24-hour precipitation in Weishan weather

Nearly 600 kilometers away from Lhasa, the scenery is excellent. At present, the nature reserve is under construction, and you can really feel the snowy plateau, grassland, snow-capped mountains, lakes, herders, cattle and sheep. . . Artistic conception of Tibet. Generally, it is more convenient to go from Lhasa by off-road vehicle, or from Dangxiong by truck or domestic jeep, but it is hard and the cost is not much saved. To go to Namco, you must go to Zhaxi Peninsula, which is a karst landform, a cave stone forest, with ancient cave paintings and occasional practice. Around the island, 1.5 hours, good physical strength and excellent scenery. A two-day trip is usually arranged to Namco. On the first day, you set off from Lhasa, passed through Dangxiong grassland and went directly to Zhaxi Lake Island. You can return from Namco the next day, and take a geothermal hot spring bath in Yangbajing if it is convenient. There are also guests who arrange a three-day trip.

note:

1. Namco is 4700 meters above sea level. You have just arrived in Tibet, and you are not used to it. Don't go. This scenic spot can be arranged later. If you really want to prepare oxygen and medicine.

2. Namco is cold at night, so prepare warm clothes in advance. There is only one humble restaurant and hotel on Tashi Island, with poor conditions and few beds. There are often no beds in the peak season. Please prepare food, tents, sleeping bags and other equipment in advance.

3. Yangbajing Tickets 30-40 yuan

Biju skull wall

Located in Nakuru County, it is a wall consisting of a head and a skull. You can take a ride if you are interested.

Taihu Lake

Taihu Lake is located at the junction of Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, in the south of the Yangtze River Delta, with beautiful scenery and rich flavor of Jiangnan water town. The vast Taihu Lake is dotted with these 48 islands. These islands, together with the peaks and peninsulas along the way, are called 72 peaks. They extend from Tianmu Mountain in Zhejiang, or stop at the lake, or enter the lake one after another, forming a natural picture of the lake outside the mountain. Located in the south of the lake with an area of 62.5 kilometers, Dongting West Mountain is the largest and most beautiful island in Taihu Lake, facing Dongting East Mountain across the sea. Taihu Lake 72 peak, Xishan 465,438+0. The fog peak, the main peak standing in the center, is also called the staggered peak, with an altitude of 336 meters. In addition to temples and summer buildings, mountains mainly win with natural beauty, and autumn moon, Xue Mei and other scenery are the most distinctive. In addition, there are many grotesque rocks and caves on the Western Hills, and the exquisitely carved Taihu rocks decorate the whole island quite chic. Dongting Dongshan, east of Taihu Lake, is one of the 72 peaks. The main historical sites in the mountain include the clay sculpture of Zijinan in Song Dynasty, Xuanyuan Palace in Yuan Dynasty, brick-carved gatehouse in Ming Dynasty and modern carved architecture. The essence of scenic spots and historical sites in Taihu Lake is concentrated in the north bank of Taihu Lake. The most famous are Yuanyuanzhu and Lihu Lake.

There is heaven above and Suzhou and Hangzhou below. Wuxian County is undoubtedly a paradise in heaven.

"Taihu Lake has beautiful scenery and the essence is in Wuxian County". Taihu Lake covers an area of 2,400 square kilometers, with Wuxian accounting for 3/4, 72 peaks in the lake and 58 peaks in Wuxian City. Among the 13 Taihu Lake scenic spots planned by the State Council, six scenic spots, Dongshan, Xishan, Guangfu, Jiaotoe, Mudu and Shihu, are located in Wuxian City, and there are Shigong Mountain, Linwudong, Qiyuan and Tianchi Mountain in the scenic spots.

There are many cultural relics and historic sites in Wuxian County, and there are 89 cultural protection units at or above the county level, including 24 at the provincial level and 1 at the national level. There are three paleolithic sites in Sanshan, four ancient cypress original sites of Qing, Qi, Gu and Qi, exquisite sculptures of Tang Dynasty in Baosheng Temple and colorful arhats in Zijinnan Temple. It has a long history and a rich collection of humanities.

