What are the weather characteristics below 23.5 degrees south latitude in Africa?

The climatic characteristics of Africa are: high temperature, wide dry areas and obviously symmetrical distribution of climatic zones. Known as the "tropical continent".

The climate in North Africa is mainly tropical desert, and the annual precipitation is mostly below 2mm. The climate of sub-Saharan Africa is dominated by savanna and rainforest, and the precipitation in most areas is more than 1 mm.

The climate types in Africa are obviously banded, and the north and south are roughly symmetrical.

Climate map of Africa

Name: Africa.

location: located in the southwest of the eastern hemisphere, it spans the north and south of the equator, and some parts of the northwest extend into the western hemisphere. It borders the Indian Ocean in the east, the Atlantic Ocean in the west, Europe across the Mediterranean Sea and the Strait of Gibraltar in the north, and Asia in the northeast corner with the narrow Red Sea and Suez Canal.

range: the mainland reaches Cape Hafeng (51 24 ′ east longitude and 1 27 ′ north latitude) in the east, Cape Egales (2 2 ′ east longitude and 34 51 ′ south latitude) in the south, Cape Verde (17 33 ′ west longitude and 14 45 ′ north latitude) in the west, and Cape Giran (14 45 ′ north latitude) in the north.

area: about 3.2 million square kilometers (including nearby islands). It accounts for about 2.2% of the world's total land area, second only to Asia and the second largest continent in the world.

climate: Africa is called "tropical continent", and its climate is characterized by high temperature, little rain and dryness, and the distribution of climatic zones is symmetrical from north to south. The equator crosses the center, and the climate generally decreases from the equator with the increase of latitude. The area where the annual average temperature is above 2℃ accounts for about 95% of the whole continent, and more than half of them are hot all year round, and nearly half of them have hot warm seasons and warm cool seasons. The annual average temperature in Daluoer, northeastern Ethiopia, is 34.5℃, which is one of the highest in the world. In Aziziye, south of Tripoli, the capital of Libya, the temperature was as high as 57.8℃ on September 13th, 1922, the highest temperature in Africa. Kilimanjaro is located near the equator. Because of its high altitude, the top of Kilimanjaro is covered with snow all year round.

The precipitation in Africa decreases from the equator to the north and south sides, and the distribution of precipitation is extremely uneven. In some areas, there is almost no rain all year round, and in some places, the annual precipitation is as high as 1, mm or more. One third of the whole continent has an average annual precipitation of less than 2mm. There is more precipitation on windward slopes in the southeast, along the coast of the Gulf of Guinea and mountainous areas.

general situation of climate in Africa

the equator runs through the central part of the African continent, and 3/4 of the area lies between the tropic of cancer. From the zonal position, the whole of Africa is located in equatorial climate zone, tropical climate zone and subtropical climate zone. Heat and drought are prominent features of Africa's climate.

Africa is known as the "tropical continent" because it has the largest tropical climate area and the highest average and absolute temperatures in all continents. In addition to the north and south ends and some mountainous areas, more than 95% areas are hot all year round. The 15℃ isotherm of the most Leng Yue (January in the north of the equator and July in the south of the equator) is basically consistent with the 2 latitude line between north and south. Almost all the hottest months in Africa are above 2℃, while those in Sahara Desert and kalahari desert are as high as 3 ~ 4℃. The high temperature record of 57.8℃ in Azizi in the north and the annual average temperature record of 34.5℃ in Dallol in Danakil lowland in the east are the highest temperature records in the world so far. In most areas, the temperature in annual range is very small, and the daily range is larger than that in annual range, which has obvious tropical continental climate characteristics.

Africa's climate and weather

The arid area is vast. Africa has the widest dry climate in the world. About 3/5 of the whole continent belongs to arid and semi-arid climate zone. The Sahara Desert, kalahari desert, namib desert and Somali Peninsula are world-famous dry areas. Arid areas with annual precipitation below 25 mm account for about 2/5 of the total area of the whole continent, among which the annual rainfall in vast areas of the Sahara desert is less than 5 mm, and some places even have no rain for many years. Semi-arid areas with annual precipitation of 25 ~ 5mm account for about 1/5 of the total area of the whole continent. The ratio of arid and semi-arid climate zones is the highest in all continents.

The regional distribution of precipitation is extremely unbalanced. Africa has world-famous rainy areas and low rainfall areas. The annual rainfall of the equatorial belt and the windward slope along the Gulf of Guinea is 2 ~ 5 mm, and the annual rainfall of the windward slope in the southwest of Cameroon volcano is more than 1, mm, making it one of the world-famous rainy areas. However, the annual rainfall in Sahara Desert and namib desert is less than 1 mm, and even a large area of rainless areas appears. The annual rainfall on the windward slope of Reunion Island in the east of Madagascar is 88 mm, and the annual rainfall on the leeward slope is only 731 mm, which is a typical example of uneven rainfall distribution.

The climatic types are distributed in a zonal north-south symmetry, and the equator crosses the central part of the continent. The climatic types extend in a zonal shape along the latitude, and the gradual change law is obvious, which fully shows the uniqueness of the climate in Africa. Taking the tropical rain forest climate in the equatorial region as the central axis (due to the influence of the topography of the East African Plateau, it does not reach the east coast of the mainland), it gradually changes to tropical grassland climate, tropical desert climate and Mediterranean climate from south to north, and the tropical savanna climate, tropical desert and semi-desert climate in North Africa reach the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean coast in a strip shape.