What is the main content of "modern meteorological operational system"

Research on some problems of modern meteorological service system

Tang Xu * and Zhang Hongguang

(China Meteorological Bureau, Beijing 10008 1)

Abstract: On the basis of analyzing the practice of establishing modern meteorological service system in some countries and combining with the practice of meteorological service in China, the basic concept of modern meteorological service system and the necessity and urgency of establishing modern meteorological service system in China are put forward, and the operation mechanism, organizational structure, technical support and how to establish modern meteorological service system are discussed and studied.

Keywords: research on meteorological service system

China Library ClassificationNo.: P45 1 Document ID: A DocumentNo.:1007-9033 (2001) 04-0005-04.

Meteorological service has always been the core issue of meteorological work. In order to adapt to the rapid development of science and technology, promote the sustainable development of social economy and improve the efficiency of government investment in public welfare institutions, meteorological departments in many countries are actively exploring the meteorological service system under the new situation. In particular, the re-understanding of the role and position of the national meteorological department under the condition of market economy and the diversification of traditional public welfare meteorological services have made the establishment and development of a new meteorological service system that keeps pace with the times an important trend in the reform and development of meteorological undertakings in various countries in the era of economic globalization and information technology. To truly integrate meteorology into social economy, it is necessary to build a production relationship that meets the requirements of social and economic development and meteorological "productivity" development, and one of the important aspects is to establish a modern meteorological service system. This paper focuses on the practice of establishing modern meteorological service system in relevant countries, and discusses some problems of modern meteorological service system in combination with the actual meteorological service work in China.

1 Understand the modern meteorological service system

What is the modern meteorological service system? The author thinks that the modern meteorological service system is a complete system which is connected by the stable relationship between service providers and service demanders (including the corresponding economic relationship, organizational relationship, operating mechanism, technical methods, etc.) to meet the new needs of new technology, new economy and new society under the conditions of socialist market economy. ).

What is closely related to the modern meteorological service system and fundamentally determines the development strategy of the modern meteorological service system should be the concept of modern service, or the guiding ideology of establishing and maintaining a new service relationship. Only talking about economic relations and ignoring the correct service concept will inevitably lead to the difficulty of service work going deep into all walks of life and really playing its role, thus affecting the healthy development of service itself. Some developed countries attach great importance to the concept of meteorological services. After the modernization, the US Meteorological Administration put forward a "seamless" forecasting service strategy, which made its foreign service and culture reach a new level. The Canadian Meteorological Bureau takes service as the starting point of all work, puts the research on service demand in the first place, and takes demand forecast as the key content of decision-making. These can be considered as commitments to the public and users. Similarly, the civil aviation department put forward the promise of "providing seamless service for any passenger to arrive at any place at any time", and the "first choice, first warning" put forward by the American Environmental Meteorological Prediction Center. The new commitment means a major adjustment to the traditional service model, service organization, business structure and the relationship between service providers and service demanders. It embodies high efficiency and high quality, and finally embodies the characteristics of society adapting to the information age and the diversification trend of meteorological information sources. Therefore, both public welfare meteorological services and commercial meteorological services must pay attention to users and their needs. How to transform demand into the determination of relationship, the formation of mechanism and the organizational form suitable for demand requires our strategic thinking and design.

The essential difference between modern meteorological service system and traditional meteorological service system lies in the operation mechanism, which depends on the establishment of new service concept and economic relationship. Scientific and reasonable economic relations can, on the one hand, correctly evaluate the value of meteorological service products through economic returns and solve the problem of financial support for the healthy development of the whole meteorological cause; On the other hand, through the restraint and incentive mechanism contained in economic relations, it can also promote the improvement of meteorological service quality and make the service more targeted. Stable and reasonable economic relations have become an important basis for countries to adjust the combination of meteorological work and social economy. In recent years, some countries with developed market economy in Europe and America have made fruitful explorations in the operational mechanism of modern meteorological services. A typical example is the inter-governmental professional service fund of the British Meteorological Office, and the partnership proposed and being operated by some other European countries and the Canadian Meteorological Office. Partnership refers to establishing long-term and stable relations with important users with special needs, including economic relations. One of its main purposes is to solve the problem of payment and settlement between government departments. Similar to the owner responsibility system implemented in China's capital construction, the fees paid by meteorological departments for services to other departments of the country are no longer directly allocated by the central government, but are reflected in the budgets of other departments. Inter-departmental settlement makes it economically possible to supervise the quality and efficiency of meteorological services. The main partners of the Canadian Meteorological Bureau include the Ministry of National Defense, provincial local governments, the Coast Guard and aviation enterprises. The partners (important service users) of the Danish Meteorological Bureau include the Ministry of National Defense and the Air Force, government coastal management authorities, traffic road management authorities, airport management authorities, aviation service companies and the media.

