What are the advantages of the four major satellite launch sites in China?

The four major satellite launch bases in China are Jiuquan, Xichang, Taiyuan and Wenchang, which have the following advantages:

Advantages of Jiuquan: the area is flat and sparsely populated, belonging to the inland desert climate. The annual average temperature is 8.7 degrees Celsius and the relative humidity is 35%-55%. It is dry and rainy all year round, with shorter spring and autumn seasons, longer winter and summer seasons, more sunshine, less clouds, long sunshine time and hard living environment, but it can provide good natural environment conditions for space launch.

Jiuquan Satellite Launch Base was founded in 1958, located at 2 10 km northeast of Jiuquan City (41.18n north latitude, 0/00.36438+06e east longitude). Deep in the Badain Jaran Desert, it is the earliest and largest satellite launch center in China, and also a comprehensive launch site for all kinds of launch vehicles and sounding meteorological rockets. The launching facilities are complete and reliable, and it can launch medium and low orbit satellites with large inclination. Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, also known as "Dongfeng Space City", is one of the launch test bases of China's scientific satellites, technical test satellites and launch vehicles, the earliest and largest comprehensive missile and satellite launch center established in China, and the only manned space launch site in China at present.

2. Advantages of Xichang:

It has the advantages of "natural launch site": First, it has low latitude (28.2 degrees north latitude), high altitude (1500m), good launch inclination and short ground-air distance. The lower the latitude, the latitude is 28 degrees north latitude14' 42.72'' and east longitude102.

The canyon has good terrain and solid geological structure, with an altitude of1857m, which is beneficial to the overall layout of launch sites, the layout of ground launch facilities, technical equipment, tracking measurement and communication, and can satisfy the construction of multiple launch sites.

The weather is fine, and it's a good "launch window". The annual average temperature is 18℃, which is one of the areas with the smallest climate change in China. There are as many as 320 sunshine days, almost no foggy days, and there are more test periods and allowed launch times.

In a word, Xichang has low latitude, high altitude, few clouds, no pollution and high air transparency. The best launch season is June 10 to May of the following year.

Xichang satellite launch center (XSLC), also known as Xichang Satellite City, was built at 1970 and put into use at 1982. Since the launch of China's first communication satellite in1984+1October, by 20 16,165438+1October 22nd, the 04 satellite of Tianlian-1 was successfully put into the scheduled orbit by the Long March 3rd C carrier rocket, and the launch activity in xichang satellite launch center has exceeded.

The center consists of headquarters, launch site (technical area and two launch stations), communication terminal, command and control center, three tracking and measuring stations and other related life support units, in which the coordinate position of the launch site is 102 degrees east longitude and 28.2 degrees north latitude. It is mainly responsible for the organization and command of GEO satellite launch, test launch, active segment measurement, safety control, data processing, information transmission, meteorological support, debris recovery, experimental technology research and other tasks, such as broadcasting, communication and meteorology. The center mainly undertakes the test launch and application launch tasks of geosynchronous orbit satellites, communications, broadcasting and meteorological satellites. It is the largest launch site in China, with the most advanced equipment and technology, the most satellite launching tasks and the ability to launch various types of satellites.

3. Advantages of Taiyuan: There are many days with good weather conditions in a year, winter is long without summer, spring and autumn are connected, the frost-free period is only 90 days, and the annual average temperature is 5℃. It is an ideal venue for space launch. Convenient transportation, close to Beijing, and convenient contact with Beijing Aerospace Control Center.

Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center (TSLC) is located in the plateau area of kelan county, Xinzhou City. Located in the temperate zone, the altitude is about 1, 500m, adjacent to Luya Mountain Scenic Area. It is one of the test bases for experimental satellites, applied satellites and launch vehicles in China. The launch center has rocket and satellite test workshops, equipment processing rooms, launch operation facilities, flight tracking and safety control facilities. Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center has multi-directional, multi-orbit, long-distance and high-precision measurement capabilities, and undertakes the launching tasks of all kinds of medium and low orbit satellites and launch vehicles such as meteorology, resources and communication in sun-synchronous orbit. The launch center was established in 1967. Winter here is long without summer, and spring and autumn are connected. The frost-free period is only 90 days, and the average annual temperature is 5℃.

4. Advantages of Wenchang:

First, as the first coastal launch center in China, it is close to the harbor and has convenient transportation. The rocket can be transported by sea, and the diameter of the arrow body is no longer limited by the railway bridge culvert (the Long March II series is limited by railway transportation, and the maximum diameter of the component can only be limited to 3.5 meters), further releasing the potential involved in the rocket;

Second, low latitude and high launch efficiency. After the rocket is launched, the initial velocity to the east given by the earth's rotation can be obtained to improve the carrying capacity;

Third, the shooting direction is wide and the safety is good. From east to south, the range of 1000 km is the sea area, and the rockets launched from Hainan Island are in the vast sea area of 1000 km, so the falling debris is not easy to cause accidents, and the navigation area and landing area are safe.

Wenchang Satellite Launch Center /WSLC: Located in Longlou Town, Wenchang City, Hainan Province, China, it is the first coastal launch base in China and one of the few low-latitude launch sites in the world. Formerly the test base for launching suborbital rockets in China, the State Council and the Central Military Commission approved the construction of China's first coastal launch base there. The total land area of the project is about 1853 1 mu.