Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Weather forecast - What are the preventive and treatment measures for high temperature production in chemical enterprises in summer?
What are the preventive and treatment measures for high temperature production in chemical enterprises in summer?
Lightning protection and electrical accident measures
Summer is a thunderstorm season, and lightning strikes have repeatedly damaged the electromechanical, electric power, instrument, communication, metering, electronic control and other systems of gas enterprises, resulting in accidents such as equipment failure, tripping, shutdown, wrong start, etc., and often caused the flammable gas vent nozzle to catch fire due to lightning strikes, and even directly led to accidents. Summer is also the season of frequent electrical accidents, and gas enterprises should focus on the following work in lightning protection and prevention of electrical accidents.
(1) Before the thunderstorm season comes every year, conduct a comprehensive and detailed inspection on the lightning protection and grounding of all equipment, electricity and instruments in advance, and comprehensively test the impulse grounding resistance value of lightning protection and grounding to ensure that the resistance value is not greater than 10 ohm. If there is any problem, it should be rectified in time to ensure that it is not missed.
(2) Lightning arresters shall be installed in the key instrument circuits, and the walls and roofs of the instrument room in the main control room shall be prepared for rain.
(3) In terms of electricity, the temperature of contact points of transformers, cables, cable joints, motors (including fuselage and bearings) and electrical components should be detected to prevent overheating; Distribution room, switch station, junction box, bearing, etc. Should be waterproof and waterproof, check after the rain; Measures should be taken to prevent small animals from entering the distribution room, basement and switch station.
(4) The safety valve, vent and other parts of the storage tank are the key points of lightning protection of the storage tank, which are vulnerable to lightning and fire. Daily inspection and regular inspection must be combined to rectify the existing problems in time.
(5) Regularly check lightning protection facilities such as grounding wires and jumpers to ensure that there is no looseness or serious corrosion; After the pipeline and equipment are dismantled and repaired, lightning protection grounding wires and jumpers should be restored immediately to ensure normal work.
(6) Check whether there is any leakage at the pipeline joint to prevent the leaked natural gas from catching fire due to lightning strike.
(7) Thunderstorm weather is easy to cause electrical accidents, leading to equipment shaking or power failure. Gas companies must constantly improve emergency plans and conduct drills to ensure that power outages can be handled correctly and the impact will be minimized.
(8) During a thunderstorm, self-protection measures should be taken to prevent the human body from being struck by lightning.
(9) In summer, the weather is hot, humid and rainy, which reduces the insulation performance of electrical lines and facilities and is prone to leakage. Non-working personnel should stay away from live facilities and disconnect the power supply before moving electrical equipment.
Flood control and typhoon prevention measures
Smooth drainage facilities are the only way to prevent floods. Chemical enterprises should ensure that light rain does not accumulate water and heavy rain can be drained away, and have plans to deal with catastrophic floods. In case of catastrophic flood, they can arrange production in an orderly manner or stop production in an emergency according to the plan. In the rainy season to do the following work:
(1) Regularly check the rainwater drainage system, flood drainage facilities, drainage outlets, etc. In the device area, if it is uneven, it will reach the ditch bottom standard, complete and cover the ditch cover plate, and the guardrail should be intact and firm.
(2) Check the pumping station and high-voltage wires and reinforce them when necessary.
(3) The doors and windows of key production parts, key equipment, water supply and power supply projects and various material warehouses should be protected from water ingress.
(4) Take measures to prevent rainwater from entering the sewage treatment system, and timely handle the accumulated water in the low-lying areas of the plant area and device area to ensure that the fire pump is in good condition and avoid environmental pollution accidents.
(5) Houses, sheds and fences in the checkpoint to prevent typhoons and landslides.
(6) Pay attention to the rainproof, waterproof and moistureproof of production equipment during flood season or flood period.
(7) Equipped with shovel, woven bag, drainage pump, flood control sand, communication equipment and other necessary emergency tools and articles. Management should be strengthened and responsibility should be implemented to people. The management of emergency relief materials reserve and emergency alarm system should be checked regularly, and necessary relief materials should be replenished in time as needed.