Wuxian is a shopping paradise for tourists. There are not only local products such as loquat, waxberry, orange, plum, whitebait, white shrimp, plum crucian carp, water shield, hairy crab and Biluochun, but also Wu-culture handicrafts such as Suzhou embroidery, leather silk, sculpture and inkstone. The products are rich and the technology is unique.

Wuxian city, surrounded by the ancient city of Suzhou, has obvious geographical advantages. In recent years, Wuxian has built a large number of entertainment and basic supporting service facilities such as Taihu National Tourism Resort, Taihu Bridge, Dongshan, hotels and Guangfu Airport, and developed plum blossom festival, autumn tour of osmanthus, fresh fruit tour in four seasons and tour of ancient water towns.

Taihu Lake has beautiful scenery, and Wuzhong people are intelligent and beautiful. It is the best choice for your travel, sightseeing, leisure and vacation.

Poyang Lake (in Jiangxi Province)

Poyang Lake, the largest freshwater lake in China. Located in the north of Jiangxi Province, 50 kilometers northeast of Nanchang City. Poyang Lake receives water from five rivers: Jiangxi, Fuzhou, Guangxi, Rao and Xiushan, and is connected with the Yangtze River, the largest river in China. At normal water level, Poyang Lake covers an area of 39 14 square kilometers and has a volume of 30 billion cubic meters. Its annual inflow into the Yangtze River exceeds the sum of the Yellow River, Huaihe River and Haihe River. There are about 200,000 hectares in Jiujiang, Poyang Lake, and there are six counties (districts) including Duchang, Hukou, Xing Zi, Yongxiu, De 'an and Lushan. It is a pearl in northern Jiangxi.

Poyang Lake is vast in smoke and water. After a long geological evolution, it has formed a shape that is wide in the south and narrow in the north, just like a huge gourd tied to the belt of the Yangtze River. Due to the influence of the southeast monsoon with abundant water vapor, the annual rainfall of Poyang Lake is above 1 1,000 mm, forming a humid monsoon climate of "Zeguo Caofang Biyi, Plum Blossom Yellow Rain" and becoming a famous land of fish and rice.

Among the lakes in China, Poyang Lake has the largest freshwater aquaculture area, and it is the place where some precious fish roam, spawn and fatten in the Yangtze River. There are 0/22 species of fish and 50 species of phytoplankton in this water area. Poyang Lake also has 2 million mu of grassland, which is rich in aquatic plants. From June 10 to March of the following year, hundreds of thousands of rare birds and migratory birds came here for the winter. In June, 1983, Jiangxi Provincial Government established Poyang Lake Migratory Birds Nature Reserve in wucheng town, Yongxiu County. 1988 the State Council was approved as a national nature reserve in May. This nature reserve is the world's largest wintering crane group, accounting for more than 98% of the world's total. It is also the largest swan flock found in the world so far, with more than 30,000 geese. There are 54 species of national protected animals in the nature reserve, and 13 species of birds are listed as endangered birds in the world by the international bird protection organization. Rich and precious bird resources have won a reputation for our country. The presidents of WWF-Prince Philip of England, Prince Henrik of Denmark, and experts and scholars at home and abroad made a special trip to visit here. Many domestic and foreign tourists came here, calling it "the kingdom of rare birds" and "the second Great Wall of China".

Animals and plants in Poyang Lake

Every winter, many tourists and outsiders go to the nature reserve to watch birds. The bird-watching season is from 165438+ 10 to March of the following year. The famous scenic spots in the lake area include Luoxingdun, lakeside beach, flaming mountain and Laoye Temple.

A. Ziyang Dike is a granite dam, which was built in the Song Dynasty when Zhu Ren joined the South Direct Army. Because Zhu was named "Ziyang", the local people named it "Ziyang dike" to commemorate him.

