Analysis of young werther's Works

Young Werther is the representative work of johann goethe, a great German writer and thinker in the18th century. This work made Goethe become a world poet from a German poet, and the novel swept the world, setting off a "youth Witte fever".

Young Werther, published in 1774, is the most important work of Goethe in his early years, and its publication is also an epoch-making event in the history of German literature. Before the second edition of Faust was published, Europe had a full 50 years, and Goethe's name was always associated with the troubles of young Werther. Young Werther is not long and the plot is not complicated and tortuous. The main characters are only Victor and Charlotte. The whole book is a complete novel with Victor's unfortunate love experience and social setbacks as clues.

Goethe's novels written in first-person epistolary are divided into the first part and the second part.

The first part:

Victor is a young man who is good at poetry and painting. He loves nature very much and lives a carefree life relying on his father's legacy. 177/kloc-0 came to a remote mountain village to take care of his mother's legacy when he returned in the spring of. Whether it is the beautiful natural scenery here or the simple farmers in the local countryside, he has a strong interest, so that he never leaves. Soon, he met Charlotte, a beautiful, considerate and well-educated judge's daughter, at a country dance. They hit it off as soon as they met. Since then, Victor has been in frequent contact with her and had a wonderful and happy day, which he will never forget. But Charlotte is engaged to a young man named Albert. Soon, her fiance returned from a trip and worked in the Marquis House here. She soon became good friends with Victor. However, his mature and steady personality and strong enterprising spirit are in sharp contrast with Witt, who is unrestrained in emotion. Victor felt that there was no hope of pursuing Charlotte, and his heart was covered with a thick shadow. In order to get rid of this mental trouble and embarrassing situation, he was forced to bid farewell to the lovely mountain village and green base and work in an embassy somewhere.

The second part:

Victor was often criticized by pedantic ministers during his tenure at the legation. One day in the spring of the following year, he was having dinner at Count C's house, just in time for the local aristocratic men and women to get together at the Count's house. Victor never thought that a small person like him had no right to be among them, so he was laughed at by these aristocratic squires and made a big fuss about it. Victor was fed up and resigned from the legation in a rage to visit the manor of another marquis.

As it was later discovered that he and the Marquis had no interest in the same language, and the yearning for Charlotte increased sharply, Victor returned to the original small mountain village a few months later. He followed the road to take Charlotte to the country dance and recalled the past, but by this time, the local scenery was completely different and everything was gone. Charlotte was already a wife. The despair of love, the indifference to the world and the corruption of officialdom made Victor unbearable, and he had the idea of leaving this world for eternal life. One night shortly before Christmas in the same year, he came to Charlotte's residence again. When he read the emotion, he couldn't help hugging and kissing her warmly. Two days later, after writing a suicide note to Charlotte, Victor ended his life with her husband's pistol at midnight. The local people buried him in the place he chose according to his own wishes, and no priest or priest came to offer condolences. Because according to Christian regulations, suicides cannot be buried in cemeteries.

This novel is written in diary and letter style, and is good at revealing the inner world of the protagonist and expressing depressed psychology and quick emotions. The whole work is like a sentimental lyric poem, frank, frank, unpretentious and unpretentious. No matter the joy or pain of the hero's love, it is like holding out a beating heart, which arouses readers' strong emotional and spiritual shock. Because of this, as soon as the novel was published, it made the younger generation crazy, and some people like Victor even committed suicide. The influence of this work is so great that Goethe himself explained: "This is mainly because it was produced at the right time. Just as it takes only a small fuse to detonate a mine, so does the explosion caused by readers this time. Created by Liu Hongping.

Creation background

Love for Charlotte Buff

The plot of the novel is autobiographical to a great extent: Goethe met the young Charlotte Buff and fell in love with her during his internship at the Supreme Court of the Weizlar Empire. But Charlotte is engaged to a lawyer named John Christian K. In Charlotte's father's view, Keith Turner is obviously more stable and reliable than Goethe, who is young and artistic. Goethe wanted to be an artist, not a lawyer. After Goethe left Charlotte in a hurry, he met Maximiliana von Roche, the daughter of a consultant. Goethe fused the impressions left by two women into the image of Charlotte. According to Goethe himself, he spent four weeks writing this epistolary novel to offset the pain of love and free himself from suicidal thoughts.