Why establish a modern meteorological service system? We have noticed that, on the one hand, with the establishment and perfection of the socialist market economy, the way the government manages the economy and the financial and economic system will inevitably undergo fundamental reforms, and it is impossible for finance to continue to do all the work for public institutions. On the other hand, influenced by the increasing demand of domestic meteorological service market and the continuous development of international meteorological service commercialization, meteorological service itself also presents diversification and diversification. These two aspects constitute the main external factors that promote the profound change of meteorological service system. For a long time, due to the relatively weak meteorological service system, the service mode and organization for all kinds of users, as well as the operation mechanism adapted to the market economy system, are still bound by the planned economy model. The national meteorological department's energy is too much involved in how to get more funds from finance, how to get more returns from the market and how to safeguard its own interests, which to some extent reflects the helplessness of solving the shortage of business funds when the new economic relationship has not been established. The long-term efforts and practice of meteorological departments at all levels, on the one hand, reflect the urgency and reality of establishing a new meteorological service relationship, on the other hand, show that we have a certain foundation in establishing a modern meteorological service system.

The establishment of modern meteorological service system is both a challenge and an opportunity. From the meteorological system, the formation of modern meteorological service system will inevitably affect the reform of the whole meteorological management system and business technology system, and then restrict the establishment and improvement of modern meteorological service system; From the perspective of the whole social and economic system, the promotion of the status, role, image and benefit of the national meteorological department depends on the establishment of a modern meteorological service system.

2. About the operation mechanism of modern meteorological service system.

A certain economic relationship is determined by a certain category and nature of meteorological services, and a certain economic relationship must also correspond to specific users. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the economic relationship and operational mechanism of modern meteorological service system from the perspective of development through the subdivision of service objects. According to the object of meteorological service in China and the characteristics of China's finance and economy, we objectively determined the economic value of meteorological work and all its outputs. Conducive to the national meteorological department to obtain stable and good economic input; It is beneficial to promote the meteorological department to improve its working methods and efficiency, and puts forward various relationships and corresponding mechanisms that need to be established in the future modern meteorological service system.

(1) Government (including government actions of the state). Meteorological infrastructure belongs to national infrastructure, and meteorological data is a national resource. Therefore, it must be clear that the state has the main responsibility in meteorological infrastructure and basic data accumulation. Decision-making service is the main connotation of characteristic meteorological service in China. Providing meteorological services for relevant decisions of governments at all levels is the primary task of China's meteorological departments. Governments at all levels are also users of meteorological services. As beneficiaries, governments at all levels have corresponding financial support responsibilities for meteorological services. The operational mechanism of meteorological services decided by the government is mainly defined by laws and regulations. Determine mutual economic relations in the form of long-term special services, and include such funds in financial budgets at all levels.

(2) Important partners. Meteorological sensitive departments such as civil aviation, transportation, agriculture, environment and military are important users of meteorological services. Drawing lessons from foreign experience, we call it "partner" and our relationship with them is called partnership. The so-called partnership refers to a mutually beneficial and long-term stable interdependence, which needs to be guaranteed by a certain operating machine. The obligation of meteorological department to provide services to other departments is transformed into the payment of fees by beneficiary partners to meteorological department. The application business of relevant departments (such as civil aviation) is "outsourced" to meteorological departments. The establishment of partnership enterprises is an objective requirement to adapt to the reform of national financial investment system, which makes financial investment in undertakings more transparent and easy to manage. The accounting of inter-departmental financial funds is also conducive to promoting the meteorological department to improve the service system, enhance the pertinence of services, improve service quality and maximize service benefits. Therefore, the concept of partnership is feasible in China's modern meteorological service system.

(3) the public. It is difficult to establish a direct economic relationship between meteorological services and the public, which is largely indirect. The development of public meteorological service is inseparable from the media, and the relationship with public service will be transformed into the relationship between meteorological service and media to some extent. In view of the characteristics of social public services relying on mass media, meteorological services for the public can be carried out with reference to the idea of reform and reorganization of radio and television industry (that is, separation of compilation and broadcasting). For meteorological information service, editing is basic information processing and forecasting product production; Production is the packaging and corresponding processing of service products; Broadcasting is a part of using media. In the modern meteorological service system, the public-oriented meteorological service should develop a technical system centered on "production" and establish and develop a stable, good and mutually beneficial economic relationship with the media. According to the principle of separation of production and broadcasting, the production of meteorological service products (including film and television products) is relatively independent. Judging from the situation, the meteorological service products broadcast by the media will only be bundled or attached to the media, and the public will still get them free of charge, but the media enterprises must make appropriate returns on the value-added benefits they bring. This economic relationship with the media also puts forward higher requirements for meteorological business technology, and it is necessary to set up a relatively independent entity to make special production.

(4) Market users. The economic relationship with enterprise users is market-oriented. Internationally, the competition in the future meteorological service market is still the competition of products, information and information sources, and its core is personalization-vividness, constant updating-vividness, accuracy-authority. Therefore, the close relationship with market users must be based on the quality of meteorological service products. Because the service object is specific, if the economic benefits of service can be quantified and understood by users, it is an effective way to ensure the establishment of economic relations with enterprise users through specific service contracts.

By establishing long-term good economic relations with the government, partners, media and enterprise users and seeking common development, it will ultimately greatly promote the improvement of service quality and targeted enhancement, and also help to form diversified and stable investment channels.

