is over; The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River bid farewell to the sunny early summer and ushered in the rainy season. Heavy rain and rainstorm appeared from time to time and lasted until the beginning of July. This is a famous rainy season in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

From mid-July, the rain belt moved northward again, reaching the area north of 33 N. Stagnation and wandering in the Yellow River, Huaihe River Basin, North China, Northeast China and other places have caused heavy rainfall again and again, which are called "Huanghuai rainy season" and "North China rainy season" respectively. At this time, the plum rains in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River ended, the sun hung high and entered the hot summer season. This kind of weather will last until the end of August, and then the rain belt will quickly withdraw southward with the gradual activity of cold air. In less than a month, the rain belt will always retreat to the coastal areas of South China. The regular change of this rain belt shows that the plum rain in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is not an isolated and local weather and climate phenomenon, but an integral part of the main rainy season activities in eastern China, which reflects the stagnation of the main rain belt in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

5. Summary of geography and climate knowledge points in senior three.

I. overview of desertification 1. Concept: Land degradation in arid, semi-arid and partially semi-humid areas is the product of the interaction between natural factors such as climate variation and excessive human economic activities.

2. Manifestations: land desertification, rocky desertification and secondary salinization.

3, the basic process:

Vegetation destruction-ground exposure-wind erosion or soil erosion-soil moisture and nutrient loss-long-term loss of land productivity-desertification landscape

Second, the natural characteristics of drought

1, northwest overview

(1) Location: Located in the west of Daxing 'anling and the north of Kunlun Mountain-Altun Mountain-the ancient Great Wall; In terms of administrative divisions, it includes Xinjiang, Ningxia, northern Gansu and most of Inner Mongolia.

(2) Topographic features: the eastern part is a vast plateau, and the western mountains and basins are alternately distributed.

(3) Main landscape: Drought is the most remarkable natural feature. Form a grassland and desert landscape.

(4) Internal differences: Helan Mountain is the boundary, the eastern part is a semi-arid grassland belt, and the western part is an arid and extremely arid area.

2. Natural causes of desertification

(1) Basic conditions-dry climate and little rain.

(2) Material conditions-the ground is soft and sandy.

(3) Dynamic conditions-physical weathering and wind are obvious, and there are more windy days.

(4) The main natural factor-abnormal climate.

Thirdly, the human factors of desertification play a decisive role in the occurrence and development of desertification.

(1) root cause: the pressure of population explosion on the environment; Improper human activities and unreasonable utilization of resources.

(2) Direct causes: excessive firewood collection, overgrazing, excessive reclamation, unreasonable utilization of water resources, and neglect of environmental protection in industrial and mining traffic construction.