B. Luoxingdun, located in the lake two kilometers south of Xing Zi County, Li Daoyuan wrote in Notes on Water Classics: "The falling star stone is more than 100 steps a week, five feet high, with bamboo and wood on it. It is said that there are stars falling, so it is very famous. " Therefore, Xing Zi County got its name. In the Five Dynasties, Luoxingdun was named Baoshi Mountain, and pavilions were built on it in the early Song Dynasty, including Wang Anshi and Huang. Stop at Luoxing Temple, overlook the beautiful scenery of Lushan Mountain, and see the beautiful scenery of Poyang Lake. The golden scales leap and egrets fly. The pastoral poet Tao Yuanming's scene of returning to the field in the past seemed faintly visible.

C on the lakeside beach, take a speedboat from Luoxingdun to the southeast for eight minutes, and you can see the endless "Shili Jin Tan". Here, the slope is flat, the sand is fine and the sun is abundant. It is a very good place for sunbathing, sand bathing and lake bathing. The lakeside beach will be natural and simple, so that mainland tourists can enjoy the beach without going to the beach. Beach tourism will sweep away your travel fatigue and sigh the rich returns of nature.

D. Flame Mountain, located in the lake eight kilometers northeast of the tourist terminal, is composed of various shapes of gravel and is red, so the locals call this scene "Flame Mountain". Being in it, people can't help but admire the strangeness of nature and appreciate the mysterious, quiet and fairyland-like beauty.

E. Laoye Temple, also known as "Xianying Palace". According to historical records: "At the end of Yuan Dynasty, we fought with the puppet Korea in Poyang. When I lost, I was walking by the lake. I met an old man rowing on the shore and gave me a gold ring. I was embarrassed to look back. It's dusk, stay in the temple and write poems on the wall. " Later, it was named "Yuan General Temple". The waters in front of the Laoye Temple are known as "Bermuda, China", with fast-flowing water and complicated hydrogeological conditions, which adds a mysterious color to the Laoye Temple.

F Poyang Lake Migratory Bird Reserve, 40 kilometers south by boat from the tourist pier, is a migratory bird viewing area. As a new type of tourist destination, it is increasingly favored by domestic and foreign tourists. From June 1 1 to March of the following year, Cao Zhou and lakes and marshes have vast areas and become the most ideal habitats for all kinds of wintering birds. According to the survey of the International Crane Foundation, there are more than 150 species of wintering migratory birds, and there are nearly 1 10000. Among them, there are 1350 white cranes, which cover the sky and cover the sun. When migratory birds fly, they are spectacular. Therefore, Poyang Lake Migratory Birds Area is listed as "World Class A Migratory Birds Reserve".

Water travel routes and prices

Ziyang Dike Luoxingdun Ziyang Dike Luoxingdun Lakeside Beach Laoye Temple Ziyang Dike Luoxingdun Huo Yan 25 yuan /40 yuan /35 yuan/person.

Distance from water recreation center (i.e. tourist pier) to various scenic spots

Zhou Yu pointed out that Guanyin Bridge Ailianchi Bailu Academy Xiufeng Lushan Mountain

0.5 km 6 km 0.5 km 10 km 6 km 50 km

Luoxingdun Laoye Temple Huoyan Mountain Xieshan Lakeside Beach Migratory Bird Area

2 km 15 km 8 km 38 km 12 km 40 km

Poyang Lake is becoming a paradise for rare wild animals.

Poyang Lake, located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, is the largest freshwater lake in China, and also the habitat of many rare wild animals such as baiji, finless porpoise, Chinese sturgeon and crane. In recent years, due to the aggravation of water pollution in the Yangtze River and the deterioration of the ecological environment, the living environment of rare wild animals such as baiji and finless porpoise has also been destroyed, and the number has plummeted. Now these rare animals are hard to see in the Yangtze River valley, and occasionally appear in a few places such as Poyang Lake.

