What are the historical events and times of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms? Can you explain it in detail

The five dynasties were Liang, Tang, Jin, Han and Friday in turn, which were called "Later Tang, Later Jin, Later Han and Later Zhou" in history. In 907, Zhu Wen usurped the Tang Dynasty and established Hou Liang, which was the beginning of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. In 923 AD, Li, the son of Li Keyong, the king of Jin who occupied Taiyuan, destroyed the back beams and established the later Tang Dynasty. The five emperors after the late Tang Dynasty were all descendants and subordinates of Li Keyong. After expansion and rectification, Mingzong in the later Tang Dynasty became strong in national strength. However, after the civil strife, Shi Jingtang led the Khitan army to attack and destroy, and the latter was established. Soon the relationship between Qi and Jin deteriorated, and the Qidan army went south to destroy the latter Jin and establish the Liao Dynasty. At the same time, Liu Zhiyuan established the later Han Dynasty in Taiyuan and recovered the Central Plains. After Guo Wei usurped the post-Han Dynasty and established the post-Zhou Dynasty, Zhou Shizong and Chai Rong painstakingly managed it, which made the hope of unifying the whole country in the post-Zhou Dynasty dim, but Chai Rong died unfortunately when he was in the northern expedition to sixteen states. The following Zhou Dynasty was usurped by Zhao Kuangyin, which established the Northern Song Dynasty and ended the Five Dynasties. In terms of ten countries, Wu was the strongest in the early days of Jiangnan, and then Li Jue usurped the throne and established the Southern Tang Dynasty, followed by Wu Yueguo and Min Guo. Huguang was occupied by Jingnan, Nanchu and Nanhan. Southern Tang Dynasty had the strongest national power, and Fujian and Chu were attacked and destroyed one after another. However, because of the repeated use of troops, the national strength declined and was finally defeated by the following week. There are pre-Shu and post-Shu in Shu, and the country is rich and strong, second only to the Southern Tang Dynasty. However, it indulged in happiness and eventually died in the Central Plains. Northern Han Dynasty is the only one of the ten northern countries founded by Liu Chong, the younger brother of Liu Zhiyuan, the emperor of the later Han Dynasty. After the establishment of the Song Dynasty (known as the Northern Song Dynasty in history), Zhao Kuangyin and his brother Song Taizong successively swept the pack, and finally conquered the Northern Han Dynasty in 979 AD, basically unifying the whole country and ending the situation of ten countries standing in the balance.

The demise of the Tang dynasty

After the Anshi Rebellion, the Tang Dynasty turned from prosperity to decline, and the provinces took the opportunity to become bigger and stronger. In the Tang Dynasty after the Huang Chao Rebellion, there was a situation of "seeing thousands of miles, but not fireworks". Chaos spread to the south of Huaihe River, and local heroes turned against the enemy and established Wu and Chu in ten countries. It was not until Tang Zhaozong's efforts in Zhu Quanzhong that the rebellion in Qin Zongquan was put down. ?

Li Keyong and Li influenced the politics in the late Tang Dynasty and the early Five Dynasties. The descendants and subordinates of Li Keyong became the monarchs in the later Tang Dynasty, the later Jin Dynasty, the later Han Dynasty and the later Zhou Dynasty respectively. Zhu Quanzhong and Li Keyong had a dispute for some reason, and the two sides fought from the imperial court to the buffer region. Use the power of North Korea to suppress Li Keyong, and use the competition between Li Keyong and Li and others to subdue all the buffer regions in Hebei, annex and self-clean the army and other territories of our time. Territorial expansion makes Zhu Quanzhong far more powerful than Li Keyong. Guanzhong Fengxiang Li threatened, but failed because of the interference of Li Keyong and. After he ascended the throne in 888 AD, Prime Minister Cui Yin and eunuch Han fought for power and profit. Imprisoned by eunuch Han, Cui Yin was summoned to join the aid. While Han forced Li to take refuge, he led an army to besiege Fengxiang. In the second year, Fengxiang army ran out of food and grass, so Li had to kill eunuch Han and others to make peace. Zhu Quanzhong took the opportunity to control the power of North Korea, slaughtered hundreds of eunuchs and sent troops to control Chang 'an. Cui Yin regretted it, deliberately got rid of the threat of Zhu Quanzhong, secretly recruited 12 guards from the Sixth Army, and was caught by Zhu Quanzhong's eyeliner in Chang 'an. In 904, Zhu Quanzhong killed Cui Yin and forced Tang Zhaozong to move to Luoyang. In August of the same year, he killed Tang Zhaozong and made Li Zhu, the son of Zhao Zong, emperor, namely Tang Aidi. Zhu Quanzhong wanted to wait until reunification before taking the throne, but in 907, he forced Tang Aidi to abdicate and killed him quickly. The Tang Dynasty perished and the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period began. Later, it was renamed as (Zhu Wen), with the title of Liang, who was called Shi. He was the ancestor of Hou Liang and eventually made Bianzhou its capital.

