Is the story of Hunhe River "flowing into" Shenyang City in Shenhe District?

In 2004, Shenyang Imperial Palace, the imperial palace outside the Great Wall in Qing Dynasty, together with Yongling, Fuling and Zhaoling, passed the strict evaluation at the 28th World Heritage Conference held in Suzhou and was successfully selected as a world cultural heritage. While the Forbidden City in Shenyang attracts the world's attention, Shenhe District, where the Forbidden City is located, has also become a place of concern.

Many people think that the name of Shenhe District originated from Hunhe River. Yes, the naming of Shenhe District is indeed related to Hunhe River, but it has nothing to do with rivers. Because Shenhe District is a combination of historical administrative divisions "Shenyang District" and "Hunhe District", its name is also the abbreviation of "River" in "Shenyang District" and "Hunhe District".

.. bird's eye view of Shengjing.

Shenhe District is located in the center of Shenyang, covering an area of 58 square kilometers. Although the area is small, it has a long history, as many as two thousand years. It can be said that the history of Shenhe District is almost the history of Shenyang.

.. the main hall and the Ten Kings Pavilion of the Forbidden City in Shenyang.

Shenyang originated from the military post "Houcheng" in the Spring and Autumn Period. In the Tang Dynasty, Shenyang was renamed "Shen Zhou". In 92 1 year, Liao Taizu immigrated here and built a tucheng. Later, Jin Taizu occupied Shen Zhou and used the name "Shen Zhou". 1296, the Yuan Dynasty rebuilt Tucheng and set up "Shenyang Road", which belonged to Liaoyang. Because Shenyang is located in the north of Shenshui, it was renamed as "Shenyang" because of China's traditional orientation theory, that is, "the mountains are shaded in the north and the water is sunny in the north". This is the official appearance of the name "Shenyang" in historical materials, with a history of more than 700 years. 1386, the Ming Dynasty changed Shenyang Road to "Shenyang Zhongwei". 1625, the Qing Taizu Nuerhachi moved to Shenyang and began to build the Imperial Palace (now the Forbidden City in Shenyang). 1634, Huang taiji renamed Shenyang "Shengjing". 1644, after the Qing dynasty moved its capital to Beijing, it still took Shenyang as its capital. 1657, the Qing dynasty set up Fengtianfu in Shenyang, also known as "Fengtian". 19 1 1 After the Revolution of 1911, Shenyang became the capital ruled by Feng Zhi's warlords. 1923, the Fengtian municipal government was formally established, and the urban organizational system first appeared in Shenyang. 1929, after Zhang Xueliang's "Northeast Change of Signs", Fengtian was changed to Shenyang. 193 1 year, after the Japanese invaded Shenyang, Shenyang was changed to Fengtian. 1938 65438+ 10/month 1 Shenyang District was established within the boundary of the present Shenhe District. 1948165438+1On October 20th, Shenhe District merged with Hunhe District and was named Shenhe District.

It can be seen that the emergence of Shenhe District was after liberation. However, the changes in the military and political settings of various dynasties in history are directly related to them, because these changes occurred in the past Fangcheng, Shenyang, and the area of Fangcheng in the past is completely under the jurisdiction of Shenhe District today.

.. map of Shengjing

As we know, the scale of the ancient city of Shenyang and the scale of the urban area are gradually developed. Shenyang is a small area, located in the middle of Liaodong County, and it is called Houcheng Military Whistle and Dewey Branch. The Liao Dynasty established Shen Zhou and began to build a square earthen city. A cross road was opened in the city, leading to the gatehouse of Sifang Wengcheng, which became a real urban area. In the twenty-first year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1388), Zhong Min, commander of Shenyang Wei, presided over the reconstruction of Shenyang Wei Brick City on the basis of Liao, Jin and Yuanlao Cities. There is a gate on each of the four walls, which corresponds to the pattern of "Cross Street", the main street in the city. In the tenth year of the late Jin Dynasty (1625), Nurhachi moved to Shenyang and became the capital of the late Jin Jurchen. After years of hard work, Huang Taiji completed the plan to transform the ancient city of Shenyang into the imperial city of Shengjing. He changed the cross street road in the city to Jing Zi street road. There are two gates in the east, west, north and south, and one has eight gates, which are connected with each other horizontally and vertically. Each city gate has a three-story veranda gatehouse. There is an urn outside the city gate. There is a turret in the southeast, southwest, northeast and northwest corners of the city wall. The rebuilt Shengjing city wall is three feet and a half high, nine miles around, and has 332 steps, which is 302 steps more than the Zhongwei City in Shenyang in the Ming Dynasty.

