When did the battle of Yiling take place?

The battle of Yiling, also known as the battle of Yiling and the battle of Xiaoting, was a battle launched by Liu Bei, the monarch of Shu and Han Dynasties, against Wu Dong during the Three Kingdoms period, and it was also the last of the "three major battles" of the Three Kingdoms. July 22 1 year, that is, three months after Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor, he immediately avenged General Guan Yu, which threatened to invade the East. Sun Quan, the monarch of Soochow, immediately launched a battle with Lu Xun's army. Lu Xun stopped the attack of the Shu army as early as possible, and even defeated the Shu army in Yiling area in August 222.

The battle of Yiling was an important battle between Shu Han and Sun Wu for Jingzhou during the Three Kingdoms period. The fiasco of Shu Han led to the permanent loss of Jingzhou. This war was called the Battle of Yiling (now southeast of Yichang, Hubei). Because the final decisive battle was in Xiaoting (now Yidu North, Hubei Province), it was also called Xiaoting War. After Battle of Red Cliffs, Cao Cao's troops surrendered to the north, and Liu Bei was on a roll, occupying four counties in Jingnan (Changsha, Lingling, Guiyang and Wuling) and Zhou Yu, the commander-in-chief of Sun Wu. It took Cao Cao a year to capture the military towns of Jiangling (subordinate to Nanjun) and Yiling (the only land passage to Sichuan in the west). Later, Liu Bei borrowed Sun Quan's south county (governing Jiangling) and went to Shu to occupy Yizhou, leaving Guan Yu in five counties of Jingzhou (south county, Changsha, Lingling, Guiyang and Wuling). After Liu Bei occupied Shuchuan, Sun Quan held a grudge for Liu Bei's failure to return Jingzhou (mainly Nanjun) and sent Lu Meng to attack three counties in Jingnan (Changsha, Guiyang and Lingling). Liu Bei was busy fighting for it, but at this time, Cao Cao destroyed Zhang Lu in Hanzhong, and Sichuan was in danger. So Liu Bei resolutely made peace with Sun Quan, stipulating that Jiangxia, Changsha and eastern Guiyang belonged to Sun Wu, and Nanjun, Lingling and eastern Wuling belonged to him. At this time, Liu Bei has returned the borrowed Jingzhou (one county in the south) to Sun Quan in three counties (Jiangxia, Changsha and Guiyang), and there is no such thing as "borrowing Jingzhou" between the two sides. In the twenty-fourth year of Jian 'an (2 19), Liu Bei took Hanzhong, a strategic place, from Cao Cao. In the same year, Guan Yu led the army to the northern expedition of Cao Wei, surrounded Cao Cao's general Cao Ren in Fancheng, flooded the seven armies, escaped from the ban and beheaded Pound. Megatron China, Cao Cao wants to move the capital to avoid its front. Later, Cao Cao adopted the advice of counselors Sima Yi and Jiang Ji, and used the contradiction between Sun and Liu to persuade Sun Quan to attack Guan Yu's rear in Jingzhou, so as to alleviate the pressure of Guan Yu's going north. Although there is no saying that Sun and Liu "borrowed Jing", Jingzhou (mainly Nanjun) where Liu Bei is located is located in the upper reaches of Jianye, which directly threatens the security of Sun Quan's Jiangdong regime and is a strategic place for Shu and Wei to compete for the Central Plains. Only by occupying Nanjun can Wu Dong really consolidate. In October of the 24th year of Jian 'an (2 19), when Guan Yu and Cao Jun were fighting in Fancheng, Sun Quan sent general Lv Meng to attack Jiangling, the south county of Jingzhou. At that time, Jiangling Shoujiang was Mi Fang, Liu Bei's brother-in-law and Liu Chan's uncle. When Guan Yu made his northern expedition to Cao Wei, there was something wrong with his logistics. Guan Yu said, "It's not too late to cure" and he was very scared. Guan Yu can't go down to Fancheng quickly, and he can't go back to Jingzhou. He was caught between Scylla and Charybdis, and his foot soldiers scattered. In December, Guan Yu led the defeated troops back to Zhang Xiang (now northeast of Dangyang, Hubei Province), where he and his son Guan Ping were captured and killed by general Wu. Sun Quan occupied six counties in Jingzhou (Nanjun, Changsha, Lingling, Guiyang, Wuling and Jiangxia), and the alliance between Wu and Shu broke down.

