"With guns and dogs" or "Everything depends on hands", what is the life of ancient Shu hunters?

Yang Xiong of Han Dynasty said in his Biography of King Shu: "A fish grew on a hill and became a fairy. This temple is dedicated to temples. At that time, there were few people. " "Tian" is hunting, which shows that there are hunting nationalities in ancient Shu. Later, Shu people gradually went from hunting in mountainous areas to fishing in Chengdu Plain, and gradually turned to farming. However, some ancestors still stayed in the mountains to engage in hunting, which was passed down from generation to generation. They hunt according to local conditions, depending on the mountains, and there are many forms of witchcraft in their hunting life, so they are also called? Witch hunting? .

Hunting Tradition of Ancient Shu People

Ancient Shu? Witch hunting? , mainly distributed in the western margin of today's Sichuan basin. The direction extends from northeast to southwest, from Gannan and Tangjiahe in Qingchuan, Sichuan in the north, Longmen Mountain between Mianyang, Chengdu, Ya 'an, Aba and Ganzi in the middle, and Qionglai Mountain at the junction of Ya 'an and Ganzi in the south, stretching for thousands of miles. In the meantime, the mountains are undulating, towering into the sky, with dense forests and rich ecology. This is the distribution of many national forest parks in China, which naturally nourishes generations of ancestors who make a living by hunting.

The mountainous area of western Sichuan with dense forests.

Ancient Shu? Witch hunting? There are two main hunting customs, one is "carrying guns and dogs" and the other is "relying on hands in everything"!

"Bring a gun and a dog."

In this way of hunting, hunters often walk together with guns and dogs, but they dare not count the number of Qing people and dogs. Hunting together, also known as driving the mountain around. There are also cases where one or two people shoot wild animals while guarding crops. Besides dogs being used for detection and hunting, what are the main hunting tools of mountain people? A gun? This? A gun? Ancient guns, arrows, crossbows, etc. After the invention of firearms in the Ming and Qing dynasties, mountain people gradually began to use them? Guns? , mostly soil guns, simple to manufacture, not allowed but fierce. In the old society, a blacksmith beat a round iron bar into a round caliber, with a thin barrel and a thick base, and a hollow tube in the middle, which was tied to a wooden handle as a gun bore. Self-made black powder, iron sand, iron bars, etc. Plug it into the gun bore, install a lead wire in the gun bore, and ignite the lead wire to detonate the gunpowder in the gun bore when igniting. Due to the expansion of the explosion, the air is churned, and the iron sand and iron bars in the barrel are quickly pushed out, forming a radial nozzle, which can cause great harm to the prey.

With guns and dogs? Curiosity hunting is relatively strong. Generally, experienced old hunters are optimistic about the areas frequented by wild animals. Hunters howl, fire guns or drive away dogs, forming a momentum to drive frightened wild animals to narrow valleys or areas with traps buried in advance. Once the beast enters the encirclement, the hunters will take the opportunity to shoot and catch up with it. When the prey is exhausted, it can be easily caught.

After hunting wild animals, the main shooter is divided into animal heads and skins, and the meat is shared by those who see it. This kind of hunter has a "Meishan meeting", and the eleventh day of the lunar calendar is the session, and the elders preside over the worship of Meishan God.

According to folklore, the Chiyou tribe fought a decisive battle with the Huangdi tribe in ancient times. Chiyou has the ability to drive away birds and animals, and once occupied a dominant position, but was eventually defeated and captured. Chiyou was beheaded, but his soul still refused to surrender and returned to Xuefeng Mountain to become a god, taking charge of the birds and animals in Xuefeng Mountain and gradually becoming the originator of the hunter industry.

The Meishan God worshipped by ancient Shu hunters is the Seven Saints of Meishan. They are friends and assistants of Erlang God. On the forehead of Laole Building of Erwang Temple in Dujiangyan, there is a picture of Li Bing, Erlang and Meishan fighting rhinoceros, which better embodies the hunting tradition of ancient Shu. Mountain people will return their wishes to the nearest mountain temple when hunting wild animals such as old bears, wild boars and leopards. Far away from the temple, the mountain gods were built with stones and sacrificed with animal heads and incense sticks. The elders should recite this message:

The disciples respectfully invited their ancestors to Meishan, Meishan Li in the Middle East and Meishan in Xia Dong. 72 generals went up the mountain and 70 Jiro went down the river. Whistle to call the wind to call the dog Jiro; Inform the boys and support the fire husband; Each hair eats five compartments, and each blood eats five compartments. The people who broke the temple in Hanshan were invited to the general manager of this altar to receive blood food. Please share it equally with the local ancient sages and site owners, and everyone who sees it will have a copy. "

After the sacrificial ceremony, the hunters began to share the meat and go home with thanks.

"Everything depends on hands."

This is a hunting method without tools. Hunters hunt in a natural way, without shotguns or dogs, also known as "Montenegro". Hunters only use ropes, traps, crossbows, etc. Catch wild animals when they go up the mountain. The wizard in charge is called "Hang Dao". They are familiar with the magical power of cutting and urging mountains in Montenegro, and collectively call it "the three wonders of striking mountains." ? Hang the road? There are many ways to set traps, such as? Hold up the pressure plate with one arrow? And then what? Rope? .

An Jian? Choose the only way for wild animals, bend the small trunk into an arch, tie both ends with ropes, and hang an arrow or blade coated with poison in advance. When the beast passed by, he touched the trip line and hit it with an arrow.