3. Organizational structure of modern meteorological service system

An important issue of modern meteorological service system is what kind of organization undertakes what kind of service. The organizational structure of modern meteorological services should mainly include national meteorological departments, non-profit organizations and commercial meteorological service enterprises. Looking at the development of meteorological services, even in countries with a high degree of marketization, the national meteorological department is still the leading force of meteorological services, but it is not enough to handle all meteorological services. Under the influence of macroeconomic policies and institutional reforms, while adjusting the internal structure of meteorological undertakings, it is also necessary to directly face the development requirements put forward by the economic and social environment and cultivate and develop diversified service subjects. In the organizational structure of modern meteorological service system, the national meteorological department is no longer a monopoly. At the 53rd meeting of the Executive Committee of the World Meteorological Organization, the United States proposed to discuss the role of the media and private meteorological agencies, and suggested that relevant contents should be included in the revised draft convention of the World Meteorological Organization. This fully shows the trend of development and change of meteorological service entities.

Regarding the division of services, what stands out in China is whether the national meteorological department can engage in commercial meteorological services. In Europe and some countries with developed market economy, such as Canada and Australia, national meteorological departments are allowed to engage in commercial meteorological services, but some problems involving fair competition are also exposed. Therefore, the relationship between national meteorological departments and non-governmental meteorological institutions is difficult to handle, and frictions occur from time to time. It is really difficult to find a practical way in this regard. If all kinds of economic relations in the modern meteorological service system can be established, supplemented by the reform of fund management methods (such as the "budget management method based on expected results" being tried out by government agencies in some developed countries and international organizations such as the United Nations and the World Meteorological Organization), this problem may be easier to solve. After all, no service entity can solve all meteorological service problems and meet all meteorological service needs. Both national meteorological departments and non-governmental meteorological institutions need to determine the key service areas according to their own characteristics and advantages. For example, the national meteorological department focuses on developing fixed users and large users (such as government and "partner" users) to produce special products. Non-profit and for-profit meteorological institutions focus on developing small and medium-sized users and producing personalized products.

4. On the technical support of modern meteorological service system.

This problem is also the relationship between modern meteorological service system and service technology system in new generation business technology system. Meteorological service technology system is an important part of the new generation meteorological service technology system. The technical system of meteorological service refers to the information reprocessing and organization of meteorological information from product generation to users in the service process. The service technology system has its own technical process, while the meteorological service system mainly studies the economic and structural relationship between service providers and service demanders. From the perspective of meteorological service, meteorological service technology system is the technical support of meteorological service system, but it is only a part of it. The report "Research on the New Generation Meteorological Service Technology System" organized by China Meteorological Bureau elaborated the technical method system of meteorological service in detail.

How to establish a modern meteorological service system

Modern meteorological service system is an important development problem, which contains many social, economic and scientific problems. Its establishment and perfection need the joint efforts of all parties.

First of all, at the national level, on the one hand, we should reform the financial system and management mode according to the idea of modern meteorological service system, fundamentally promote the formation and improvement of various economic relations in modern meteorological service system, and implement them in policies; On the other hand, it is necessary to clarify the responsibilities and obligations of the government in the development of meteorological undertakings in the form of laws and regulations, and clarify the total investment of state finance in the construction of meteorological service system infrastructure (such as observation network, information transmission system and national earth environment database), meteorological international exchange, basic research of meteorological science and meteorological government behavior, and formally incorporate them into corresponding financial channels. In addition, the state should also protect economic interests through laws and regulations, establish a market system and protect national industries.

Secondly, at the level of national meteorological departments, on the one hand, we should speed up the leap-forward development of meteorological service technology system in accordance with the requirements of modern meteorological service system, and lay a technical foundation for the establishment and development of modern meteorological service system. China Meteorological Bureau is studying the reform of business technology system in the past 30 years. Among them, the technical system including meteorological service is deeply studied. In the China Meteorological Development Outline (200 1 ~ 20 10) for the whole industry and the Meteorological Development Plan (200 1 ~ 20 15) mainly from the perspective of the meteorological department itself, it is important to establish, develop and improve the meteorological service technology system. At present, it is necessary to speed up the top-level design of the specific business technology system reform plan. On the other hand, it is necessary to carry out institutional innovation and improve management methods. It is necessary to seriously study the trend of national reform and development, especially several important trends related to the establishment of modern meteorological service system, such as enterprise management of national meteorological departments and diversification of funding sources. Adapting to these changes will inevitably involve the adjustment and innovation of organizational structure, operating mechanism and management mode. In the operational mechanism, taking the diversified funding system organized and implemented by the state as an opportunity, taking cost accounting as a link, the meteorological service quality evaluation mechanism and funding input mechanism are established in accordance with the principle of legalization.

In addition, at the level of other service entities, we should correctly handle the relationship between competition and cooperation. As far as cooperation is concerned, it includes both the cooperation between service providers and users and the cooperation between service providers. The above partnership is a cooperation mode between service providers and users. Service providers also need to cooperate, and the national meteorological department plays an important role in it.