In Poyang Lake, baiji was once very common, but now it is hard to find traces; However, the number of finless porpoises is still very large. According to Director Zhou of Poyang Lake Management Bureau, in the last two years, only one or two baiji dolphins were found in the middle of the river, but more than 300 finless porpoises were found. There are four reasons for the decrease in the number of wild animals such as baiji: first, the natural reproduction ability of finless porpoise and baiji is relatively low, the growth cycle is relatively long, and the development ability is relatively weak; Second, after 1970s and 1980s, due to the increase of fishing intensity, fish resources decreased. Third, the influence of artificial sand digging, blasting and Yangtze River shipping; Fourthly, environmental pollution has also affected the survival of some animals.

In order to protect these rare animals, the local government has established a protected area for finless porpoises and other animals in Poyang Lake area. Fishing activities in the reserve are closed for several months every year so that these animals can get enough food. The local government is also committed to arousing local residents' awareness of protection. Now fishermen in Poyang Lake area are more and more aware of protecting rare wild animals.

Poyang Lake not only provides a broad and safe living space for baiji, finless porpoise and Chinese sturgeon, but also attracts a large number of rare migratory birds such as cranes, storks and swans to spend the winter here every year. Poyang Lake Migratory Birds Reserve is one of the most important winter habitats for white cranes in the world. Every year, about 2,900 cranes come to Panyang Lake in Jiangxi for the winter, accounting for 98% of the total number of cranes in the world.

According to reports, in order to provide a good habitat for these rare migratory birds, as early as 1988, the China municipal government set up a migratory bird reserve in Poyang Lake. Through years of publicity and management, the phenomenon of rare migratory birds being killed and smuggled has been significantly reduced. At the same time, with the development of planting, aquaculture and fishermen in nature reserves, they bid farewell to the traditional lifestyle of fishing for a living, thus greatly improving the phenomenon of people competing for fish with birds and providing more food sources for birds.

weishan lake

Weishan Lake is located at east longitude 1 16. 34 degrees north latitude. 27'。 The largest area is about 1266 square kilometers, accounting for 45% of the province's fresh water area. It is the largest lake in Shandong Province and a famous large freshwater lake in China, and its fishing yield per unit area ranks first among large lakes (the area is greater than 1000 square kilometers). The whole Hunan is 126 km long in the north and 5-25 km wide in the east and west. The narrowest place in the middle is called the waist of the lake. 1960, a lake dam was built at the waist of the lake, and a sluice and a lock were built on the dam, which divided the lake into two parts, with the upper lake area of 602 square kilometers in the north and the lower lake area of 664 square kilometers in the south. The maximum allowable water level of Lake Superior is 36.50m, the water level of Li Xing is 34.20m, and the dead water level is 33.00m.. The maximum allowable water level in Xiahu Lake is 35.00 meters, the water level in Li Xing is 32.5 meters, and the dead water level is 1000 square kilometers). The whole Hunan is 126 km long in the north and 5-25 km wide in the east and west. The narrowest place in the middle is called the waist of the lake. 1960, a lake dam was built at the waist of the lake, and a sluice and a lock were built on the dam, which divided the lake into two parts, with the upper lake area of 602 square kilometers in the north and the lower lake area of 664 square kilometers in the south. The maximum allowable water level of Lake Superior is 36.50m, the water level of Li Xing is 34.20m, and the dead water level is 33.00m.. The maximum allowable water level in Xiahu Lake is 35.00 meters, the water level in Li Xing is 32.5 meters, and the dead water level is 3 1.5 meters. The flood control capacity of the whole lake is 473 1 100 million cubic meters; Li Xing water level storage capacity is 65.438+70.2 million cubic meters; Li Xing adjusted storage capacity165438+28 million cubic meters; The average water depth is about1.5m. It is a large freshwater lake with shallow water. The lakeside is bordered by mountains in the east, plains in the west, fertile land in northern Jiangsu in the south and the hometown of Confucius and Mencius in the north, with a drainage area of 3 1.700 square kilometers. The Beijing-Hangzhou Canal runs through the northern part of Hunan, connecting the rivers and water systems in the north and south.