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In October of the first year of Yankang (220), after Cao Pi abolished the Han Emperor, Wei State was established with Luoyang as its capital. Then Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor in Chengdu in April of the second year of Wei Huang (22 1) and changed his country name to the first year of Zhangwu. Liu Bei, who just proclaimed himself emperor, did not listen to the dissuasion of the Prime Minister Zhuge Liang and other ministers, and resolutely decided to attack Wu with all his strength and avenge Guan Yu. Sun Quan made positive preparations after several attempts to make peace were rejected. One is to make peace with Cao Wei, and at the same time strengthen the defense work in Jingzhou. In the unfavorable situation of the first battle, he resolutely sent young Lu Xun as the commander to resist the Shu army. Sun Quan's occupation of Jingzhou by Soochow destroyed Liu Bei's strategy of Longzhong's confrontation (Longzhong's confrontation says, "It is based on Han and Mian in the north, benefiting the South China Sea, connecting Wu Hui in the east and Bashu in the west. This is a martial arts country, but its owner can't keep it. This is almost a day as a general. Does the general care? Yizhou is a dangerous place, fertile land is thousands of miles away, and the land of abundance makes Gaozu emperor. Liu Zhang is weak, Zhang Lu is in the north, and the people.

Pictures related to the battle of Yiling (9 photos) Yin is as rich as an enemy, but he doesn't know how to keep his shirt. The general is the emperor's palace, loyal to the four seas, commanding heroes, thinking of the wise and thirsty. If there are advantages and benefits across it, rock resistance will be guaranteed, Sun Quan will be well established externally, and the world will be changed internally. Then the general was ordered to turn Jingzhou's army to ten thousand and Luo, and the general led Yizhou people out of Qinchuan, but the people did not dare. If that's the case, we can think of everything, and the Han Dynasty can flourish. "), so that Liu Bei does not have unified conditions. If Liu Bei wants to destroy Cao Wei or Sun Wu, according to Longzhong's statement, Jingzhou must be retaken, otherwise it can only be separated by Shu Dao. Liu Bei had to retake Jingzhou, whether for his imperial career or to avenge the country, but because he was too eager to retake Jingzhou, Liu Bei sent his troops in a hurry before Shu was ready.

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In July of 22 1 year, Liu Bei personally led more than 700,000 Shu and Han armies and waged a large-scale war against Wu. At that time, the border between the two countries had moved westward to Wushan, and the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River became the main channel between the two countries. Liubeipai