Suicide in Jerusalem

Some plots in the novel, especially the ending, are different from Goethe's experience. Witt committed suicide, but Goethe was immersed in pain and writing. The plot of suicide in the novel is inspired by a young colleague Jerusalem. Jerusalem did commit suicide because of great love misfortune, and his cemetery in Vezla became a sacred place for unfortunate young lovers. Karl William Jerusalem is an acquaintance of Goethe. 1772+committed suicide in June 00. It was Keith Turner who told Goethe about it. Tragically, the pistol that killed himself in Jerusalem was lent to him by Keith Turner. This makes Goethe confuse his experience in the summer of 1772 with the fate of Jerusalem, and in the second part of the novel, the fate of Jerusalem has increasingly become the main object of narration. Goethe transferred many personality characteristics and other characteristics of Jerusalem to his Witt image. In order to learn more about suicide in Jerusalem, Goethe once again came to Vezla briefly at the beginning of 10. His conversations with people who are familiar with Jerusalem and his own memories of Jerusalem form the basis of this novel. He even quoted some passages from Keith Turner's report on the death of Jerusalem.

The influence of the work

argue

This novel aroused enthusiastic response from critics and supporters. The reason is that Goethe takes Witt as the central figure in his novels, and this figure completely violates the rules of civil society. The public regards Victor as the destroyer of harmonious marriage, a rebel and an atheist, which is completely contrary to the public's concept. The literature they expect is more "practical things" and "entertainment things", and Goethe's novels are not any of the above two in their view. They look for "real things" directly in the story, and they hope to have a character they can identify with and learn from his behavior. However, the novel ended in suicide-from the perspective of civic values, this is unimaginable. Many citizens criticize this novel only because its main characters do not conform to their ideas and threaten their values. They think young werther is a book divorced from traditional literature, and they don't want to read it. They think this book beautifies the values that are contrary to their interests and praises suicide.

Criticism of novels praising suicide also comes largely from the church and some contemporary writers, because it is said that many young people imitate suicide. In fact, there are also imitations of suicide, but the number is far below the number claimed by the church. In some places (such as Leipzig, Copenhagen, Milan), the novel was even banned. Goethe's rebuttal is as follows: he gave the best example with his own existence: one must write his own inner pain. Goethe accused himself of inducing others to commit suicide. Bishop von Derby and Sir Bristol responded in a sharp and sarcastic tone:

Now you talk to a writer, trying to denounce a work that has been misinterpreted by some narrow-minded people, and this work at most makes the world throw out a dozen useless fools, who have nothing better to do than blow out the residual flame of life by themselves. (translated by Han Yaocheng)

"Vitri"

Although Goethe is experiencing anger and criticism from the church and citizens, this novel also has enthusiastic followers. First of all, an out-and-out "Vite fever" broke out among young people, and Genvite became an idol. At that time, there were "Vitter clothes" (yellow trousers, yellow vest and blue coat), "Vitter Cup" and even "Vitter perfume". The scenes in the novel are decorated with teapots, coffee pots, cups, biscuit plates and tea cans. For the educated citizens at that time, tea and coffee time became a wonderful time to get in touch with literature.

The followers of the novel are first of all those who are in a similar situation to Victor and are immediately attracted. People who correctly understand Goethe can use this novel to indirectly reflect their own situation and find inspiration and comfort from Witt's suffering.

value

Young werther is regarded as the most important novel during the wave movement. This novel won a high print run at that time, which was one of the factors that triggered the so-called "reading fever".

Goethe himself did not expect that this book would be a worldwide success. In order to record the so-called "Vitter fever", in Vezlar, in addition to a precious first edition of The Trouble of Jan Vitter, parody, imitation, contending documents and multilingual translations are also displayed. But the success of this novel is not only a popular phenomenon, in Goethe's own words:

This little book has a great influence, which is amazing and good, because it comes at the right time. (Poetry and Truth)

Version history

The first edition was published in 1774.

1774 appeared in French translation, which Napoleon read seven times.

The German version 1775 was reprinted seven times.

Since then, there have been Dutch versions (1776), English versions (1779), Italian versions (178 1 year) and Russian versions (1788).

Goethe published a revised version of the novel.

Chinese translation

(partial)

Young Werther, translated by Yang, People's Literature Publishing House, 1999, ISBN 702000605X.

Young Werther, translated by Han Yaocheng, Yilin Publishing House, 1998, ISBN 7805674868.