Weishan Lake belongs to Sihe River system in Huaihe River basin. The floodplain of the Yellow River in the west of the lake is located between the Yellow River and the old Yellow River, and the terrain is gentle, with a gradient of about 5000% to 20000%. The river is wide and shallow, with large flood peak and low flood volume. From west to east, it flows into Weishan Lake through Zhuzhaoxin River, Laowanfu River, Dongyu River and Fuxing River respectively. In the north, Ji Liang Canal receives water from northern Hebei and Yuncheng, Liangshan and Dongping Lake. In the east of the lake, the near lake area is the Quaternary alluvial hilly plain of Taiyi Mountain, and the far lake area is the Maiqi hilly area of Mengshan Mountain. The river channel is short, and the flood peak is high and urgent. From east to west, it flows into Weishan Lake through Sihe River, Quanhe River, Futao River, Baima River, Hecheng River, Guohe River, Shihe River and Dashahe River. Weishan Lake receives water from 32 counties, cities and districts in the east, west and north of Shandong, Jiangsu, Henan and Anhui provinces, with a drainage area of 310.7 million square kilometers. There are 47 major rivers entering the lake, including Sihe River, Ji Liang Canal, Baima River, Zhuzhaoxin River and Laolao River with a basin area of 65,438+0,000 square kilometers.

There are different opinions on the causes of Weishan Lake. According to the existing geological data and geomorphological analysis, controlled by geotectonics since Cenozoic, Luxi area has been in the process of intense decline for a long time, forming a depression and becoming a vast plain. The eastern part is adjacent to the hilly area in central Shandong, and the junction has the geological conditions of accumulating water to form a lake. From the analysis of geological structure and sediment types in the lake area, Weishan Lake is located on the Quaternary accumulation of late Cenozoic from north to south, but the sediments in the lake are few and thin, indicating that a large number of sediments have gone through a long historical stage, and the lake was not formed on the Quaternary accumulation for a long time. Through the analysis of the evolution process of recorded rivers such as the Yellow River and Sihe River, it is found that the breach of the Yellow River is an important reason for the gradual formation of lakes, and the change and development of canals have accelerated the formation of southern lakes. From Xia Dynasty to Qin Dynasty, many cities were built in the present Nansi Lake. According to historical records, the "Guo Huan" in Xia Dynasty was once located in Zhongjia Shallow Village on the east bank of Nansi Lake. The "Luan State" sealed by the Zhou Dynasty was established 6 kilometers west of Luqiao Town. According to Water Mirror Notes, Taoshui in Surabaya is located in Gaoping West, with Maoxiang Town in the west, Langting, Langtai, which is 40 miles southeast of Mao Cheng Town, belongs to Lu State, Hu Ling County in the northwest of Liu Zhuang Township, and Zhaoyang Lake in Chengzimiao Village, Zhanglou Township. This shows that Nansi Lake evolved gradually later.

According to historical records, Surabaya was originally on the west bank of Weishan Lake, flowing from Yanzhou through Luqiao and Nanyang in Weishan County, to Gu Ting in Yutai County in the east, to Peixian County in the south, across Xuzhou, from Huaiyin to Huaihe River and eastward into the sea. The current is gentle and is the main tributary of the lower reaches of Huaihe River.

BC 132 (the third year of Han Yuanguang), the Yellow River first seized Si and entered the Huaihe River. The Yellow River burst in Zanzi (now southwest of Puyang, Henan), slipped southeast to Juye Ze, seized the old road of Surabaya, and turned to Huaihe River to enter the sea. The Yellow River flooded between Ji and Pu for twenty-three years, until 109 (the second year of Yuanfeng in Liang Wudi), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent tens of thousands of soldiers to block the breach. At this time, the Yellow River did not seize Sri Lanka from the whole river. Until the early Song Dynasty, although Wang Mang moved the Yellow River for the second time within three years after the founding of the People's Republic of China, his influence on Surabaya was still not serious. However, the movement of the Yellow River water made some depressed sedimentary facies areas appear in Luxi Plain. According to the Biography of Zhou Xue in the Sui Dynasty, "The hydration of Dongyi and Yanzhou flowed south and flooded osawa". It can be seen that a swamp lake was formed in the Sui Dynasty in the south of Jining, below Yanzhou on the east coast of ancient Sishui.