He also sent generals Wu Ban and Feng to lead more than 40,000 people as vanguard troops, seized the gorge, invaded the territory of Wu, smashed Wu Jun's Li Yi and Liu Abe, and occupied Liang Wudi's Zigui (now Badong, Hubei). In order to prevent Cao Wei from taking the opportunity to attack, Liu Bei sent Huang Quan, the general of Zhenbei, to the north bank of the Yangtze River, and sent Ma Liang, the deputy commander, to Wuling, in order to win over the local tribal leader Shamok and the Shu-Han army. Facing the strategic attack of the Shu army, Sun Quan stepped forward. General Zhenxi and right-back Lu Xun were appointed as viceroy, commanding Zhu Ran, Pan Zhang, Han Dang, Xu Sheng and other 50,000 people to go to the front to resist the Shu army. At the same time, send messengers to Cao Pi to make up for it and avoid fighting on two fronts. After Lu Xun took office, through careful analysis of the strength, morale and terrain conditions of both sides, he pointed out that Liu Beibing was strong, well defended, full of momentum and eager to win. Wu Jun should temporarily avoid the edge of the Shu army, wait for the opportunity to break the enemy, and patiently persuade Wu Jun generals to give up the requirement of an immediate decisive battle. Decisively implement the strategic retreat, and always retreat to a front line (now Yidu, Hubei Province) and Xiaoting (now Gubei, Yidu, Hubei Province). Then stop retreating and turn to defense to curb the continued invasion of Shu army. And concentrate our forces and prepare for the camera war. In this way, Wu Jun completely withdrew from the mountainous area, leaving hundreds of miles of mountains that were difficult to deploy to the Shu army. In the first month of AD 222, Wu Ban and Chen's water army entered Yiling area and stationed troops on both sides of the Yangtze River. In February, Liu Bei personally led the main force from Zigui to Xiaoting and established the base camp. At this time, the Shu army had penetrated 200-300 kilometers into the territory of Wu, and stopped the eastward movement because it began to be resisted by Wu Jun. Under the condition that Wu Jun held the important position, the Shu army had to set up dozens of camps in Wuxia, Jianping (now Wushan North, Sichuan) and Yiling for hundreds of miles. In order to mobilize Lu Xun, Zhang Nan, the former commander-in-chief of Liu Bei School, led his troops to besiege Sun Huan, who was stationed in the Post Road. Sun Huan is Sun Quan's nephew, so the generals in Wu Jun asked for troops to rescue him. However, Lu Xun knew that Sun Huan won the hearts of the people, and Yi Daocheng had plenty of food and grass. He resolutely refused to divide his troops to help Yi Dao, avoiding the behavior of dispersing troops and consuming troops prematurely. Battle of Yiling

From 1 month to June, the two armies were still at loggerheads. In order to fight Wu Jun quickly, Liu Bei frequently sent people to the front to insult the challenge, but Lu Xun ignored it. Later, Liu Bei sent Wu Ban to lead thousands of people to camp on the flat ground, and in addition, he ambushed 8,000 troops in the valley in an attempt to lure the enemy deeper and annihilate Wu Jun. But the plan still failed. Lu Xun's insistence on not fighting undermined Liu Bei's strategic intention of relying on superior forces to make a quick decision. The soldiers of the Shu army gradually lost their fighting spirit and their dominant position. Jiangnan in June is in the heat season, and the heat is pressing, and the soldiers of the Shu army are miserable. Liu Bei was helpless, so he had to transfer the navy ship to land, set up a military camp in the deep mountain forest, rely on the stream, station troops to rest, and prepare to wait until autumn to attack. Because the Shu army is located on the rugged mountain road of 200-300 kilometers in Wu, far from the rear, it is difficult to provide logistical support. In addition, Liu Bei's battalion is within a hundred miles and his troops are scattered, which provides an opportunity for Lu Xun to carry out strategic counterattack. Seeing that the morale of the Shu army was low, Lu Xun gave up the operational policy of advancing by land and attacking Wu Jun, and thought that the time was ripe for a strategic counterattack. To this end, he wrote to Sun Quan, the king of Wu, saying: At the beginning of the war, he was worried that the Shu army would go hand in hand with the land and rivers. Now the Shu army has abandoned the ship and camped everywhere. Judging from its deployment, there will be no change. In this way, there is a chance to defeat the Shu army without difficulty. Sun Quan immediately approved Lu Xun's battle plan from defense to counterattack. Battle of Yiling

