Adults have a high fever of 39 degrees. What happened?

When the weather turns cold in autumn, the number of cold patients in some hospitals in our city suddenly increases, and some people take antibiotics as antipyretics as soon as they have a fever, which leads to imbalance of flora in the body and persistent high fever. Su, director of pediatrics at the Municipal Women and Children's Hospital, said that 80-90% of the children who came to their hospital used antibiotics, and 60-70% of them abused antibiotics.

Repeated failure to reduce fever

1 in the morning, the observation room of the emergency center of the downtown hospital was crowded with patients waiting for infusion, most of whom were elderly people. Under the care of their families, they either lie or sit in hospital beds. Some patients with infusion have much more swollen hands than those without infusion. A 70-year-old man with gray hair coughed and said, "Nine times out of ten, the infusion here is a cold. I have been dripping for several days, but my fever has not gone down again and again. "

Liu Gang, director of the emergency center, said that during this period, the number of cold patients increased, and the symptoms were mainly fever, sore throat, cough, sore limbs and fatigue. Compared with the same period of last year, the number of cold patients has increased, with 130- 140 people every day.

The number of pediatric outpatients in major hospitals in our city is increasing. 1 in the morning, there was a long queue waiting to see a doctor in the pediatric clinic of a hospital in the city, including babies who were still in infancy and children who just could walk. Compared with those naive children, parents' faces are full of anxiety. Dozens of children, some are doing homework or reading storybooks, eating while infusion. A four-year-old boy holds an infusion needle in his small hand fixed with cardboard boxes and tape, and a brown plastic gun in the other hand. The child's father said that it has been infusion for 4 days, but it has been repeated every time after the fever has gone down. The child's maximum temperature has reached 40 degrees Celsius, and it has not improved. The whole family is worried. There is also a five-year-old girl who has a fever of 40 degrees Celsius for three days. She has been infused for five days, and her temperature will drop after infusion. After the drug effect, the body temperature will come up again. Every time she loses for more than three hours, the child can't sit still and can only tell her stories. According to the head nurse of pediatrics, there are 170- 180 children who come here for infusion recently because of a cold and fever, and more on Saturday and Sunday.

Abuse of antibiotics.

Su, director of pediatrics at the Municipal Women and Children's Hospital, said that due to the cold weather and the large temperature difference between morning and evening, some people with poor immunity could not adapt to it, leading to colds. Colds are mainly divided into bacterial colds and viral colds. Children's colds and fever are mainly viral. There is a big difference between viral cold and bacterial cold. Generally, a routine blood test is needed. Bacterial cold is the kind with high white blood cells, and viral cold is the kind with normal or low white blood cells. The treatment methods are also different. However, due to the abuse of antibiotics, some patients with viral colds have been cured for a long time. A few days ago, a few-month-old baby caught a viral cold, and his parents took his child to a private clinic. In the absence of routine blood tests, the clinic gave the child an oral scar, and at the same time gave antiviral, antibiotic, antipyretic and hormone treatment. Due to the abuse of antibiotics, the flora in the patient is out of balance, and the child has a high fever. When he went to the city women and children's hospital for examination, he developed otitis media. After 6 days of routine medication, the fever was reduced in the hospital and then transferred to the otolaryngology department for treatment.

Director Su said that as long as patients have a fever, some people use antibiotics as antipyretics. Many children who come here use antibiotics, and 60-70% of them use drugs indiscriminately. In fact, there are many reasons for fever, such as virus infection and immune function. Abuse of antibiotics will only delay the disease. The most typical reason is that the abuse of the third-generation cephalosporin, which was originally suitable for serious infections, led to its widespread use, which produced extended-spectrum β -lactamases that destroyed antibiotics in many patients, and many bacteria such as Enterobacteriaceae developed resistance to the third-generation cephalosporin. Abuse of antibiotics will also lead to an increase in treatment costs.

According to reports, the World Health Organization requires 50% of patients who use antibiotics to carry out bacterial culture before taking drugs, while the proportion in China is less than 30%. Many doctors didn't think of sending them for inspection until they took turns to use a variety of antibiotics and still couldn't see the effect. But at this time, because the patient already contains antibiotics, the bacteria may have mutated, and the positive rate of the sample is reduced, which brings great difficulty to determine the pathogenic bacteria; Prophylactic medication before operation is very common. In order to "enhance" the patient's resistance, high-grade antibiotics are used before surgery, that is, before the patient is infected. This practice is not only useless, but also a great waste; The use of antibiotics in many cases that are not bacterial infections at all brings difficulties to the rescue of patients.

Antibiotics-a "double-edged sword"

The reporter learned that while antibiotics cure diseases and save the lives of many patients, adverse reactions, bacterial resistance and even treatment failure caused by unreasonable use are increasingly common. Antibiotics are a "double-edged sword". The World Health Organization warned that due to the abuse of antibacterial drugs, doctors have fewer and fewer weapons to deal with germs. In this way, mankind is likely to return to the era without antibacterial drugs. According to statistics, 200,000 people die of adverse drug reactions every year in China, 40% of which are due to abuse of antibiotics, that is, 80,000 people die of abuse of antibiotics every year in China! According to experts, many antibiotics have adverse reactions. Such as allergic shock of penicillin antibiotics, if not rescued in time, it can die quickly; The biggest side effect of tetracycline antibiotics, such as tetracycline and oxytetracycline, is that it will be deposited in the teeth, which will lead to the dark and yellow teeth of tetracycline. Nowadays, many young people around the age of 30 have tetracycline teeth, which almost destroyed the teeth of a generation; Quinolone antibiotics, such as norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin, will affect bone development and should not be used by pregnant women and children under 16. Gentamicin seriously damages hearing; Children's central nervous system is not fully developed, and their liver function is not fully developed. When taking chloramphenicol, it is difficult to inactivate the drug, which is easy to cause "grey baby syndrome" of cardiovascular failure, and in severe cases, it can be fatal. In addition, if neonatal red blood cells lack glucose -6- phosphate dehydrogenase, hemolysis may occur when sulfonamides and furans are used.