Young Werther, translated by Hou, Shanghai Translation Publishing House, 1996, ISBN 75327 19243.

Shaanxi Normal University Edition:

Authors: (Germany) Goethe, translated by Li Bin.

Press: Shaanxi Normal University Press

ISBN:756 1325967

Impression: 1

Paper: Offset Paper Publication Date: July 2004-1

Version: 1

abstract

Victor was born in a wealthy middle-class family and received a good education. He is good at poetry and painting, loves nature and is sentimental. One day in early spring, in order to dispel his inner troubles, he bid farewell to his family and friends and came to a remote mountain village with pleasant scenery.

This young man, who lives a free life by his father's legacy, is deeply interested in the natural scenery of the mountain village and simple living. Everything in the mountain village is as beautiful as heaven, green mountains and green waters, the morning light is slightly exposed, the children and girls in the village … all these make him feel that he lives in a paradise and forgets all his troubles. Soon after, at a dance, Victor met the daughter of the local judge and fell in love with her immediately. He danced with Charlotte as if they were the only two in the world. Although Lydia has been engaged for a long time, she is very loyal to Victor. After the dance, they stood at the window excitedly. Green looked at Victor with tears in his eyes. Victor was deeply immersed in the whirlpool of feelings and kissed her hand with tears in his eyes.

From then on, although the sun and the moon rose and set, Victor could never tell the innocent day from the night. His heart is only green. Charlotte's fiance, Abreu, is back. He loves her very much and is very kind to Victor. They learned to talk about her together. The green foothills, leisurely streams and floating clouds have been unable to calm him down. He often feels small and uncomfortable. At night, he often dreamed that she was sitting beside him, and when he woke up in the morning, he was the only one in bed. He can only sigh fate. Finally, under the persuasion of his friends, he made up his mind to leave his beloved Lydia and the small mountain village that once brought him joy and happiness.

Victor returned to the city and worked as a clerk in the legation. He tried his best to adapt himself to the job, but his boss, who was full of bureaucratic habits, found fault with his work and made things difficult for him everywhere, and his colleagues were afraid that others would surpass him, which caused him great distress. Just when he was deeply bored, he met a respectable Count C by chance. Count C is humble, honest, knowledgeable, friendly and trusting to Victor, which brings a little comfort to Victor.

One day, the count invited him home for dinner, but a group of nobles came after dinner. They looked at Victor haughtily and contemptuously. Even people he knows are afraid to talk to him. The count came over and urged him to leave here quickly. Wherever he goes, he can see mocking faces and hear sarcastic words. He finally resigned angrily.

At the invitation of a marquis general, he went to the hunting village, during which he wanted to join the army, but at the suggestion of the marquis, he soon gave up the idea. Marquis treated him well, but he always felt uncomfortable there. He has been thinking of Charlotte, and under the inner traction, he returned to his original mountain village. Although the scenery of the mountain village remains the same, the personnel are completely different. The beloved Charlotte has already become Albert's wife, and the kind villagers have suffered misfortune one by one. He went to visit the two children who had painted for them, but the children's mother told him that her youngest son had died. He went to visit the farmer who told him his inner secret and happened to meet him on the way. The farmer said that he was fired because he boldly expressed his love to his hostess, and her brother fired him for fear that he would take away his sister's property. He wants to hug Charlotte more than a thousand times. Even if he presses her on his heart once, the gap in his heart will be filled, but he dare not reach out when he sees her.

Winter is coming, the weather is getting colder and colder, and the flowers and plants are withered and desolate. He saw a young man lose his job and become crazy because of his love for Charlotte. Later, the young man killed a farmer. Victor sympathized with him and tried his best to defend him. As a result, he was opposed by the judge. The failure to save people plunged him into deeper sorrow, and made him feel that he was at the end of the road, and his pain and worry reached the extreme, which made his feelings push him to a sad ending step by step.

On the day before Christmas, he came to his sweetheart Charlotte and said goodbye for the last time. At this time, the dying fire of love instantly radiates light. He recited Ossian's elegy to Charlotte and hugged her tightly. Two days later, he left a suicide note that he couldn't bear to read. At midnight, he said to himself, "Charlotte! Green! Goodbye, goodbye! " Picking up her husband's pistol, she ended her life and troubles at the same time.

Film of the same name

Alias Leiden des jungenwerthers, die/the row of young Werther.