[1] On the eve of a large-scale counter-offensive, Lu Xun first sent small troops to conduct a tentative attack. Although the attack failed, it enabled Lu Xun to find a way to defeat the enemy-the method of burning the Shu army company. Because Jiangnan was in midsummer and the climate was sultry at that time, the camps of the Shu army were all built with wooden fences, surrounded by Woods and thatch. In the event of a fire, it will burn to pieces. After the decisive battle began, Lu Xun ordered Wu Jun foot soldiers to raid the Shu army camp at night and set fire to the wind. During the dinner, the fire was fierce and the Shu army was in chaos. Lu Xun took the opportunity to launch a counterattack and forced the Shu army to retreat to the west. Wu Zhuran led a large army of 5,000 men to break through the front of the Shu army, stabbed the rear of the Shu army, and surrounded the Shu army in Zhuoxiang (now west of Yichang, Hubei) with the Korean party, cutting off the retreat of the Shu army. Pan Zhang and his men stormed Feng's Shu army and broke it. In Xiaoting, Zhu Gejin, Luo Tong and Zhou Yin cooperated with Lu Xun's main force to attack the Shu army. Defending Yi Dao, Sun Huan also took the initiative to fight. Wu Jun went well, and soon broke through more than forty camps of the Shu army, cutting off the connection between the water army and both sides of the Yangtze River. General Shu, Feng and Sha were killed, and the commanders Lu and Liu Ning surrendered. Seeing the whole line collapse, Liu Bei fled to Ma 'anshan, northwest of Yiling, and ordered the Shu army to defend itself around the mountain. Lu Xun concentrated his forces and was besieged on all sides, annihilating tens of thousands of Shu soldiers. At this time, the Shu army was in flight, most of the casualties fled, and military supplies such as cars and boats were lost. Liu Bei fled overnight and arrived at Shimen Mountain (now northeast of Badong, Hubei). He was chased by general Wu, almost captured, and the defender Fu Tong was killed. Later, relying on the postmen to burn the equipment abandoned by the defeated soldiers and block the mountain road, they were able to get rid of the pursuers and escape into Yong 'an City (also known as Bai Di City, now Fengjie East, Sichuan). At this time, Huang Quan, the general of the Northern Town of Shu Army, was leading his troops to defend Wei Jun in Jiangbei. After Liu Bei's defeat, Huang Quan's way home was cut off by Wu Jun, and he had to lead the people to surrender to Cao Wei in August. After Liu Bei fled to Baidi City, generals Pan Zhang, Xu Sheng and others all advocated the pursuit of 56-point victory to expand the results. Lu Xun was worried that Cao Wei would take the opportunity to fish in troubled waters and attack the rear, so he stopped chasing and took the initiative to retreat. In September, Cao Wei really attacked Wu, but because Lu Xun was ready, Wei Jun finally failed. In April of the following year, Liu Bei was ashamed of Yiling's fiasco. He became ill and died in Baidicheng. The battle of Yiling ended like this.

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The battle of Yiling was Liu Bei's last battle, and it was also the most thoroughly lost battle. In the battle of Yiling, the strength of the two sides was about 40,000 for Liu Beijun and 50,000 for Lu Xunjun, and Lu Xunjun had the upper hand. However, Lu Xun led his troops as a civilian, and his generals had low credibility and poor cooperation. If the decisive battle, Liu Beike said that the odds were even greater, so Lu Xun persisted and even refused to reinforce the friendly troops surrounded by Liu Beijun, which was in danger of being wiped out by the whole army. Liu Bei's military strength is limited, so it is impossible to take the initiative to attack a generation of talented Lu Boyan to deal with an enemy with superior military strength and favorable geographical position.