Jinliang's confrontation

Although the Five Dynasties controlled the Central Plains and Guanzhong area (except that the Later Liang Dynasty did not control Guanzhong), it did not become the recognized * * * Lord of all the buffer regions like the Tang Dynasty, and its main sphere of influence was not in North China. Can only say that it is a buffer region hospital. ? After the demise of the Tang Dynasty, some local governments still used the country name of the early Tang Dynasty, separating one side, some serving as the fifth generation, some defending their own territory or claiming the title of emperor for the world. No matter what their diplomatic strategy is, these buffer regions are independent, and the ten representative regimes that exist at the same time or one after another are called ten countries by the History of the New Five Dynasties and later historians. Semi-independent regimes subordinate to the Central Plains include Yiwu Our Mission, Beiping Branch, Chengde Our Mission, Rong, Lulong Our Mission and Liu Rengong (his son Liu Shouguang 91/proclaimed himself emperor). There are Fengxiang Our Mission, Qi State in Li Jianli, Hedong Our Mission and Jin State established by Li Keyong. In terms of Shu, Nishikawa's envoy and Wang Jian, the king of Shu, established the former Shu; In Huguang area, Gao Jixing, the Jingnan army that occupied Jiangling in the late Tang Dynasty, became independent, Wu 'an army in Hunan, and Liu, the Qing army in Guangdong and Guangxi (Lingnan), established Nanhan; In the south of the Yangtze River, Yang Xingmi, a Huainan army occupying Huai and Wu regions, established the State of Wu, Qian Liu, Zhejiang Province, and Wang Jianli, Fujian Province, established the State of Min. Besides, what is called a composer in the history of Vietnam is the beginning of Vietnam's separation from China and the independence of Khú c Thad, a static navy. The Dingnan Army of the Tangut is also independent in the Zhou Xia area of northern Shaanxi. Guiyijun, located in Guazhou, Hexi Corridor, once established Jinshan Kingdom. At this time, Jin, Qi and Wu were still titled as the Tang Dynasty, while the former Shu proclaimed himself emperor, and none of them recognized the back beam, and all other regimes surrendered to the back beam.

In view of the disadvantages of the late Tang Dynasty, Hou Liang Taizu carried out many powerful reforms. He hated eunuchs, and refused to return to Beijing for the sake of eunuchs who had taken refuge in the south. I hated the senior officials of the Tang Dynasty, and used frustrated literati such as Li Zhen and Jingxiang to listen to Li Zhen's advice and slaughtered 30 senior officials such as Pei Shu and Prime Minister Cui Yuan, which is known as the disaster of the White Horse. These frustrated literati are the representatives of five generations of politicians, who value reality over fame. Economically, attach importance to agricultural development and strive to reduce taxes; Strict with the army. When a general dies, all his soldiers are beheaded, which is called "the beheading of the postscript team". However, in his later years, Emperor Taizu of the Later Liang Dynasty was dissolute and even ignored the ethical code, and often called the wives of scholars from all walks of life into the palace to accompany him. In terms of diplomacy, at the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, almost all countries and buffer regions expressed their submission. Only Jin, Qi, and Wu were enemies and were still named as the Tang Dynasty. Among them, Li Keyong of the State of Jin was the sworn enemy of Hou Liang's Mao. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, Hou Liang Taizu has been exploring the State of Jin in the north, and has been deadlocked with Li Keyong in Luzhou (Changzhi, Shanxi), which is known as the Battle of Luzhou in history. After Li Keyong's death, his son Li won with the help of Li and Zhang. After 9 10 AD, Liang Taizu suspected that Cheng Dejun was closely related to Jin Mi, and led an army to March, forcing Cheng Dejun and Yiwu Wang Dajun to pounce on Li. Li led the army to defeat the White Elephant (Hebei White Elephant) and was successfully rescued as a German army, but it was greatly weakened, which was called the Battle of the White Elephant in history. Liu Shouguang, a northern hero, is cruel and a strong enemy of Jin. In 909 AD, he was named the Prince of Yan by the Later Liang Dynasty, and established the State of Yan. In 965438, he became emperor, known as Yan Jie in history. The following year, Li sent Zhou Dewei to crusade against Liu Shouguang, and Zhu Wen personally led the army to rescue him, but was defeated by 8 Jin Army. Liu Shouguang was finally conquered by Li in the second year.

Zhu Wen was critically ill after his defeat in Luoyang. His second son Zhu was dissatisfied with Zhu Wen's intention to establish his adopted son Zhu Youwen as a prince, and took the opportunity to assassinate Zhu Wen to succeed him. However, Zhu was dissolute and unpopular. In 9 13 AD, his brother Zhu Youzhen and Tian Xiongjun (namely Wei Bojun) Yang jointly invaded and seized the throne, which was known as the Emperor of the Back Beam in history. After Yang's death, Tianxiong Army and other towns in Hebei successively joined the State of Jin. In addition, in 9 16 AD, Liang Jun was defeated by the Jin Army in the battle of Weizhou, and the northern part of Hou Liang could only be barely maintained south of the Yellow River. In 9 18 AD, Li led a great army to the south, and was at loggerheads with him. A crushing defeat, but Jin killed Zhou Dewei, and the Liang-Jin war was silent for some time. In 92 1 a.d., Zhang killed my ambassador to Germany and Zhao Wang, took control of the German army, united with the Khitan State and fought against the Jin State. However, Li led the army to defeat the joint forces of Liang and Zhao and won three towns in Hebei. In 923 AD, Li proclaimed himself emperor in Weizhou (namely, the post-Tang Zhuang Sect), and called for the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC) by recovering the Tang Dynasty, known as the post-Tang Dynasty in history, and soon went south for the second time. Liang Daiwang contained Yunzhou (Dongping, Henan Province) and successfully contained Tang Jun near Dong 'e, Henan Province. The two sides confronted each other for a long time, and Tang Jun was short of rations, showing signs of imminent retreat. But, Zhao Yan, and others slandered Wang, so that he was replaced. Later, Tang led an army to invade the empty Bianzhou through Yunzhou. On the day when the city was broken, Emperor Hou Liang had no choice but to order Huang Fulin to kill him, and Hou Liang died.