.. the ancient city of Shenyang

In the 19th year of Kangxi (1680), a circular outer wall was built outside Shengjing, also called "closed wall" or "side wall". The waiguo wall is seven feet five inches high and has a circumference of thirty-two miles and forty-eight grades. Corresponding to the eight gates, there are also eight gates around Guanqiang, which are called side doors. The middle area between the city wall and the closed city wall is called the customs compartment, and there are 8 passes in the customs compartment. At this point, Shenyang's "outer circle inside" capital pattern has been truly completed, that is, the core part is Fangcheng, and the outer part of Fangcheng is Yuancheng. The area of Shenyang Gufangcheng is the Shuncheng Street in the east, west, south and north of Shenhe District today.

In ancient China, the construction of a city often followed the architectural layout of the "central axis", that is, a building was built in the center of the city, which not only met the needs of urban defense, but also considered "Feng Shui" and achieved the aesthetic effect of making the building stable, balanced and unified. Where is the central axis of Shenyang city? In Shenhe District. There is a house outside the north wall of the main hall of the Forbidden City in Shenyang, which is the famous "central hall" of Shenyang City. It is said that Shenyang City is planned according to the theory of "Tai Chi gives birth to two instruments, two instruments give birth to four images, and four images give birth to eight diagrams" in the Book of Changes. The central hall is Tai Chi, the bell and drum tower are two vessels, the four towers in the east, west, north and south represent the four elephants, the eight city gates are like gossip, the national source is like the sky, and the city edge is like the ground. In this way, with the central temple as the central axis, the whole Shenyang city forms a symmetrical layout.

The Central Temple was built in the Ming Dynasty with a history of more than 600 years. When Nurhachi rebuilt Shenyang City, it was renovated. Shenyang City in Ming Dynasty is a cross-shaped street with four gates, east, west, north and south, and the central temple is located in the center of the cross. This can make the four doors invisible to each other and form a "T-junction" for defense. In addition, it also has the so-called "town system" function, which can drive away all kinds of ominous things and protect Anji Xiang.

.. the plaque of Chongzheng Hall in Shenyang Imperial Palace

The central temple is the central symbol of the ancient city of Shenyang, and the Shenhe District where the central temple is located is naturally the central area of Shenyang.

Shenyang was the first capital of the Qing Dynasty, and there was an emperor's palace. Of course, the palace should be in the center of the capital. In the early Qing Dynasty, after Huang Taiji changed Cross Street into Amethyst Street, the whole Shengjing City was only divided into nine natural areas: the palace was in the center, and the other eight areas were separated by the Eight Banners.

The building of the Forbidden City in Shenyang was originally built by Nurhachi and Huang Taiji, and was expanded during the Qianlong period, covering an area of more than 60,000 square meters with a construction area of 1 10,000 square meters. There are more than 90 buildings of various types and more than 300 rooms, which are distributed in the east, middle and west roads, forming a royal Miyagi with a vertical three-stage layout in Fangzheng courtyard. It was in this Miyagi that the emperors of the Qing Dynasty ascended the throne and began the great cause of reunifying the whole country.

.. the Imperial Palace ancestral temple in Shenyang

In the tenth year of Tiancong (1636), after a series of reforms, on the basis of further feudalism in politics, economy and culture, Huang Taiji held a grand ceremony of enthronement in the main hall of Shenyang Palace with reference to the feudal dynasty system of the Han nationality in the Central Plains, changing the "late Jin" to "Qing" and "Tiancong" to "Chongde", and began to formally cooperate with the Ming Dynasty.

In the Royal Miyagi, all buildings should be royal, but there is one exception in Shengjing Palace, which is the "Sanguan Hall" built during Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty. Sanguan Temple was originally a Taoist temple, offering sacrifices to heavenly officials, local officials and water officials. Legend has it that God blesses the people, local officials forgive sins, and water officials help Eritrea. People worship these three officials and pray for good weather, peace and prosperity. Sanguan Temple is located in the palace. When Nurhachi and Huang Taiji built Shengjing Palace, they did not demolish it, but kept it intact. Of course, later Emperor Qianlong moved it to Deshengmen (South Gate) and built Shengjing Ancestral Temple on the original site. Due to the special status of Sanguan Temple, during the reign of Huang Taiji, three major events occurred here, which had an important impact on the great cause of reunification in the Qing Dynasty.