Strike, if the stalemate continues indefinitely, is also very unfavorable to our inferior forces. The only way is to lure Lu Xun to take the initiative to fight, and defeat Lu Xun's main force in the decisive battle, drive the Soochow forces out of Jingzhou completely, and force Sun Quan to make peace. During the Three Kingdoms period, there were three similar situations, all of which happened on Liu Bei's side. Liu Bei entered Sichuan for the first time, and Zhang Ren stuck to it in Los Angeles. Pang Tong lured Zhang Ren into battle, and finally captured Zhang Ren alive to conquer Los Angeles, while Pang Tong, as bait, was unlucky and died in battle, which was not worth the loss. The second time was the battle of Yiling, and as a result, Liu Bei lost all his money; The third time was Zhuge Liang's last Northern Expedition, but no matter how Zhuge Liang lured him, Sima Yi just couldn't go, and finally Zhuge Liang died in the army. In order to lure Lu Xun into the war, Liu Bei used some tricks at first, and sent Wu Ban to challenge with thousands of people and ambush with 8,000 elite soldiers. As a result, Lu Xun was unmoved. As a last resort, Liu Bei adopted extremely bold tactics, set up more than 40 military camps, dispersed his troops and laid a long snake array. If Lu Xun attacks any battalion, he will use the mobility of his own army to quickly concentrate his forces and fight a decisive battle with them. At that time, Lu Xun was not famous in Wu Dong, and Liu Bei believed that he could defeat the loosely commanded Wu Dong army on the battlefield. However, Lu Xun was a military genius who surprised the whole world. He soon discovered Liu Bei's intention and made corresponding countermeasures. First of all, Lu Xun sent some troops to attack Liu Bei's barracks, and as a result, Liu Beijun, who assembled quickly, was defeated. General Wu Dong thought that Lu Xun was wasting his troops, but with this tentative attack, Lu Xun found Liu Bei's life gate, that is, the seven inches of a long snake. Liu Bei's army will be assembled, and Liu Bei himself will certainly mobilize the command. Lu Xun can easily find out where the barracks that issued those provocative orders are, which is Liu Bei's main business. Lu Xun quickly mobilized the whole army, concentrated on attacking Liu Bei's main business and attacked with fire. If Liu Bei is facing a famous star like Zhou Su, when his main business is attacked, he will certainly get away with it as Cao Cao did in Chibi to avoid greater losses, but he never imagined that his deployment would be seen through by an unknown junior like Lu Xun. He prefers to believe that this was a blind collision by Lu Xun, and he still assembled the whole army as planned to prepare for a decisive battle. Lu Xun certainly won't let Liu Bei gather his troops and attack Liu Bei's main business with all his strength, and attack other military camps at the same time (he has enough troops). Liu Bei finally couldn't hold on, and gave up the plan of assembling troops in situ, and the whole army was wiped out. General Feng Hesha was killed. At this time, Liu Bei was not willing to admit that he had lost to the epigenetic Lu Xun, and wanted to regroup the defeated troops in Maanshan and fight with Lu Xun again. However, the Dongwu army led by Lu Xun did not give Liu Bei any chance to breathe, and soon caught up. The two armies fought in Maanshan. Liu Beijun's morale was low, and he lost most of his ordnance when he retreated, so his troops were at a disadvantage. Finally, the whole army was wiped out. Liu Beijun escaped from the front line by night, and Liu Beijun was completely annihilated, killing more than 10,000 people. Liu Bei suffered numerous defeats in his life, but few were wiped out by the whole army. However, the battle of Yiling was completely defeated for only one reason, underestimating the enemy. If he didn't despise Lu Xun, he wouldn't have used a very risky company plan, wouldn't have insisted on fighting when Lu Xun attacked his fatal shortcomings, wouldn't have tried to turn defeat into victory, and finally lost his reputation.

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Battle of Yiling

[2] In order to retake Jingzhou and avenge Guan Yu, Liu Bei decided to attack Wu Dong in the first year of Zhangwu (22 1), regardless of the opposition of his ministers. In July, Liu Bei led the army eastward, and the former army of 40,000 men won the first battle in Wuxian (now Wushan North, Sichuan Province), and then occupied Zigui. In the first month of the following year, the Shu water army entered Yiling and occupied both sides of the Yangtze River. Sun Quan appointed Lu Xun as the viceroy, with 50,000 troops. In February, Liu Bei led his troops from Zigui and camped for hundreds of miles. The vanguard troops were stationed in Yidu (now Yidu, Hubei Province) and Xiaoting. Based on favorable terrain, Lu Xun insisted that the sooner the better, adopted a defensive policy and did not fight the Shu army. The two armies of Wu and Shu confronted each other in Yiling for several months. In the midsummer of June, Liu Bei decided to move into the dense forest and camp, ready to fight again after autumn. When Lu Xun saw that the camps of the Shu army were all in the dense forest, he launched a fire attack, and the fire swept through the Shu camp. Lu Xun led an army to attack on all fronts, even breaking more than 40 battalions of the Shu army and beheading generals such as Feng and Sha. Shu generals Dulu and Liu Ning surrendered one after another. The Shu army lost all its ships and water resources, and its remains went down the river. Liu Bei fled to nearby Ma 'anshan (now northwest of Yichang, Hubei Province), ready to assemble the remnants, and was surrounded by Wu Jun. Battle of Yiling

