Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Weather forecast - How to analyze the characteristics of haze weather?
How to analyze the characteristics of haze weather?
Fog is a common disastrous weather phenomenon, and its occurrence is closely related not only to the weather system, but also to the underlying surface and topography. The formation of fog is very local, which is determined by rich water vapor content in the atmosphere, relatively stable stratification in the air near the ground, warm air flowing through the cold surface area or severe radiation cooling. According to the causes of fog formation, fog can be roughly divided into two categories: one is frontal fog, high-pressure fog and low-pressure fog under the influence of weather system; The other is advection fog, radiation fog and evaporation fog formed by the nature of the underlying surface. In addition, there is uphill fog affected by the terrain. Generally speaking, coastal areas, mountainous areas and cities are foggy areas. The inland areas of China are mostly radiation fog, and the coastal areas are mostly advection fog. Mountain fog can often be seen on windward slopes in mountainous areas, and frontal fog can often be seen in areas and seasons with frequent frontal activities. There is fog all year round in our country, which is foggy in most areas in autumn and winter, and less in spring and summer.
(1) Radiation fog is the fog formed by radiation cooling on the ground at night, which mostly occurs at night and in the morning when the weather is clear, the breeze and the water vapor near the ground are sufficiently stable or there is inversion.
(2) Evaporation fog refers to cold air flowing through warm water. If there is a big difference between the air temperature and the water temperature, the cold air near the water surface will condense into fog due to a large amount of water vapor evaporation.
(3) advection fog is the fog formed when the warm and humid air flows horizontally to the cooler underlying surface and the lower part cools. Advection fog cannot do without the horizontal flow of air. As long as there is a persistent wind, the fog will last for a long time. If the wind stops and the source of warm and humid air is interrupted, the fog will soon dissipate.
(4) The uphill fog is the fog formed by adiabatic expansion and cooling when humid air flows up the hillside. Adiabatic expansion refers to the expansion process without heat exchange with the outside world. Fog on uphill is more common in mountainous areas.
Occurrence characteristics of haze in China
Smog in most parts of the country has obvious seasonal changes, and its basic characteristics are: more in winter, less in summer, and middle in spring and autumn. The weather conditions when haze occurs are characterized by stable and dry air masses. There are many days in winter to meet such weather conditions, and some places use coal for heating, which is dusty and easy to form smog. In most parts of China, it is rainy in summer, local convection is strong, and rainfall is abundant compared with other seasons, which washes away pollutants such as dust in the air and is not conducive to the formation of haze weather.
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