Since 1077 (the tenth year of Xining in northern Song Shenzong), the Yellow River has changed its course and its breaches have gradually increased, and the role of the Yellow River flow in accelerating the evolution of Weishan Lake has also increased accordingly. In A.D. 1 194 (the fifth year of Jin Zhangzong Mingchang), the Yellow River burst in Wu Yang, Henan Province, and entered Liangshanbo into the north and south. The Southern Han Dynasty entered the Huaihe River from the South Qinghe River, passed by Shangfen, Jiaxiang and Jining, and now joins Sishui in the southwest of Luqiao Town, Weishan County, and enters the Huaihe River in Qingjiang City, Jiangsu Province. In AD 1495 (the eighth year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty), Liu Daxia built Huanglinggang and was repairing the Taihang levee. All the Yellow River water flowing northward, from Kaifeng to Xuzhou, then to Huaiyin, and from Huaiyin to Haikou Nanlankao copper tile box burst northward, and from Shandong Lijin to the sea to capture the Daqing River, formed the present Yellow River, which has gone through more than 660 years. On the one hand, a large amount of sediment silted up, forming the current bed of the Yellow River, blocking the road from Surabaya to Huaihe River, causing long-term stagnation of floods; On the other hand, due to the interaction between the Yellow River and the eastern rivers, the prototype of Nansi Lake with different size, shape and bottom elevation appeared from north to south in this area. According to the geological data of drilling and sediment analysis, the lake was formed in the middle and short term of Quaternary accumulation.

With the northward movement of political centers in past dynasties, the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties successively established Beijing as the capital. In order to "deliver water along the Yangtze River and Huaihe River to meet the needs of the capital", they abandoned the canal waterway centered on Luoyang built by Sui Dynasty and began to communicate with the north and south canals in Yuan Dynasty, in 1289 (in the 26th year of Yuan Dynasty) and 1293 (in the 30th year of Yuan Dynasty). At this time, the natural river course of Surabaya was used as a canal between Jining and Xuzhou. In order to maintain the shipping depth, a sluice was built on the Sishui River, and the landscape of Hedong stopped at the east bank, and Zhaoyang Lake and dushan lake began to take shape. In the Ming Dynasty, the Yellow River continued to flood, Huang Qiang weakened, and the way out of Surabaya was blocked, which led to the continuous expansion of Zhaoyang and Dushan, and a small lake connecting Chishan, Weishan, Lvmeng and Zhangzhuang appeared near Weishan. During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, a new Nanyang River was dug, which moved the traffic route from Zhaoyang Lake to Hudong, and Dongsha River introduced dushan lake and He Xue introduced Lumeng Lake. In A.D. 1640 (thirty-two years of Ming Wanli), Hui River (now Hanzhuang Canal) was opened, and the canal moved eastward again, laying the foundation for the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. So far, four lakes, Chishan, Weishan, Lvmeng and Zhangzhuang, have expanded rapidly and merged into Weishan Lake. With the development of the canal, in order to store and deliver water in Dongshan, lakes such as Zhaoyang have become canal tanks. Here, Nanyang, Dushan, Zhaoyang and Weishan are connected, and today's Nansi Lake is initially formed.

Therefore, the genesis of Weishan Lake is not only controlled by the geotectonics, that is, the depression geological conditions formed by the long-term decline of Luxi Plain, but also influenced by the natural landforms in the middle and middle mountains of Shandong Province and the eastern landscape of Sihe River. Moreover, due to the long-term flooding of Huang Ke, the Sihe River lost its outlet and the water flow stagnated. In addition, the 240-mile-long zone between Jining and Xuzhou gradually evolved into a shallow lake-Weishan Lake. With the further development and utilization of Weishan Lake, more experts and emperors will continue to explore and improve the origin and evolution of Weishan Lake.

