About Longwang Temple in Xishan, Kunming, Yunnan

The Longwang Temple in the western hills of Kunming is really mysterious. I will tell you some legends I know. If you want to know more, I suggest you read the book Dianchi Chronicle written by Gao Lan, a professor at Yunnan University. There are some things written in it, but many things handed down from the people are not written. The Longwang Temple in Xishan, Kunming was very prosperous from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China. The photos of French missionary Fang Suya recorded the grand occasion of the temple fair that year. Seen from the grass sea of Daguanlou, the white building wall at the foot of Xishan Mountain is the Longwang Temple in Qing Dynasty. According to textual research, Longwang Temple existed in the Han Dynasty, and at that time, it was dedicated to "Fu Ling as the holy emperor of Dian River (the water god of Dianchi Lake)" and "Fuxi Mountain as the king emperor of Qing Dynasty (the god of Biji in Xishan Mountain)". Hu Weiben's "Nanzhao unofficial history" volume "Great Guo Meng" said: "Twelve saints are named twelve mountain gods." [3] (Volume 1 P 10) Ni Ming-Ti's Nanzhao unofficial history Da Guo Meng said: "In Meng Ping, Yuedu is sealed, with the heavenly emperor as the country's Lord and the seventeen sages as the seventeen mountain gods." [1] (P380) Academics believe that mountain gods are landowners. The Story Collection of Jigu Temple in Yuan Daozong recorded Wang Lecheng, the third son of Ashoka, for nine years, and all of them were given the title of emperor, and God dominated the mountain and worshipped the temple. Fubang, the eldest son, was called Emperor green gang of Mount Biji at the foot of the main temple, followed by the holy emperor who hated the Yi River, and the famous Emperor Dui of Jinma Mountain at the foot of Jinma Mountain. Uncle Shi's god is called the Great Sage's grandfather tomorrow, and the temple is also on the left side of the main temple of Biji Mountain. All of the above are recorded, but what is unknown is the folk oral culture. With the passage of time, we came to the Yuan Dynasty. At that time, the real power ruler of Yunnan was Liang Wang, who built a Summer Palace in the West Mountain, which is the front of Longmen Grottoes today. Dali's political power also spread to Duan Gong, the son of Duan Jun, the ninth generation manager of Dali. At first, he was the magistrate of Hua Meng (now Weishan) until twelve years. In the spring of the 23rd year of Zheng Zheng (A.D. 1363), Ming Er, the general of the peasant uprising at the end of Yuan Dynasty, led his troops to Yunnan and captured Zhongqing (now Kunming). The ruler of Yunnan, Balzara Valmy, and provincial officials all fled to Chuxiong. Damon Liang Youshi chanting cloud:

There is no grass and yellow dust in the wild,

Many people died on the roadside.

It is sad and infinite,

Chicken Mountain or Old Elbow Spring?

At this time, Duan Gong, the general manager of Dali, was afraid that the peasant rebels would continue to advance westward and endanger his rule, so he sent troops to help Liang Wang and beat back Ming Er, thus maintaining Liang Wang's rule in Yunnan. In order to thank Duan Gong for his help, King Liang paid tribute to Pingzhang's administration in Yunnan and married his daughter Princess Agai to Duan Gong as his wife. Duan Gong therefore stayed in Yunnan and did not return to Dali. King Liang was afraid that Duan Gong was armed to the teeth and had the ambition of "swallowing golden horses and golden chickens", so he began to kill Duan Gong. In the autumn of the 26th year of Zheng Zheng (A.D. 1366), Liang Shi ordered his daughter Agai to poison Duan Gong with peacock gall. Agai is a beautiful and loyal Mongolian girl. She is in love with her husband. Instead of poisoning Duan Gong, she leaked all Liang's plots to kill Duan Gong. Advise Duan Hong to go back to Dali, and she is willing to go back with him. However, Duan recognized his contribution to Liang Wang, and Liang Wang would not assassinate him or listen to his wife's advice. The next day, Liang Shi invited Duan Gong to worship Buddha in the East Temple and came to Tongji Bridge to learn about Liang Wang's ambush.

After learning the news that her husband was killed, Princess Aguirre was heartbroken and wrote in tears:

My family lives in the depths of Yanmen,

A piece of idle clouds goes to Yunnan Sea.

The heart hangs the bright moon and shines in the blue sky.

The sky was silent for three years.

Want to follow the bright moon to Cangshan,

I have missed the lottery all my life.

Anu, dirt road section,

Sejong and Shi Xiu are slaves.

The clouds are shining and no one can be seen.

You can't bet on the discoloration of reed flowers.

Neiping sat alone and thought.

Xishan tielifeng sake.