[3] The Shu army finally collapsed, killing and injuring tens of thousands. Liu Bei led the defeated troops to flee to Baidicheng overnight (now Fengjie East, Sichuan), and soon died of grief. The Shu army has about 700,000 troops (the official Yizhou population is less than one million, and the attackers are at least about 6.5438+10,000), while Sun gave Lu Xun only tens of thousands of troops. Logistically, the Shu army sent Zhao Yun to supervise the grain and grass, so it did not fail because of the grain and grass. Liu Bei failed because he didn't have the right time, right place and three taboos: the right time, right place and harmonious people. He chose the hot summer to attack Wu, which was nothing to defend the country, while Shu, as an attacking country, marched in the scorching sun every day, making the soldiers' periods and bodies slowly weak. If it's just the weather, the Shu army can still rely on the number of troops to win. However, the loss of geographical location created a good opportunity for Lu Xun to sneak attack. The Shu army was stationed in the dense forest, although it was close to the river, but there was no way to fight against Wu Jun's attack. The most fatal thing is that Liu Bei didn't listen to Zhuge Liang's advice before going out to war, and then arranged for Zhao Yun, who was both wise and brave, to repeat the same mistakes. Finally, Ma Liang advised him not to station troops in the jungle and not listen, which created a good opportunity for Lu Xun's attack. So Liu Bei's failure is inevitable. In the battle of Yiling, Lu Xun was good at correctly analyzing the enemy's situation, boldly withdrawing troops to lure the enemy, concentrating his forces, attacking from the rear, and skillfully attacking it with fire. In the end, Wu Jun, who was at a disadvantage of 50,000, defeated the Shu army in one fell swoop with superior forces, creating a successful example of changing from defending to attacking, which reflected superb command art and military talent, indicating that he was worthy of being an outstanding military commander. As for Liu Bei's failure, it was no accident. He "urges teachers with anger", relies on strong aggression, and commits the taboo of military strategists. In the specific operational guidance, he did not observe the geographical position, and took the troops into the rugged mountain road of 200 to 300 kilometers, which was difficult to expand. At the same time, in the face of Wu Jun's stubborn resistance, he didn't know how to change the operational deployment in time, but adopted a wrong camping method that didn't focus on everything, and finally fell into a passive position, leading to a fiasco and suffering the consequences of "destroying the army and killing the generals", which made people deeply touched. The battle of Yiling also had a great influence on the tripartite confrontation of the three countries. For Shu Han, it greatly damaged the national strength and basically destroyed the grand strategic blueprint formulated by Zhuge Liang when he took countermeasures in the middle of the year. For Wu Dong, although he won the war, it further undermined the relationship between Wu and Shu. From a strategic point of view, there are also some mistakes.