Weishan Lake flow area belongs to the continental climate of warm temperate and semi-humid monsoon region, with an average annual temperature of 65,438 03.7℃, an average annual sunshine of about 2,530 hours and a frost-free period of 209 to 224 days. The average annual precipitation in the west of the lake is about 700 mm, and that in the east of the lake is 750-850 mm. 60% to 70% of the rainfall is concentrated in the flood season, mostly cyclone rain or typhoon rain, which is easy to cause floods. There is little rain and snow in autumn, winter and spring. It is characterized by spring drought, summer waterlogging and late autumn drought. The interannual variation of rainfall is also great. There is a great difference between wet year and dry year, and the average rainfall in the basin is twice as different, so droughts and floods often occur. Before the treatment, the water system in Huxi Plain was disordered and the drainage was not smooth. The Hudong River is short and fast, and the flood is fierce. In addition, the area along the lake is low-lying. During the flood season, the water level of the lake rose sharply, causing floods. During the drought, the lake dried up, the land cracked and locust disasters occurred frequently. Many county chronicles record that "floods drift, Lushe is the city" and "bare land is thousands of miles away, and the road is hungry".

After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), in order to eradicate all kinds of natural disasters, large-scale water conservancy construction began, and 250 small and medium-sized reservoirs were built in the east of the lake; Flood control and high and low drainage measures have been taken in the West Lake Plain, and the water system has been greatly adjusted. Three main flood control and drainage rivers, Dongyu River, Zhuzhaoxin River and Ji Liang Canal, have been excavated, and more than ten medium-sized rivers, such as Wanfu River and Huihe River, have been treated. Leibaima River, Zhushui River, Caihe River, Zhuzhaoxin River, Futao River, Laowanfu River and other key rivers entering the lake are flooded once every three to five years. On the lakeside, west of the lake and east of Nitrate, a 66-mile levee was built. More than 6,000 meters long water control project was built at the waist of the lake, and Han Zhuang sluice control project was built at the exit of the lake. The total length of the deep ditch in the lake is 52.87 kilometers, which is used to dredge the drainage channels and open up the navigation channel that runs through the north and south. The lake began to store water in a planned way, and measures such as enclosure, station building and drainage were taken in the lakeside area.

After years of management and construction, Weishan Lake has changed from a lake with serious natural disasters to a lake with certain flood control and waterlogging elimination ability, with multiple functions such as water storage, fish and poultry breeding, shipping and tourism, and its economic benefits have been significantly improved.

□ Socio-economic overview

Weishan Lake Basin includes 32 cities, counties and districts in Shandong, Jiangsu, Henan and Anhui provinces. Jining City, Shandong Province governs 1 1 counties, and 972 1 square kilometers are all in Weishan Lake Basin, accounting for 30.7% of the total basin area of 3 1.7 square kilometers. In addition to Weishan Lake, this survey also includes six counties under the jurisdiction of Jining City, namely Weishan County, Yutai County, Suburb, Jinxiang County, Jiaxiang County and Zouxian County. There are 36 towns and villages with surface elevation below 37 meters in the lakeside area, with a total area of 30 17.4 square kilometers, accounting for 3 1.04% of the city's total area. Cultivated land area 1 159.3 square kilometers (17.39 million mu); The population is 6.5438+0.238 million (including 55,900 fishermen and 510.4 million lake residents), and there are 474,000 labor bureaus.