This is a poem written in Chinese, Mongolian and white, and "stepping on color" is a famous sentence in Mongolian. "Tucao Tucao" is a loanable meaning. "Slave is not good" means that Shi Zongxiu was as unfortunate as Duan Gong and was killed. "Bubulu Flower" is said to be the name of a kind of grass revived in the north. "Anu" is Agai's nickname for her husband Duan Gong, and there are also "Along" and "A Feng" in today's vernacular. The "meat screen" is a hunchback, and the "iron frame" is a pine forest.

Yang Yuanhai, Dali native, Duan Gongbu. Before Duan Gong was killed, he had noticed signs that Liang Shi and others wanted to kill Duan Gong, and repeatedly advised Duan Gong to return to Dali, but Duan Gong refused to listen and was killed. Yang also committed suicide in anger, leaving a poem:

Six months of fame and fortune,

I can't stand the world of mortals today.

Life and death have been determined since ancient times.

Do you blame others for your good luck?

Butterflies dream of the moon and the sea.

The cuckoo's cry broke the pale spring.

Forever mourn the land of Yunnan,

Don't cry when drinking.

This is the outline of the story. What happened later? It is recorded in Yang Shen's Yunnan Annals in the Ming Dynasty: "King Liang loves deep-sea talents and wants to use them for his own use. When he saw the poem, he pitied it and ordered Pingzhang (referring to Duan Gong) to be buried in Dali. "

Duan Gong did not listen to the advice of his wife Princess Agai and Yang Yuanhai, and returned to Dali with beautiful scenery. On the contrary, he died tragically in a foreign land, and his body was transported back to Dali and buried under the Le Ying bee in Cangshan. At present, Duan Gong's tomb remains behind the Three Pagodas Temple in Dali. After only three years of marriage with Agui, he was killed. There is no record in the history books whether he has children or not. Duan Gong's ex-wife Linda Gao has a woman and a man in Dali. The woman's name is strong slave and the man's name is Duan Bao. When Duan Gong died, Qiangnu 12 years old. He is determined to avenge his dead father. He personally embroidered the banner of "Vowing to avenge my father". Seven years later, when Qiangnu wanted to marry Ali in Jianchang (now Xichang), he gave the flag to his younger brother Duan Bao and said, "I will wait for you to grow up and embroider this flag for seven years. I will go back to my husband's house and get revenge from the soldiers. I also wrote two parting poems:

First of all:

Coral hooked me out of my boudoir,

Tears are everywhere.

Growing up in front of an ice mirror,

Golden branches and jade leaves have lost their beauty.

Birds and rabbits often travel,

Did Gui Fulan choose to move temporarily?

I'm disappointed that my compatriots didn't endure parting.

You should know that the focus of hate is low.

His skin turns from red to autumn,

Get back in the car and say goodbye to the east bank of Hull River.

Hongtai salt source is hard to see,

The wind-pricked frost knife is easy to plug the chest.

Second:

The old mountain is high and the water is far away.

Lunar New Year overlap and autumn weight.

Tears poured down all night,

How many places did you meet in Guanhe, Li Qian?

Duan Bao, who succeeded Dali 10 generation general manager, did not always forget to avenge his father like his sister. According to Yang Zhen's Record of Yunnan, "Liang Wang sent an arrow to stab Pingzhang, attacked Dali for peace talks, and promoted the treasure to Zuohe, Yunnan." According to the records of Xinya Monument in Shidou Xiangquan section of Dengchuan, Eryuan County, Duan Bao claimed to be "Duan Xinya Monument, Marshal of Dawanguo" and said "Long live the Prince" to the royal family of Liang. Later, peasant rebels attacked Yunnan, and Liang Wang sent Han Tiemu and go to dali to borrow soldiers. Duan Baocai replied: "Kill the tiger and eat its mother, divide the millet and cheat from the public, kill the captive on the false road, and sacrifice the wall to swallow the danger." Gold-printed jade books are bait for hooked fish; Embroider a lady and set a trap to cover the cone. Now Pingzhang is dead, and all the brothers and crabs are dead. Today we are going to build a mastiff and a slave, and the slave is redundant. A mastiff can be matched with Sister Gay. In that case, I'll borrow a soldier. If it doesn't agree, it will come when Jinma Mountain becomes Diancang Mountain and Kunming Pool becomes Xi 'er River. "There is a poem at the back of this book.

Fire and smoke don't match,

Riding a horse and climbing a mountain for show is prevarication.

Zhang Ping wasted his red account,

The imaginary problem outside the members is the wall chart.

The wind is different, the mountain is auspicious, the omen is hidden,

Raoyou countryside is full of light.

Because of the boundary gap,

Success or failure, ups and downs are not mine.