The rise and fall of late Tang dynasty

After Tang Zhuang destroyed the back beam, Luoyang was its capital. At this time, the three towns in Hebei have been decided, and the national strength of the later Tang Dynasty is strong. Li, Qi, surrendered to the later Tang Dynasty, which named him King of Qin. After Li's death in 924, Li Jiji, the eldest son of Tang Zhuangzong, became Fengxiang's envoy and formally annexed Qi. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Wang Jian of the former Shu attached importance to agriculture, mulberry and water conservancy, which made the former Shu very powerful economically and militarily. However, after Wang Jian died in 9 18, his son Wang Yan was extravagant and cruel. After 925, Guo Chongtao and Wang led his troops into Chengdu, Wang Yan surrendered, and the former Shu perished.

? The later Tang Dynasty was powerful externally, but it was full of internal worries. After Emperor Tangzhuang made Luoyang his capital, he recruited eunuchs to hold important positions and appointed Li Xiji and other conservatives. Everything is the same as at the end of the Tang dynasty, and the government affairs of the court are increasingly corrupt. After the Tang Dynasty, Zhuang Zong thought that he had a solid foundation, did not engage in political affairs, and indulged in excesses. He took his own stage name "Li Tianxia" and favored actors such as Jing Xin Mo and Jin Jing. At that time, the army was huge and the treasury was tight. However, his wife, Empress Liu, intervened in the political affairs and was greedy for money, returning half of the taxes to the harem, which caused the court to temporarily detain rations to make up for other expenses, causing great concern. Soon, Tang Jun was called up and somehow defected.

Although Guo Chongtao completed the task of destroying Shu, he was dissatisfied that he could not participate in military affairs. He tipped off the court with the intention of framing Guo Chongtao. After the Tang Dynasty, Zhuang Zong planned to make a decision after investigation, but Queen Liu ordered Li Jiji to carry it out. Guo Chongtao was killed in 926 AD, and Tang Jun's army was distracted and mutinied everywhere. Queen Liu didn't want to work with her belongings, which made the situation worse. Soon, Wei Bojun rebelled in Weizhou (a famous name in Hebei) under the leadership of Zhao, and the Tang Dynasty failed to pacify Li. Later, Tang had to send Li Si away to appease him. Li Siyuan got the support of the Ministry and Weizhou rebels, but led the army to the Tang Dynasty after the Southern Expedition. Tang Jun didn't want to fight for the post-Tangzhuang Sect, Bianzhou and Luoyang were trapped one after another, and the post-Tangzhuang Sect perished in the civil strife. After Li Siyuan captured Luoyang, he killed all the traitors and proclaimed himself emperor, that is, Zoroastrianism in the later Tang Dynasty, and Li, the eldest son of the later Tang Dynasty, committed suicide in Chang 'an.

Under the rule of Ming Sect in the late Tang Dynasty, the bad politics of Zhuang Sect in the late Tang Dynasty was eliminated, and the politics of the dynasty gradually stabilized. He eliminated eunuchs and appointed scholars; Cancel many redundant institutions and establish financial institutions such as three divisions; Advocate thrift, build water conservancy projects and care about the sufferings of the people; Strengthen the central military power, establish guards and pro-troops, and suppress the buffer regions. This is one of the rare stable periods in the Five Dynasties. Historians say that Mingzong in the late Tang Dynasty was the monarch after Zhou Shizong in the Five Dynasties, and some of his systems were also inherited by the Song Dynasty. However, in his later years, the Tang Dynasty fell into civil strife again. After 933 AD, Emperor Taizong was seriously ill, his son Li Congrong was killed, and his youngest son Li Conghou succeeded to the throne, that is, the post-Tang Ming Emperor. At this time, the adopted son Li Congke and son-in-law Shi Jingtang of two generals in the late Tang and Ming Dynasties were all armed to the teeth. Prime Minister Zhu Xi, Zhu Xi and Zhu Xi want to divide the world with our soldiers and provoke rebellion. In 934, Li Congke invaded Luoyang on the grounds of Jun Qing. In the later Tang Dynasty, Ming Di was captured by Shi Jingtang on his way to Weizhou and finally killed by Li Congke. Li Congke proclaimed himself emperor of the later Tang Dynasty. During the civil strife, post-Shu independence took place. It turns out that after the destruction of the former Shu, the later Tang Dynasty took Meng Zhixiang as our time to give up. Soon after, Emperor Mingzong of the Tang Dynasty defected and seized the throne, and Meng Zhixiang received independent training. In 932, after the annexation of Dongchuan Army, Meng Zhixiang was made King of Shu by the late Tang Ming Emperor, and he was proclaimed emperor and founded the country when the late Tang Emperor launched civil strife, which was called Houshu in history. In the same year, Meng Zhixiang died and his son Meng Chang succeeded him. Meng Changjun, who was lucky enough to be a favorite concubine and trusted a mediocre generation, was accused of dying quickly, but wanted to communicate with the Northern Han Dynasty and started a war from then on. Although he wants to live, he can get a peaceful situation that has saved Houshu for 30 years.