(8) Seriously organize emergency drills for flood control and wind disaster relief, and do a good job in publicity and education, so that each employee can clearly understand the significance of flood control and wind disaster relief and his responsibilities and obligations in flood control and wind disaster relief.
(9) According to the weather forecast or early warning issued by the Meteorological Observatory, make preparations for flood control in advance, with personnel and materials in place, and start the emergency plan according to the situation when necessary.
Heatstroke prevention and cooling measures
In summer, the weather is sunny and hot, and the intensity of solar radiation and ultraviolet rays reaches the highest, which has a great impact on human health and is prone to heatstroke, chronic heat stroke and other diseases. In order to ensure the health of employees, gas enterprises need to do the following work.
(1) Try to turn on the air conditioner in main control room and power distribution room, and keep the indoor temperature at 25 ~ 27℃.
(2) Arrange the time reasonably. Outdoor workers should try to avoid high temperature operation, wear protective overalls reasonably, avoid working in high temperature environment for a long time, drink more salty water, pay attention to rest, and prepare heatstroke prevention and cooling drugs.
(3) In summer, due to the influence of hot weather, people are prone to fatigue. Enterprises should properly arrange employees' rest time and rest places during high temperature, improve working conditions, reduce labor intensity and strictly control overtime.
(4) Provide necessary nutrients, heat-resistant health drinks and other health care measures to improve the physical fitness of workers, control and eliminate heatstroke, and reduce the long-term impact of high temperature on health. For those with poor physical fitness who are not suitable for high-temperature operation, gas can be appropriately rotated during off-peak hours.
(5) If patients with heatstroke symptoms are found, they should immediately rest in the shade, and carry out first aid and necessary treatment.
(6) Strengthen the inspection and management of wearing labor protection articles. It is forbidden to wear spikes, slippers, vests, shorts (skirts) and chemical fiber clothes.
Measures to prevent overtemperature, overpressure and explosion
Long illumination time and high temperature in summer will accelerate the decomposition, gasification, heating and expansion of flammable and explosive substances, which will easily lead to over-temperature and over-pressure of equipment, and even lead to explosion accidents in serious cases. In order to prevent overtemperature and overpressure, the following matters should be noted.
(1) Safety facilities such as safety valves, pressure gauges, pressure reducing valves, liquid level gauges, thermometers, quick cut-off valves and spray facilities of boilers and pressure vessels must be kept intact, and 100% shall be put into use.
(2) The reserves of atmospheric storage tanks should be strictly controlled within the safety critical range, and overloading is strictly prohibited. Non-open barrels and tanks containing dangerous chemicals should not be filled, and a gap of 10% ~ 15% should be left to avoid explosion and rupture of containers caused by expansion of flammable liquids.
(3) The pressure vessel shall operate smoothly. At the beginning of loading, the speed should not be too fast to avoid a sudden increase in pressure. Heating or cooling should be slow to avoid excessive pressure fluctuation and accidents. Do a good job of pressure relief and purging of all equipment and pipelines that are out of service.
(4) Take measures such as rotating operation or suspending operation for compressors, electrical equipment and other equipment that are prone to overtemperature and overpressure.
(5) Grasp the integrity of the venting and pressure relief system at any time to ensure that it is intact and smooth, and focus on monitoring and inspecting the areas where there may be leakage points, focusing on controlling the venting points at high altitude and the possible leakage points at high altitude to prevent the leakage from being ignited by lightning.
(6) The indoor temperature and ventilation of the main control room, instrument and electrical equipment operation room should be controlled in a normal state.
(7) Strengthen process management, adjust process indicators in time, and prohibit over-temperature, over-pressure and over-load production. Operators should be careful when working, pay close attention to the working conditions of heat exchange equipment, the operation of cooling water and abnormal changes in temperature, liquid level and pressure, and strengthen inspection to prevent running, running, dripping and leaking.
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