After Zhu Yuanzhang ascended the throne in Nanking, Duan Baocai sent his uncle Duan Zhenlai to write a letter, disowning Liang Wang. In the 14th year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 138 1), Zhu sent generals Fu Youde, Lan Yu and Mo Yingzhi to attack Yunnan. Because of the loss of Dali's aid, Liang Wang was defeated, and finally "burned his dragon clothes, drove his wife to Dianchi Lake and died, and then hanged himself with Zuo Yongda's right donkey night hut" (see (New Yuan History)). Duan Bao was dead at this time, but it was the Ming army soldiers who really "destroyed Liang Wang and got revenge".

Liang Wang's rule in Yunnan was destroyed. Princess Agai, who died with a young life without fear of violence, lived in people's hearts forever and became a beautiful and loyal female image, which was revered by people. People built a temple to commemorate her. According to (Kunming County Records):

"Today, I took an examination of Ke Pingzhang Duan Gong at Longwang Temple and Liang Wang's daughter Agai at Gu Yue Temple." Zhou Yansha, a Bai poetess, wrote in Princess Liang Agui:

Riding the Zhu Yi City Bridge,

Make a bow knife.

Poor land in Kunming,

Yuan was wronged.

Wild goose gate is hard to return,

Where to the heron?

Death has a general's dome,

Golden Horse and Blue Phoenix don't know where.

According to Comrade Guo Moruo's records in the second and third incidents of (Peacock Gallbladder): "I have never been to Kunming and Dali, and it is quite laborious to investigate the historical and geographical situation of (Peacock Gallbladder) during its brewing period ... After the first draft was completed, Mr. Yang from Kunming gave me great help. He drew me a map of Kunming and made a thorough investigation of the mountains and rivers in Kunming, especially the remains of Duan Gong and Aguai.

I am deeply grateful to him. And Yang Shuxin four letters, and a poem, title:

Yaning is full of feelings,

Help me finish peacock gall.

The chess pieces sent are treasured in the jade letter.

It's a good idea to pass it on forever.

He was ordered by Yaning to write and send it to him immediately: "You can hang a sword at leisure after returning home, but it is difficult to tear the mud and transport the wind."

Mr. Yang is a Bai nationality in Jianchuan. He spent his youth in Dali and later went to Kunming to be a reporter. Therefore, he is familiar with the historical geography of Kunming and Dali, and provides reliable information for Comrade Guo Moruo to write a play (Peacock Gallbladder), which makes us feel credible after reading it. It would be more meaningful if people could look at the anecdotes about peacock gall again.

The historical facts are over. Maybe you think this Dragon King Temple has something to do with it. If you read the previous article carefully, then there is a sentence: "According to (Kunming County Records)" Today, I took an examination of Duan Gong of Kepingzhang in Longwang Temple and Agai, the daughter of Liang Wang in Akuta Temple. "The mysterious veil of Longwang Temple was unveiled. After Duan Gong was killed, it is said that the Ministry of Communications took General Yang Yuanhai and his descendants to live in seclusion in Longmen Village at the foot of Xishan Mountain (the village has now been demolished). So 70% people in Longmen Village are surnamed Duan. According to textual research, it is unknown when the Longwang Temple began to offer sacrifices to Duan Gong, but it can be roughly known that it was after he was killed, that is, after the twenty-six years from Yuan Dynasty to Zheng Zheng (A.D. 1366). After being destroyed during the Cultural Revolution, Longwang Temple was overhauled in the Qing Dynasty. According to the inscription, the existing Longwang Temple was built by Governor Cen Donated Silver 100 in Yungui. This ancient temple was destroyed in the Cultural Revolution. The existing small temple was rebuilt by five duang families in Longmen Village in the early 1990s, and it was managed by these five families in turn. Why Duan Gong became the Dragon King of Dianchi Lake needs further exploration. I have also heard a legend. The Dragon King of Erhai Lake in Dali could not bear the tragic death of future generations. Kunming "refers to Duan Gong" (during the Dali period, the emperor and general manager of Dali were considered as the sons and grandsons of the Dragon King of Erhai Lake, the so-called Mr. You), so he was appointed as the Governor of Dianchi Lake and managed Dianchi Lake. Therefore, it is a tribute to Duan Gong, but more mysterious is yet to come.

Walking in the villages around Dianchi Lake in Kunming, you will find some incense halls and the like, and you will also see that the Longwang Temple is covered with statues painted by some folks. These paintings are also hung in these incense halls, and there are portraits of Duan Gong on these paintings, which are generally handed down from generation to generation. There are some records in Dianchi Chronicle, and more things are learned by ourselves. Finally, it is concluded that Longwang Temple is a temple dedicated to Duan Gong, a local national hero in Yunnan, and it also represents the respect and admiration of ordinary people for ancient heroes. According to Taoism, the Longwang Temple in Dianchi Lake in Xishan belongs to Yangyuan Temple. This kind of temple is usually worshipped by local heroes to be the king of gods. In short, it's a long story, but through the above explanation, you should have a certain understanding of Xishan Longwang Temple!