Plate uplift pressure? Choose a place where wild animals often pass, dig a small pit shallowly, and erect a slate with branches and bamboo poles. Slate should not be too light, otherwise it can't hold down wild animals, nor too heavy, otherwise it will easily lead to organ failure. Hang a bait in a shallow pit, the beast will eat meat in the pit, touch branches and bamboo poles, the slate will fall down to seal the pit, and the beast will not escape.

Rope? There are two kinds of uses: explicit set and implicit set. Install a cover first, choose ditches, grasslands and crevices with poor light, and put a lasso in places where wild animals often pass. The noose is a slipknot. Once the beast's limbs step in, it can only be tightened, but not relaxed, until the hoof is pricked to death. The other is to install a hidden cover, that is, choose the crossing where wild animals must pass, dig a hole in the ground, select a suitable small trunk next to the hole, stretch and bend it, tie one end of the rope to it, put the rope cover at the other end into the hole, and then cover it with leaves and thin soil to cover its shape. When wild animals pass the touch mechanism, the tree stem will straighten and lift them.

These "hanging paths" will not only? Hold up the pressure plate with one arrow? And then what? Rope? And they will be fascinated by Maike, that is, they can pinch and calculate, and they are unpredictable. They went into the mountains in advance to observe the footprints and feces of wild animals, so as to master the routes and laws of wild animals. According to the change of weather in mountainous areas, choose the time in Montenegro. According to the wind direction, choose the fire location and the location of Montenegro.

The day before I went up the mountain, I ordered my disciples to cut firewood first, with 60 backs in Daheishan and 30 backs in Xiaoheishan. "Hanging the road" personally chose the place where the trap was set, and crushed it with the leaves of "Dahuanghua" (Rhododendron). While walking, I read a spell and scattered it in the footprints of wild animals. It is said that leaves with spells can lead wild animals into traps or ropes.

In the evening, I meditated by the fireplace wearing a cassock and prayed to the gods with pious feelings, asking them to forgive their sins and bless him to go home safely. When I prayed to God, I repeatedly recited "playing folk songs" handed down by my ancestors. Very interesting, one of the lyrics is:

"It's not that I like killing people, nor that I'm too cruel;

Just because I am hungry, just because I am cold;

Dear God, please forgive your offspring!

One by one, I had no choice but to.

People who climb mountains also have a life. The person who climbs the mountain is not Shan Gui, but a mortal.

Hehehe, peel it off and I'll have clothes to wear.

Cut off its meat, I have food, I only have yo.

Feed my life with its life, and worship ghosts and gods with its "cutter head"! "

The next day, it was time to go up the mountain. "Hanging the Road" walked into the forest with 7749 knives of paper money, a cutter head and two little dough figurines. Before sunset, he ran to the pre-selected big stump to represent the mountain god in his mind. He grabbed a handful of green vines with dead branches and wrapped them around the stump, which was called "binding mountain gods". Then spread out the cutter head, lit the paper money, knelt down and began to tell the mountain god:

"Disciple is in trouble today, and I have come to tell the mountain god.

I hope the great god will be merciful and give me a wild boar, an old bear and a deer. How much I pay depends on the mercy of the great god.

Disciples dare not forget their great kindness and virtue, and burn more incense in the future.

After the ceremony, I packed my offerings and went straight to the pre-selected place, where firewood had been packed. "Hanging Diameter" takes the machete that the apprentice has already ground, splits the bamboo on the ground, leaving a five-inch long bamboo pile with an upward tip, which is called "Wu Mei pile". "Hang the road" immediately directs the laying of lassos and the installation of traps.

After everything was ready, he lay on the floor until midnight, "hanging the road" jumped up, let the apprentice light a fire, and hurriedly took off his clothes until he was naked. It is said that this can make ghosts afraid. Disciples kept burning paper in front of a nearby fire, and the "hanging technique" began to somersault and do things on the Wu Mei pile, so that the sharp bamboo tip could not pierce the flesh. He growled and whistled, and the fire blazed. At the same time, "hanging the road" made the little people put by the fire start fighting. Noodles turn red and black, if the red-faced person wins, it indicates good luck, and the "hanging road" is full of energy. If the black man wins, it indicates trouble, and "hanging the road" will make him fight again.

After burning forty Giddens Ko and paper money, Hang Road got up and walked to the water bowl. The water bowl is placed on a nearby stump or flat stone, symbolizing Haizi, and a chopstick is placed on it, symbolizing a wooden bridge. Driven by the magic of "hanging the road", many wild animals have set foot on this bridge and rushed to the trap. Hang Lu smiled proudly and quickly took off his chopsticks, indicating that the bridge was broken and the mountain god was helpless.

Before the cock crowed, the mountain forest was silent, and the "suspended road" lay by the fire, waiting for dawn. At that time, you can count the prey, give it to the mountain god and untie the mountain god. Of course, you have to describe your guilt and difficulties.

"Hanging the Road" is both hard and soft on the mountain gods, even binding the mountain gods and forcing them to submit, but "hanging the Road" will never kill and scratch. Its creed is "you can only eat enough, not eat too much." The creed in their hearts is "black" a mountain and short life. If wild animals give birth, Montenegro will also be punished for childlessness. These eccentric "hanging roads" are all pious and cunning people before God. In front of people, there is an elusive "God".

Conclusion:

Whether "with guns and dogs" or "with hands", the hunting of ancient Shu people is the result of the full integration of man and nature, which is to maintain life and not to kill greed indiscriminately. In particular, the singing of "playing folk songs" and "hanging the road" before the trap vividly embodies the simple attitude of the ancient Shu hunters and is full of life breath. These hunting folk customs embody a practical way and are a special means for ancient Shu ancestors to control nature. It not only believes in animism, but also affirms the power of human beings, showing a kind of confidence and frankness in treating nature.

(Personal opinion, welcome to pay attention! )