The emperor and Shi Jingtang were at odds as early as the late Tang and Ming Dynasties. After the Emperor of the Later Tang Dynasty succeeded to the throne, he was very suspicious of Shi Jingtang, and Shi Jingtang was also afraid that he was a traitor. After 936 AD, Tang Gaozong transferred Shi Jingtang to Tian Pingjun, and ordered Zhang Jingda and Yang Guangyuan to lead the army to urge him to levy. Shi Jingtang listened to the advice of three-dimensional Han and Liu Zhiyuan, borrowed soldiers from the Khitan and mutinied. He told Yelvdeguang, Emperor Taizong of Liao Dynasty, and later ceded sixteen states to the Khitan, losing three hundred thousand silks every year. When Zhang Jingda heard of the mutiny, he led an army to besiege Taiyuan, but Shi Jingtang could not hold on. At that time, Zhao Dejun of Lu and Yelvdeguang of Khitan Khan were interested in cooperating * * * for the Central Plains. Shi Jingtang was frightened and made Sang see Yelvdeguang. Sang Han Wei knelt in front of the Khitan account and begged, which made Yelvdeguang give up the plan of cooperation with Zhao Dejun. Yelvdeguang led the army to clear the way after the founding of the People's Republic of China and helped Shi Jingtang advance to Taiyuan. In 937 AD, 8 Jin Army and the Qidan Army went south, and Yang Guangyuan, Zhao Dejun and other towns surrendered one after another. Jin Jun invaded Luoyang alone, and the emperor died of self-immolation at the end of the later Tang Dynasty, and the later Tang Dynasty perished. Later, Emperor Gaozu of Jin made Bianzhou his capital and ceded sixteen states to Qidan. Since then, the influence of the Khitan State reached its maximum in the Five Dynasties.

The expansion of Jiangnan

When the Five Dynasties entered the post-Jin period, their national strength was not as good as before, and they were often threatened by the Khitan. Wu in the Jianghuai area and the later Southern Tang Dynasty were very powerful. They adopted the strategy of uniting the northern Khitan countries to restrict the Central Plains, and conquered neighboring countries many times to strengthen their own strength, which posed a great threat to the Central Plains dynasty. The State of Wu was founded by Yang Xingmi, our envoy from Huainan. As early as the Qin Zongquan Rebellion, Bi Shiduo, a subordinate of Qin State, led an army to attack Yangzhou. Yang Xingmi developed separatist forces in the process of resisting the enemy, and finally established the State of Wu. In 902 AD, Yang Xingmi was made King of Wu by the imperial court, with Guangling as its capital and Jiangdu House as its title. During the reign, farmers and mulberry were encouraged to stabilize the economy and gradually recover the Jianghuai area. Foreign support for Tangmen, hostility to Zhu Quanzhong, founder of Houliang. Yang Xingmi died in 905, and his son Yang W succeeded him. The following year, Nakagawa died in Jiangxi, and the philosophers were in civil strife. Yang took advantage of the situation to capture Jiangxi and unify Jianghuai. But Yang W likes to have fun and has doubts about the hero. Zhang Hao and Xu Wen, the ministers, launched a mutiny and killed Yang ... In 908 AD, Wenli Xu Yang's younger brother became emperor, except those who wanted to stand on their own feet, and completely mastered the power of Wu.

After Xu Wen came to power, he repeatedly attacked Wu Yueguo and failed. It was not until the end of Hou Liang that the peace talks were held. After the demise of the Tang Dynasty, the State of Wu refused to recognize the orthodox position of Hou Liang, and still adopted the title of "God Bless" in Tang Aidi. It was not until 9 19 that the state of Wu changed its yuan, and it officially broke off relations with the Tang Dynasty. Internally, gradually cut off Yang's old life and stabilize his power. However, Xu Zhixun, the eldest son of the dictatorship, was arrogant. He once caused a mutiny by bullying Yang Long, the king of Wu, and was finally killed by his subordinate Zhu Jin. Xu Zhibaote, Xu Wen's adopted son, settled the chaos. Xu Zhibaote was very filial to Xu Wen and eventually became the successor of Xu Wen's regime. Yang Long died of depression, and his son Yang Pu succeeded to the throne. In 927, he proclaimed himself Wu Rui. In 927 AD, Xu Wen died, pursued the title of King Qi, and adopted son Xu Zhigu succeeded to the throne, becoming the actual ruler of the State of Wu. Xu Zhigu lived a simple life, respected Emperor Wu and his generals, and won the hearts of the people. In 937 AD, Xu Zhigu succeeded to the throne as emperor. After Wu's death, he established Jinling as his capital and called jiangning house (Nanjing, Jiangsu). In the same year, the late Tang Dynasty perished. Two years later, Xu Zhimo claimed to be a descendant of the Tang family, changed his name to Li Bian, changed his country name to Tang, and was called Nantang in history. He is a martyr in Nantang. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Li Bian adopted the policy of sharing interests with the people and being a good neighbor, which made its national strength continue to be strong. After Li Bian died in 943, his son Li Jing succeeded to the throne, that is, Yuan Zong of the Southern Tang Dynasty. In the early days of Li Jing's administration, the national strength of Nantang was still strong. Foreign relations and the suppression of the later Zhou Dynasty by the Liao Dynasty also accidentally invaded neighboring countries, destroying Fujian and Chu one after another. ?