Director Egon Gunter/Hilma Bowman ..... Albert

Starring: Gerhard Bienert/Barbara Dittus/kurt goldstein

Country/Region Germany

Language/White German

Release date 1976

Brief introduction of film

Victor is a young man who is good at poetry and painting and loves nature. When the flowers were in full bloom in spring, he came to a secluded mountain village. Green mountains and valleys, morning mist, children and girls in the village all aroused his interest. Facing the natural beauty, he recited poems and painted, enjoying himself and lingering. Here, he met a young girl, Charlotte, and fell in love with her at first sight. When he is with her, he feels like he is in heaven. But Charlotte was engaged, and she was loyal to her vows when she got engaged, so she couldn't give her love to Victor. Victor was disappointed. He tasted the bitter medicine of love, and joy turned into trouble. He had to say goodbye to Charlotte and this unforgettable mountain village.

He works as a secretary in the legation, but he can't stand the corruption, hypocrisy, rivalry and jealousy in officialdom. After hitting a wall many times, he left this corrupt society and returned to his original mountain village. The scenery there is still the same, but the people are completely different. Charlotte is married, and good people are miserable. He hates decadent society, and his longing for love has also become a bubble. He can't stand a series of blows. In the middle of winter, he left an unbearable suicide note and ended his life with a pistol.

Other introductions:

Young Werther is the representative work of johann goethe, a great German writer and thinker in the18th century. This work made Goethe become a world poet from a German poet, and the novel swept the world, setting off a "youth Witte fever".

Goethe's romantic masterpiece describes young Werther's unrequited love for a young woman older than him, and writes poems praising her beauty. From this hopeless unrequited love, he also tasted the pain and suffering of love, and finally committed suicide in despair. This short story has influenced the love view of a generation of young people.

Who doesn't like young people?

Who is not good at falling in love with spring?

This is the purest and purest human nature.

Why is there a painful escape?

Lovely reader, you cry him, you love him,

Please save his reputation before it is destroyed;

Look, the soul coming out of his cave is whispering to you:

Be a decent man, don't follow in my footsteps!

Executive summary:

This is a young man's Bible. As soon as it came out, it immediately swept Germany and the whole western Europe. This is the epitome of an era of youth, a doomed loved one! The sensational works of world writers have swept the hearts of tens of millions of young men and women around the world! This book is a bilingual reading based on German classic literature. It can read beautiful Chinese, learn Chinese and English, and read first-class English. Designed for readers of different ages and levels to create a permanent collection of fine products!

As Goethe's masterpiece, Young Werther tells the love tragedy that young Werther pursues the engaged girl Charlotte and finally commits suicide because of hopelessness. It shows the troubles and anguish of an era with a young man's love tragedy, which is of universal significance. Young Werther wrote it on 1774. Its publication made Goethe a household name overnight and laid an honor for Goethe's life.

What is the job of "less maintenance trouble"? Under any definition, we can't tell exactly the infinite wealth that fate cries in this imaginative masterpiece. In the book, the costumes of Victor and Charlotte have become the objects that young men and women are eager to emulate, and after Rousseau's A New Mourning for Cynthia, no literary work has moved Europe to that extent like it.

About the author:

Johann Wolfgang Goethe (1749- 1832) is a famous German poet and writer. After the publication of Young Werther in Germany, it was quickly printed into 16 edition and translated into more than 20 languages including English, French and Italian. Napoleon took it with him on his expedition to Egypt and read it seven times. Goethe also wrote the famous poetic drama Faust and his autobiography Poetry and Truth. 1922, China famous writer Guo Moruo translated this novel into Chinese. After the May 4th Movement, Vite fever also began to rise in China. This novel is still loved by readers all over the world and has become an enduring world masterpiece.

Supplement:

The epistolary form adopted in this novel is the first time in the history of German novels. It describes Witt's ups and downs of emotional waves, shows the changes of his thoughts and feelings in lyricism and discussion, puts his personal love misfortune in a broad social background, exposes and criticizes the feudal hierarchical prejudice, the selfishness and conservatism of ordinary citizens, and enthusiastically advocates personality liberation and emotional freedom, especially through the hero's resistance to social oppression and suffocation of young people, showing a bad habit of attack. This is also the lasting charm of this novel, as a treasure in the treasure house of world literature, which is deeply loved by people all over the world.