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Before the war, the Shu army did not lag behind Wei in terms of strength, strength and material resources. Moreover, at this time, we can attack Wei in the name of "restoring the Han Dynasty" and strike first. After the defeat of the Shu army, the national strength of the whole country declined rapidly, and Liu Chan, known as "A Dou who can't afford to help", became the monarch, laying a deep curse for the later Shu state. The battle of Yiling was Liu Bei's last battle, with nearly 65,438+10,000 troops, but was defeated by Lu Xun in Wu Dong. It should be said that this is the first time to truly establish the tripartite confrontation between the three countries: Wu occupied Jingzhou, defended Xichuan, and the weakening of the alliance between Shu and Wu also eased the military pressure of Wei, which was in a period of recuperation (Cao Pi died and Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor), and basically determined the territory of the three countries in the coming decades. Shu Han completely lost its military fortress Jingzhou (Hanzhong and Jingzhou are two strategic bases of Shu Han, from which they can go north to Tongguan and attack Luoyang; From Jingzhou to the north, Xuchang can be attacked by Xiangyang, and from Jingzhou to the east, the hinterland of Wu can be attacked, which makes it in a favorable position to attack and retreat Wei and Wu. Most of the participating troops died or surrendered, and many generals and counselors died and surrendered, which further weakened the Shu-Wu alliance and indirectly caused the situation that Zhuge Liang and Wei struggled for decades but never came back. "Before they could conquer, they were already dead." The great defeat in Yiling War has a lot to do with Liu Bei's tactical mistakes, which is the biggest strategic mistake in his life. How did "furious" Xiao Xiongbei make such a huge strategic mistake? Moreover, regardless of the opposition of their most trusted old ministers such as Zhuge Liang and Zhao Yun, they launched the Yiling War. In the battle of Yiling, Lu Xun was good at correctly analyzing the enemy's situation, boldly withdrawing troops to lure the enemy, concentrating his forces, attacking from the rear, and skillfully attacking it with fire. In the end, Wu Jun, who was at a disadvantage of 50,000, defeated the Shu army in one fell swoop with superior forces, creating a successful example of changing from defending to attacking, which reflected superb command art and military talent, indicating that he was worthy of being an outstanding military commander. As for Liu Bei's failure, it was no accident. He "urges teachers with anger", relies on strong aggression, and commits the taboo of military strategists. In the specific operational guidance, he did not observe the geographical position, and took the troops into the rugged mountain road of 200 to 300 kilometers, which was difficult to expand. At the same time, in the face of Wu Jun's stubborn resistance, he didn't know how to change the operational deployment in time, but adopted a wrong camping method that didn't focus on everything, and finally fell into a passive position, leading to a fiasco and suffering the consequences of "destroying the army and killing the generals", which made people deeply touched. The battle of Yiling also had a great influence on the tripartite confrontation of the three countries. For Shu Han, it greatly damaged the national strength and basically destroyed the grand strategic blueprint formulated by Zhuge Liang when he took countermeasures in the middle of the year. For Wu Dong, although he won the war, it further undermined the relationship between Wu and Shu. Strategically, it also broke the possibility of Sun and Liu Lianhe resisting Cao, laying the groundwork for the subsequent downfall of Wu and Shu.

Edit this paragraph of the Three Kingdoms.