In the southeast of Southern Tang Dynasty, there are Wu Yue State and Min State. The founders of Wu Yueguo are Zhenhai and Qian Liu, the envoys of our town east, with Hangzhou as the capital and a territory similar to that of Zhejiang Province. In 907 AD, Qian Liu was named Yue by Hou Liang, that is, Emperor Taizu of wuyue. Promoting economic development and protecting the environment and people during his tenure; As the sovereign state of the Five Dynasties, Wu and Nantang were sworn enemies, and this strategy was maintained until the national subjugation. In addition, envoys were sent to confer titles on Silla, Bohai and other kings, and all countries in the sea regarded him as the monarch. Fujian was founded by Fujian observer Wang Chao, who took control of Fuzhou with his brother Wang and later became the special envoy of our Wuwei army. Its territory is roughly equivalent to today's Fujian Province. After Wang came to power in 909 AD, he was named the King of Fujian, that is, the Emperor Taizu of Fujian. During his reign, he also advocated frugality, shared happiness with the people, and became a vassal of five dynasties, which made the country of Fujian develop rapidly. After the death of Taizu in Fujian in 925, his successors, imperial clan and ministers were suspicious and fighting with each other, which gradually weakened Fujian.

In 943 A.D., Wang's younger brother, a native of Fujian, proclaimed himself emperor in Jianzhou (Jian 'ou, Fujian), with the title Yin. The following year, Jing Zong in Fujian was killed by the minister, and there was chaos in China. In 945, the name of Wang Gai was Fujian. In the same year, Yuan Zong took the opportunity to attack Fujian, captured Jianzhou and died in Fujian. But wuyue took the opportunity to intervene, Fujian attached Li Renda to Fuzhou and wuyue, and Quanzhou and Zhangzhou were guarded by Qingyuan Army. In the end, the Southern Tang Dynasty only got Jianzhou and Tingzhou (now northwest Fujian), and the relationship with Wu Yueguo continued to deteriorate. Soon after, Yuan Zong of the Southern Tang Dynasty took advantage of the civil strife in Chu, sent an attack from the frontier and wiped it out in 95 1 year, but the following year, because Chu rebelled against Ada, Southern Tang lost Hunan again. The continuous use of troops in the Southern Tang Dynasty greatly consumed the national strength and most of the land obtained was lost. In addition, Yuan Zong in the Southern Tang Dynasty was gentle and outspoken, so small groups competed and the politics was not correct. In 957 AD, the latter Zhou took the opportunity to send troops to the Southern Tang Dynasty. Yuan Zong was defeated in the Southern Tang Dynasty, and fourteen states in the north of the Yangtze River were ceded to the later Zhou Dynasty. His imperial name was also removed, and he was only called the Lord of the South of the Yangtze River. Southern Tang Dynasty was greatly weakened. Li Hongji, a prince with more military talent, died after poisoning his uncle Li Jingsui who tried to seize the throne. In the Southern Tang Dynasty, Yuan Zong had to change the sixth son Li Yu into a prince, but Li Yu's scholar temperament was heavier. In the Southern Tang Dynasty, Yuan Zong moved its capital to Hongzhou, namely, Nanchangfu, to avoid the joint invasion of Jinling by Zhou Jun and Wu Yuejun. After the death of Yuan Zong in 96 1 AD, Li Yu ascended the throne, namely, the empress of the Southern Tang Dynasty and the capital of Jinling. At this point, the Southern Tang Dynasty was powerless to threaten the Five Dynasties and could only protect the environment and people.

Huguang area includes Jingnan, Nanchu, Nanhan and Jinghai. Jingnan, also known as Nanping Prefecture and bei chu, is in the west of Hubei Province. The founder Gao Jixing was the general of Hou Liang Taizu. In 907, he was appointed as our special envoy in Jingnan, and his place was Jiangling. Jingnan is weak and obedient to neighboring countries. Its monarch, Gao Jixing, was highly intelligent, coveting tributes from various countries and intercepting looting. They were only willing to return after being threatened by various countries to send troops, so they were called "Gao Laizi". After the demise of the Later Liang Dynasty, Gao Jixing became a vassal of the Later Tang Dynasty. In 924 AD, after the Tang Dynasty, he was named King Nanping, and was officially founded with Jiangling as its capital. He is the king of Wu Xin. When the later Tang Dynasty destroyed the former Shu, Gao Jixing expressed his willingness to help cut Shu, but he didn't actually take action, and then asked the later Tang Dynasty for the land of the former Shu. These made Tang Mingzong in the later Tang Dynasty furious and sent his troops south. Fortunately, the rainy season in the south of the Yangtze River allowed Tang Jun to retreat. The relationship between Nanping and the later Tang Dynasty was not reconciled until his son Aric succeeded to the throne. Chu State was founded by Ma Yin, the messenger of Wu 'an Army in our time, also known as Nanchu and Machu. During the Qin Zongquan Rebellion, Qin deployed Sun Ru to attack Huaiyang.