After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), under the leadership of the party and the government, in order to completely change the backward appearance of the lake area and eradicate the flood disaster, the State Council approved the establishment of Weishan County on 1953, in charge of Weishan Lake; Large-scale water conservancy construction was carried out; On the basis of agricultural capital construction focusing on water conservancy, rice reform was implemented in Binhu District in 1964. By 1983 * * *, 685 irrigation and drainage stations have been built, with installed capacity of 152 1 set, 9,267 motor wells, 4,859 supporting machines and 5,565,438 installed machines, and 7 large-scale sluices have been built, which basically realized drought and flood protection and stable agricultural production. With the development of agricultural economy, the mechanization level of agricultural production has been continuously improved. 1983, agricultural power machinery developed to 2575 1 set, 337 18 1 tile, and each tile undertook 5.2 mu of cultivated land; There are 24,650 fishing boats, 22,737 fishing gear 12 species, 4 1 species. There are only 455 navigable ships with a load of 24,579 tons. The change of production conditions and the improvement of productivity have promoted the economic development of the lake area. 1983 Grain crop area1230,000 mu, with a yield of 560.9 kg per mu and a total output of 690,000 tons, which is 4.56 times higher than that of 1964 before the rice reform in Binhu, and the yield per mu is 4.7 times higher. The cotton planting area is 654.38+0.22 million mu, the output is 57.9 kg, and the total output is 7.098 tons. The total agricultural output value within the scope of investigation is 602 million yuan, which is 7.7 times higher than the best 1956 in the early days of the People's Republic of China, with an average annual growth rate of 8.4%, of which the agricultural output value is 39.635 million yuan, accounting for 64.2%, 1.8%, 6.3% and 21./kloc respectively.

From Weishan Lake 1950 to 1959, the average fishing yield was 2251.9 tons. In 1955, the fishing yield reached 26,600 tons, and the area of aquatic economic plants was 520,000 mu. 1957 After the once-in-80-year flood, fish, fish and economic plants were seriously affected. 1960 ~ 1969, the average annual output of fishery decreased to 10296.6 tons, 1972 ~ 1975, fish and crab fry were put in intermittently, and certain effects were achieved.1970 ~ 65433. It continued to improve after 1980. From 1980 to 1983, the fishery output reached 18208.5 tons, which has not recovered to the highest level in history. In order to increase fishery resources, the state invested in the construction of three state-owned freshwater farms in Nanshang Lake, with a total area of 2,950 mu. At the same time, 95 commercial fish bases were built along the lake, with water areas of 1, 7 1.88 mu. Aquatic products supply and marketing companies have been set up in Jining city, suburbs, Weishan county and Yutai county, and eight aquatic products purchasing stations have been set up in the lake area. In order to improve the living conditions of fishermen, 24 fishing brigades have been helped to establish fishermen's new villages, with 6,543,800 fishermen settled, and the production and living conditions of fishermen have been greatly improved.

There are abundant coal and power resources along the lake, and the annual coal output of each mine is about120,000 tons. The electric power industry in Lake District is also a national key construction area. Jining Power Plant has built an installed capacity of 300,000 kilowatts and a planned installed capacity of 900,000 kilowatts. The Zouxian Lumian Power Plant under construction plans to generate 300,000 kilowatts, and the planned installed capacity in 85 years is 3.6 million kilowatts. Large-scale projects such as Jiaxiang Power Plant, Yanshi Railway and East Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project in Hudong, as well as the planning and design of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal and the 50,000-ton wharf running through Nansi Lake have been approved by the Ministry of Communications and are waiting for construction. At present, the shipping vessels in Nantong, Nanjing, Shanghai and Hangzhou, after the expansion of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal, will become the main artery of north-south water passenger and cargo transportation. Over the past 30 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China, Nansi Lake has become the largest freshwater fishery base in Shandong Province, a commodity grain base rich in rice and wheat, a transportation distribution base with the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal and the Jinpu Railway as the backbone, and a national key energy industrial base with electricity and coal as the mainstay.

Ebinur L.

China, a faulted lake in the southwest of Junggar Basin, Xinjiang. Also known as Lake Burhachi. The lake is oval and is the catchment center of Junggar Basin. There are Bortala River, Jinghe River, Kuitun River, Sishu River and Laba River. In history, the largest water surface area of Ebinur Lake reached10.2 million square kilometers, and the annual water inflow reached10.2 billion cubic meters. Due to land reclamation and river closure in the upper reaches, only two rivers enter the lake, and the other three rivers are cut off before entering the lake, with an annual water volume of only 500 million cubic meters. The annual precipitation in Ebinur Lake area is less than 100mm, but the annual evaporation on the water surface is as high as 1.300mm, the elevation of the lake drops to 1.89m, the lake area is reduced to 1.070 square kilometers, the average depth is less than 2 m, and the salt content reaches 87 g/L..