Talking about the Three Kingdoms: After the establishment of the Three-legged Yiling War in Battle of Red Cliffs, Cao Cao returned to the north and led his army to Guanzhong and Liangzhou. The alliance between Liu Bei and Sun Quan continued to play a role, but the dispute over the ownership of Jingzhou among the three parties did not end. Especially after Liu Bei seized Xichuan and Hanzhong (county name, now Shaanxi Han Middle East) by force, it has formed a huge force across the two States (Yizhou and Jingzhou), posing a great threat to Sun Quan in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. At the same time, Guan Yu, the commander-in-chief of Jingzhou appointed by Liu Bei, insulted Sun Quan, angered Sun Quan and vowed to recapture Jingzhou. In the 24th year of Jian 'an (2 19), Guan Yu launched the battle of Xiangfan. Sun Quan seized the favorable opportunity to reach a short-term military alliance with Cao Cao, thinking that he was a general and quickly completed the occupation of Jingzhou Liu-controlled area. When the alliance between Sun and Liu broke down, Liu Bei began to prepare for the crusade, but because the handover work was not completed, there was no transfer of troops. In the second year of Cao Wei and Huang Chu (22 1, the first year of Zhangwu in Shu Han Dynasty), Liu Bei hastily ordered a crusade against Zhao Yun and Fu Qin. In terms of deployment, Liu Bei took Baidicheng (Dongbaidi Mountain in fengjie county, Sichuan) as the array and Jiangzhou (the north bank of Jialing River in Chongqing) as the backup base (headed by Zhao Yun) to advance along the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River. There are about forty or fifty thousand people in the former army. Liu Bei appointed Feng as the inspector general, responsible for all the work of the former army. And thought that the pioneer, auxiliary Kuang, Liao Chun, Fu Tong and other generals were other overseers and accepted Feng Fei's containment; At the same time, Huang Quan overseers Jiangbei Army were ordered to guard against Cao Wei, and overseers Wu Ban and Chen Shi stationed in the east. Liu Bei personally led Zhong Jun to meet them. Judging from the strategic deployment, Liu Bei obviously made many low-level mistakes. First of all, it is unwise to advance step by step along the Three Gorges, because it means that our superior forces cannot be concentrated, but scattered like long snakes, which makes it easy for the enemy to break through in the middle. Secondly, the appointed generals (especially the front overseers and pioneers) mostly belong to the unknown generation, which not only can not play a deterrent role, but will strengthen the enemy's fighting spirit; Third, the two war zones in Jiangnan and Jiangbei are separated and lack of support. Once a war zone loses, it will be difficult for another war zone to fight alone or even return to the army. Fourth, without a favorable diplomatic environment, Cao Wei could attack at any time, so not only Ma Chao and Wei Yan could not be transferred from the northern defense line, but they must also divide their forces to defend Wei. Liu Bei constantly sent people to find Wu Jun's main battle, but Lu Xun ignored it and remained firm. Liu Bei was helpless, and the weather was sultry. He ordered the army to camp from Wuxia to Yiling, with more than 50 battalions and 450 miles. Liu Bei's original intention was to stick to the high ground he had gained through his company battalion, so as to better cope with the tactics that Lu Xun insisted on. It's a wonderful idea, but it's too underestimating for him to take the risk, which is a big taboo for military strategists. At this point, Lu Xun had been waiting for an opportunity to launch a comprehensive counterattack. The third stage (from June to August in the 222 lunar calendar): due to the long front line and the protection along the way, the front line of the Shu-Han army was less than 40 thousand, and Liu Bei's camp was more dispersed hundreds of miles away. Leap in June, Lu Xun launched the first fire attack in Wu Jun, wiped out the army of Shu and Han with intensive forces, and killed Zhang Nan, the pioneer of Han army. Subsequently, Zhu Ran, Han Dang and other generals cooperated with Wu Jun of Sun Huan to defend Yi Dao and attacked the Han army on both sides. McMann cut off the retreat of the Han army first, and Liu Bei hurriedly fled for his life. As a result, Pan Zhang was beaten for a while in Zhuoxiang (west of Yiling) and suffered heavy losses. This is the famous war of annihilation in Cheuk Cheung. After this battle, Liu Bei has completely lost his fighting spirit. He led the remnants to the grave in Jiangbei, holed up in Maanshan (northwest of Yichang, Hubei), and tried to resist Wu Jun's counterattack. However, Wu Jun's heroic charge made the Han army fall apart in an instant, and Liu Bei had to retreat to Zigui, ready to clean up the mess. However, Lu Xun didn't give Liu Bei any chance to pursue with 56 points. The main force was directed at Zigui, while Sun Huan's department in Wujun was inserted into Kuidao (on the south bank of Wu Kui corner of the Three Gorges), which cut off the retreat of the Han army. After hearing the news, Liu Bei immediately abandoned the army and fled, as he often did in the first half of his life. The Han army was wiped out and the trench was lost countless times. Wu Jun continued their stormy offensive and sent Liu Bei to the door of Bai Di. At this time, Zhao Yunling led the troops into Baidicheng, and Lu Xun was also worried that Cao Wei would go south and ordered to retreat, thus ending the battle of Yiling. The battle of Yiling finally solved the problem of Jingzhou's ownership. Wu occupied Jingzhou and defended Xichuan, and the two countries formed a balance of power. At the same time, the alliance between the two countries maintained a relative balance of power with Cao Wei, a big country. Therefore, Cao Wei has been on the defensive for decades and dare not rashly advance border affairs. After the war, the territories of the three parties remained basically unchanged. So it can be said that the battle of Yiling finally laid the foundation for the three or three games since Battle of Red Cliffs.