Southern Han territory

Secretly, Ma Yin of Sun Ru's department and some troops crossed Jiangxi to Hunan. After its establishment in 907 AD, Ma Yin became the King of Chu, that is, Mu. Its influence covers present-day Hunan and northern Guangxi, and it subdued the five dynasties, put down the chaotic army, strengthened the vassals, and adopted the policy of protecting the environment and people, thus making the State of Chu strong. After 927 AD, Ma Yin was made King of Chu in the Tang Dynasty, with Tanzhou as its capital, namely Changsha Prefecture. During the expansion of Zhao Wen by Ma Xifan, the king of Chu, a prosperous ethnic situation appeared in northeast Guangxi. However, after the death of Ma Xifan in 947, the country was in chaos, and Chu supported the second son Ma Xiguang to succeed to the throne, which made the eldest son Ma Xigu dissatisfied and rebelled. In 950 AD, Ma Xixi successfully captured Changsha, that is, King Chu Gong Xiao. However, he indulged in debauchery, which led to the mutiny of Chu generals Wang Kui and Zhou Xingfeng. They supported imperial clan Ma Guanghui as our ambassador to Wuping, supported Ada as Wuping Army, and led the army to occupy Langzhou (Changde, Hunan). Soon, Xu Wei also supported Ma Xichong to stay in Wu 'an army and exiled Ma. Masisi was supported again in Hengshan. After the Chu State was divided into three factions: Ma Guanghui, Ma Xichong and Ma, the Southern Tang Dynasty seized Changsha in 95 1, Ma Xichong and Ma surrendered one after another, and the Chu State perished. At the same time, it took Guizhou (Guilin, Guangxi) from south to north and occupied the whole Lingnan area. The following year, after Wu Jun stayed behind, Ada refused to surrender to the Tang Dynasty, and sent Wang Kui and Zhou Xingfeng to capture Tanzhou, so that Nantang completely withdrew from Hunan. Ada was appointed as our ambassador of Wuping in the latter Zhou Dynasty, but he was abolished by Wang Kui and Zhou Xingfeng and died for opposing Wang Kui. Wang Kui was insatiable and was killed by his subordinate Pan Shusi, and Wu Jun was finally succeeded by Zhou Xingfeng. Zhou Xingfeng got rid of the evil politics of Chu, cared about the people and advocated honesty. The use of generals is severe and decisive. It was not until Zhou Xingfeng died in 962 that Hunan returned to stability.

The Southern Han Dynasty was founded by Liu Yin, an envoy of the Qing navy. In 907 AD, he was named King Peng Jun by Hou Liang, and was later named King Nanping and King Nanhai. After Liu Yin stabilized Lingnan, he reused local scholars to lay the foundation for the future establishment of the country. 9 1 1 After Liu Yin died, his younger brother Liu Li succeeded him. After the unification of Lingnan, Liu Li proclaimed himself emperor in 9 17, that is, Emperor Gaozu of the Southern Han Dynasty. The country's name is Da Yue, the capital of Panyu, and the country's name is Xing (now Guangzhou, Guangdong). The following year, the name of the country was changed to Han, which was called Nanhan in history. Emperor Gaozu of the Southern Han Dynasty reconciled with neighboring countries and carried out the imperial examination system. However, it is cruel and extravagant, and every time it kills people, everyone is happy, and eunuchs are very fortunate, and even political affairs are restless. In 942 AD, Emperor Gaozu of the Southern Han Dynasty died, and his son Liu Zan succeeded to the throne, that is, the Emperor of the Southern Han Dynasty died. The emperor of the Southern Han Dynasty was greedy for pleasure. At that time, Zhang Yuxian rebelled and was killed by his brother Liu Sheng the following year. Liu Sheng stood on his own two feet as emperor, that is, the Middle Sect of the Southern Han Dynasty. During his reign, although he captured Rongzhou (Beiliu, Guangxi) and Yongzhou (now Nanning, Guangxi) of Chu, he advocated severe punishment, arrogance and cruelty, and slaughtered the royal family, ministers and generals. Only eunuchs and maids were in power in the Southern Han Dynasty. After his death in 958, his son Liu Yong succeeded to the throne and was the queen of the Southern Han Dynasty. At the same time, Jinghai (now northern Vietnam) began to break away from the rule of China.