The first thing is to be kind to Zhang Chun. Zhang Chun was an important official of Ming Dynasty, an Apocalypse scholar and an official of Taibu Temple in Shao Qing. Tiancong was defeated and captured in the Battle of Daling River in the fifth year (163 1). However, Zhang Chunning refused to surrender. Huang taiji admired his integrity and talent. Instead of killing him, he treated him with courtesy and brought him back to Shengjing. Keep the three official halls, and send the White Lama, who is very important in the late Jin Dynasty, to further strive for their own use. Zhang Chun lived in Sanguan Temple and used his unique identity to promote the peace talks in Ming and Qing Dynasties. As a courtier of the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Chun neither shaved his head, nor was it easy to convince the public. On the first day of every month, he goes to Beijing for pilgrimage, and even lives and sits in front of the place where Ming Chengzu lives. He refused to accept the invitation of Huang Taiji, only called him "Jin Guohan", refused to recognize him as the emperor, and even often had arrogant words and deeds. Huang taiji did not care. During his ten years in Zhangchunju Temple, he has been treated with courtesy and the treatment remains unchanged.

.. the statue of Princess Zhuang.

The second thing is to surrender to Hong Chengchou. After the death of Zhang Chun, a more famous person lived in Sanguan Temple-Hong Chengchou, the minister of war of Ming Dynasty and the governor of Hebei and Liao. In the seventh year of Chongde (1642), Hong Chengchou was defeated and captured in the battle of Songshan in the spring, and was taken back to Shengjing and placed in Sanguan Temple. Hong Chengchou, a great official of Emperor Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty, was grateful to the Emperor of the Ming Dynasty and refused to surrender. Instead of killing Hong Chengchou, Huang Taiji sent people to surrender many times and asked his beloved princess to send ginseng soup to nourish him at night. At the same time, be caring and attentive to him and help him keep out the cold. Hong Chengchou was so grateful that he fell to his knees on the spot. Later, Hong Chengchou didn't live up to the high hopes of Huang Taiji, and played a great role in winning the Central Plains and wooing Jiangnan. The third thing is to discuss a new monarch. In the eighth year of Chongde (1643), on the ninth day of August, Huang Taiji died suddenly in the Qingning Palace in Shengjing Imperial City, and even the heir was not decided. After the death of Emperor Taizong of the Qing Dynasty, there was a fierce struggle between the royal family and nobles around the issue of heirs. The ambitious prince of Switzerland, Dourgen, wants to inherit the throne. He once called the minister Sony in Zhenghuangqi to discuss the matter at Sanguan Temple, but Sony sternly refused. The next day, Fu Lin was appointed as the new emperor at the King's Meeting in Chongzheng Hall. Sony also led two ministers of the Yellow Flag to the Sanguan Hall to take an oath, willing to take charge of the state affairs together with the auxiliary young master. At the insistence of Sony and others, six-year-old Fu died on the throne. At the enthronement ceremony, the young emperor left many anecdotes to future generations.

On the day he ascended the throne, just before dawn, civil and military officials had gathered in the main hall, waiting for the arrival of the holy driving. When the sun rose, Fu Lin walked out of Yongfu Palace, accompanied by his mother, Princess Zhuang, his wet nurse, Li Jiashi and others, wearing a special little dragon robe and exquisite dragon crown.

At this time, after all, it is already late autumn, and the weather has begun to turn cold. Fu Lin's clothes seem a little thin. Command minister said, deftly took off his jacket and handed it to the nanny park, suggested that she put on Fu Lin. Who knows Fu Lin is determined not to go, they don't understand its meaning. The six-year-old emperor said in a lecture tone, "Don't you see that the lining of this coat is red?" It's my father's funeral. How can I wear a red coat? Besides, I am the emperor, and the emperor should wear a bright yellow dragon robe. "This, four seats are surprised.

.. like the emperor shunzhi.

As he spoke, the dragon chariot arrived. Nanny Parker is worried that Fu Lin is still young, so she will sit on it alone to avoid accidents, so she wants to sit with Fu Lin for support. Who knows, Fu Lin said to Park, "Only the emperor can sit on the dragon chariot, but Mammy (wet nurse) can't. This is the rule of our ancestors. " With that, he walked over and sat on it. There has never been a time when nanny Park didn't hold a sedan chair before. Everyone saw this and praised the young master for being so familiar with things.