? When the ten countries gradually weakened or protected themselves, the late Jin in the north was often uneasy because of the threat of the Khitan country. At that time, the rulers were established, financial resources were scarce, and the Khitan was insatiable, and the buffer region was unwilling to submit. In order to solve the financial crisis, Emperor Gaozu of the late Jin adopted Sang's suggestion, adopted the way of appeasing the buffer region and paying homage to the Khitan, and attached importance to agriculture and commerce to strengthen the economy. Although the Khitan was pacified, Wu Luan and Guo Chongwei, former officials of sixteen states, were ashamed of the Khitan and refused to surrender. Almost all the local buffer regions refused to accept the Jin Dynasty, and some even deliberately wooed the Khitan State to seize the position. At this time, it is up to Du Zhongwei, Li Shouzhen and others to calm down. In 937 AD, Fan Tingguang (Wei Bojun), the heavenly hero's army, rebelled against Weizhou, and Zhang Congbin, who went to quell the rebellion, surrendered to him and killed Shi Zhongxin and Shi Chong Wa, the son of Gaozu at the end of Jin Dynasty. Finally, when the allied forces of Fan and Zhang approached Kaifeng, they were defeated by Hou Yi and Du Zhongwei. Yang Guangyuan relied on his own strength to intervene in state affairs, and the late Jin emperor often surrendered to it. Later, Li Shouzhen was defeated by the rebellion of the Khitan State and died. In 942 AD, an Zhongrong, a German army, denounced what his great-grandfather had done in Qidan and demanded an attack on Qidan. But in fact, it was secretly in contact with the Khitan, intending to seize the position. At the end of the Jin Dynasty, Emperor Gaozu sent Du Zhongwei to attack An Chongrong with his army, which was called the Battle of Zongcheng in history and sent his head to Qidan. In the same year, Tuyuhun, located in Daibei, was unwilling to surrender to the kingdom of Qidan, so Bai Chengfu, the leader, led troops to Liu Zhiyuan, Hedong, and the Qidan sent messengers to criticize. It was in these worries and resentments that my great-grandfather died at the end of the Jin Dynasty. His ministers Feng Dao and Jing, considering the difficulties of the country, wanted to establish a long monarch, so they succeeded to Yedu (Daming, Hebei) with their nephews, that is, they became emperors at the end of the Jin Dynasty.

Because the generals and people in the late Jin Dynasty were strongly dissatisfied with the condescending treatment of aliens, the emperor of the late Jin Dynasty listened to Jing's suggestion, gave up his submission to the Khitan, and changed his name to Sun to avenge his disgrace. Jing Yan Guang's hostility to the Khitans is very strong. He killed the Khitan merchants, arrested the Khitan messengers, and vented his anger on them, repeatedly provoking the Khitans. This aroused the anger of Khitan Khan Yeludeguang, who led the army south in 944 AD. At that time, there was a drought and locust plague in Hebei, and the Qidan army attacked Zhou Bei (Qinghe, Hebei) and made a comeback. The following year, Emperor Du Zhongwei led the army to the Northern Expedition, and Yeludeguang led the army to the South. Finally, Du Zhongwei successfully defeated the Khitan Army in Baigou (between Dingxing and Xincheng in Hebei). However, after the war of Baigou, the late Jin emperor became increasingly arrogant, took power, bribed the people and corrupted the state affairs. After 946 AD, Jin went out to claim the title of emperor, led the northern expedition with Du Zhongwei, and fought with Yelvdeguang in Hutuo River. At this point, Du Zhongwei intended to seize the position, but surrendered to Yeludeguang. Ye Ludeguang took the opportunity to lead the allied forces to push Kaifeng, and later Jin generals Li Shouzhen and Zhang Yanze surrendered one after another. Finally, the late Jin surrendered in Kaesong, and the late Jin perished, which is known as the Battle of Destroying Jin in Liao Dynasty. The following year, Ye Luduang changed the country name to "Da Liao", that is, Liao Taizong, and formally established the Liao Dynasty. Emperor Taizong of Liao was confident in governing China, but the predatory policy of "mowing the grass valley" and plundering the people as slaves made the people in the Central Plains rally to resist. Among them, Liu Zhiyuan, the Hedong Army, listened to Zhang Yanwei's advice and took the Central Plains as the owner because Taiyuan proclaimed himself the emperor. Taiyuan was the later Han Dynasty after the founding of the People's Republic of China, that is, the later Emperor Gaozu. Unable to suppress this situation, Emperor Taizong of Liao led his army back to the north on the grounds of hot weather. He ordered Han Xiao to stay in Kaifeng and Du Zhongwei to stay in Yedu. Finally, he killed Lin Hu (Luancheng, Hebei) and died. His brother YeLvShiShi wants to inherit him, that is, Liao Shizong.

After the Liao army returned to the north, Emperor Gaozu began to recover the Central Plains. After learning the news, he hijacked Li, the imperial clan of the later Tang Dynasty, proclaimed himself emperor in Kaifeng, and then returned to the north. After Emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty, in order to make Kaifeng its capital, he sent envoys to kill Li, and sent Gao Hangzhou and Murong Yanchao to surrender to Du Zhongwei in the battle of Weizhou, and towns joined in one after another. After the death of Emperor Gaozu in 948, his son Liu Chengyou succeeded to the post-Han Dynasty, supplemented by yangfu, Guo Wei, Shi, and. At that time, Li Shouzhen, our Hezhou, rebelled because of the pacification of Guo Wei. When Yin Di was old, he had doubts about the ministers of the assisting countries. After reaching an agreement with Guo Yunming, in 950 AD, Guo Wei was sent to guard Yedu on the grounds that the Liao army was in Hebei. He also killed Yang, Shi, Wang and Guo Wei's family, and called Murong Yanchao, the Taining army, to enter Beijing quickly. Guo Wei followed Wei Renpu's advice and sent his adopted son Chai Rong to guard Yedu. The following year, he defeated Murong Yanchao and attacked Kaifeng. Yin Di of the later Han Dynasty was finally killed by Guo Yunming and others. Guo Weiben intended to establish Liu Chongzi, Xuzhou Army, Liu Yun as emperor and Li Taihou as the first court. At that time, it happened that the Liao army invaded, and Guo Wei rose up against the enemy, but the army arrived in the named state (now Puyang, Hebei Province), and the sergeant acclaimed Guo Wei as emperor, and the army returned to Kaifeng. In 95 1 year, Guo Wei proclaimed himself emperor, and one week after the founding of the People's Republic of China, that is, the emperor of the later Zhou Dynasty, died in the later Han Dynasty.

After Taizu ascended the throne in the late Zhou Dynasty, he reduced some tyranny and practiced frugality, which made the population flowing out of the south tend to return to the Central Plains again. However, Liu Yun was killed, which made the post-old Han family disobey Zhou Ting. Liu Chong (the younger brother of Liu Zhiyuan, Emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty), an army of Hedong, established the Northern Han Dynasty. Relying on the help of Liao people, he claimed to be his nephew and waited for an opportunity to attack Zhou. Gong of Xuzhou and Murong Yanchao of Taining Army, the old generals of the Han Dynasty, attempted to mutiny, which depended on the gradual pacification later.

After 954 AD, Zhou Taizu died, and his adopted son Chai Rong succeeded to the throne, becoming the post-Zhou Shizong. Post-Zhou Shizong was the first monarch of the Five Dynasties and Ten Countries. At the beginning of his succession, Emperor Liu Chong of the Northern Han Dynasty and Liao General Zhou Yang went south together. At that time, Zhou Ting was frightened, and most of them advocated caution. However, after Zhou Shizong personally defeated the Han-Liao allied forces and beheaded the incompetent generals who chickened out, it was known as the Battle of Gaoping. Since then, the military system has been reformed, the central imperial army has been streamlined, and strong men have been supplemented to form an imperial army with "classes in front of the temple". On the internal affairs, he called for exile, reducing taxes and stabilizing the domestic economy. Rectify official management, recruit talents, suppress military politics, and make the politics of the later Zhou Dynasty clear. In 955, the Buddhist temples in the world were abolished, and a large number of bronzes were obtained to rectify the economy. Military and economic upgrading has laid an important foundation for China's future reunification.

After stabilizing the country, Zhou Shizong intends to unify the world. His goal is to "open the world in ten years, support the people in ten years, and level the world in ten years." In 955 AD, he led the army to defeat Houshu and occupied the middle area of Zhou Qin and Han Dynasty. In 956, he led the troops to defeat Nantang, acquired the land north of the Yangtze River, and forced Nantang to submit. After 959 AD, Zhou Shizong led an army to the Northern Expedition and recovered sixteen states. Zhou Jun successively captured Yingzhou and Zhou Mo. When he was preparing to recover Youzhou, he suddenly fell ill and was forced to transfer troops. Shortly after his death, his youngest son Chai Zongxun ascended the throne, that is, Emperor Gong of the later Zhou Dynasty. In 960, Zhao Kuangyin, the leader of the imperial army, led his troops to the North Palace on the grounds of pacifying the invasion of two states by the Northern Han Dynasty and the Liao Dynasty, and then Chen Qiao mutiny occurred in Chen Qiaoyi, Kaifeng Prefecture, and he was acclaimed as the emperor by the imperial army. Back in Kaifeng, Gong, the emperor of the later Zhou Dynasty, was deposed, and the latter Zhou Dynasty perished, ending the Five Dynasties. He founded the Song Dynasty, that is, Song Taizu.

? Zhou Xingfeng, Hunan Wupingjun and Minnan Qingyuan Army stayed in school. Most of these countries or regions regard Song Dynasty as the suzerain or submit to it. Facing the threat of Liao Dynasty, Song Taizu adopted Zhao Pu's strategy of "easy before difficult, south before north" to unify China area. In 962, the owner of Jingnan died of high death, and Zhou Xingfeng of Hunan Province died in the same year. The new owners of these two countries are young and incompetent. The following year, citing the Pingxiang Rebellion, Song Taizu took the opportunity to send troops south to Hunan, cut the enemy on the way and annexed Jingnan. Meng Changjun, the ruler in the last years of Shu and Han Dynasties, learned that Jingnan and Hunan were annexed and joined the Northern Han Dynasty to resist the division of the Song Dynasty. But in his later years, he indulged in pleasure, failed to practice state affairs, and the army was ineffective. In 965 AD, Cui and Liu Guangyi were sent to Fengzhou (Fengxian County, Shaanxi Province) and Cao Bin to Guizhou (Zigui, Hubei Province), and both the north and the south entered Shu at the same time. As a result, within 60 days, Meng Changjun, the Emperor of Houshu, surrendered and died in Houshu. His favorite concubine, Mrs. Hua Rui, wrote after her national subjugation: "The flag was raised on the imperial city, and it was learned in the palace that there were 140,000 disarmament, and none of them were men." Liu Yong, the ruler at the end of the Southern Han Dynasty, handed over political affairs to the eunuch Gong Chengshu and the waitress Lu Qiongxian. Because only eunuchs can be trusted, officials need to be castrated to use them. In 970, Song Ting sent Pan Mei to attack Nanhan. Because the generals and ministers of the Southern Han Dynasty were all dead, only eunuchs led the troops. The following year, Emperor Liu Ting of the Southern Han Dynasty surrendered and the Southern Han Dynasty died.