After Fu Lin boarded the dragon chariot, he went out of the Phoenix Loumen, passed the Zuoyimen, and drove from the east side of the Daqingmen to the Dazheng Hall. At this point, the princes and ministers had already met on their knees. Jinlong Bao's sofa is tall and big. His personal eunuch picked him up and prepared to greet the king. Just then, Fu Lin suddenly thought of a problem, so he called the minister to him and asked, "Uncle, uncle (king) is going to salute me later. Should I reciprocate?" The imperial envoy replied, "The emperor only needs to sit down and accept it, and there is no need to reciprocate." Fu Lin turned over their nodded his head. The ceremony began. Regents Dourgen and Jill Harlan led the king to worship on the left and right wings. Long live the mountain call, and Fulin accepted the greeting calmly. Then, the cabinet ministers read out the Amnesty letters and sent them to Mongolia and North Korea to announce the world, officially announcing August 26th as the day when the emperor ascended the throne, and the following year changed to the first year of Shunzhi. From then on, the first doll emperor appeared in the family of Aisingjiluo.

The ancient city, imperial city, imperial palace and emperor are all related to Shenhe District, but who would have thought that Hunhe gave birth to the ancient city, imperial city, imperial palace and emperor?

Hunhe River, located in the south of Shenyang, originates from Gunmaling, Qingyuan County, Fushun City, and flows through eleven cities and counties such as Fushun and Shenyang. At Sanchakou, it flows into Daliao River, Taizi River and then into Bohai Sea, with a total length of 4 15 km, which was called "Shenshui" in ancient times. Hunhe River is clear in water and rich in aquatic products. More than 7000 years ago, ancient ancestors lived here.

.. Interior of Dazheng Hall of Shenyang Forbidden City

In A.D. 1625, the area of Shenyang was less than one third of that of Liaoyang, the capital of the late Jin Dynasty, and the population was even less. However, Nurhachi was forced to move to Shenyang in a hurry in Married with a Son, and this time it was only four years since his last "move". According to legend, Nurhachi built Niangniang Temple in the southwest corner of Liaoyang at that time, built Mituo Temple in the east gate, and built Qianfo Temple at the foot of Fengling Mountain, trying to protect Long Mai's imperial spirit with three temples. However, the Three Temples only suppressed the dragon head, the dragon claw and the dragon tail, but the dragon backbone in the city was not suppressed. So the dragon bowed and flew away, flying north to the north bank of Hunhe River. Nurhachi believed that the dragon was an act of God and ordered him to build another city in the land where the dragon was dry, so he moved the capital to Shenyang. The shapes of the Hunhe River and Tianzhu Mountain are regarded by him as the landscape of Long Mai. The Forbidden City (Shenyang Forbidden City) is located in the center of Shenyang, five kilometers away from the Hunhe River. Overlooking the Forbidden City from the air, it looks like a dragon saddle on the back of the Hunhe River, forming a one-stop saddle-equipped landscape.

There is also a legend about the name of Hunhe, which is related to Nurhachi and his son.

In the second year after Nuerhachi moved to Shenyang, Nuerhachi was badly wounded by Yuan Chonghuan's artillery fire, and the mighty army of the late Jin Dynasty was defeated for the first time. In order to save his father's life, Huang Taiji quietly withdrew from the waterway. When Yuan Chonghuan learned about it, he rushed along the river to kill him. Unexpectedly, he found layers of horse manure floating on the river, which surprised Yuan Chonghuan. He seemed to feel that thousands of troops were lurking in the Woods ahead, so he asked the whole army to retreat back to the city. It turned out that when Nurhachi's big ship sailed to the South Riverside Pier, which was only a dozen miles away from Yuan Chonghuan's pursuer, Nurhachi was seriously injured. Huang taiji used his quick wits to throw horse manure into the river to confuse the pursuers. He quickly organized all soldiers to collect horse manure, cut wood and burn it into grass ash, which was mixed with horse manure and scattered into the river. In this way, grass ash mixed with horse manure saved the fate of Houjin. Later, when Huang Taiji became emperor, he turned a corner on the Hunhe River and recalled the past, so he personally named the river "Hunhe" and warned future generations that Hunhe was a life-saving river.

Whether this legend is true or not, it is true that Nurhachi moved to Shenyang. It is true that Huang taiji built the palace and built Qing as emperor. It is also a fact that the Qing Dynasty entered the Central Plains and unified the whole country. Of course, more than 300 years later, Hunhe District, which has been forcibly separated, and Shenyang District, which has ancient cities and palaces, merged into one district, especially Shenhe District.

.. Hunhe Wandu

Today, although Shenhe District is an ancient city, it is a vibrant modern city. Shenhe District was and still is the political center, commercial center, financial center, cultural center, tourist resort and opening door of Shenyang. With its "blessing", it will surely lead Shenyang to create greater glories.