Chicken feeding management: chick feeding management technology

With the gradual improvement of consumers' requirements for food taste and quality, the following is the management of raising chickens that I have carefully arranged for you. Let's have a look.

Chicken management

First, the choice of breeding grounds.

Stocking areas must be far away from residential areas, industrial and mining areas and main roads, the environment should be quiet and peaceful, the air should be fresh, and there should be clean water sources such as pollution-free streams and ponds nearby. In the stocking area, find a flat with the lee facing the sun, build a simple chicken coop facing south, or build a plastic shed to provide a place for chickens to have a lunch break and rest. Chicken coops can be rebuilt from old houses or built separately. An elastic plastic net or bamboo woven net is installed in the henhouse, the mesh diameter is 1 cm, and the net is about 1 m from the ground. If the old house is rebuilt, light windows and floor-to-ceiling windows should be opened before and after. The lighting window is 1.5m from the ground, and the floor-to-ceiling window is 20cm from the ground.

Second, the management of chickens.

1, chicken coop preparation. Do a good job of preparation before hatching. For the hen house rebuilt from the old house, the walls and top of the hen house should be painted with concentrated lime water 1-2 times. Whether it is rebuilt or newly built, it must be strictly disinfected and hygienic, and the temperature regulation and ventilation facilities in the henhouse should be verified.

2. The source of the chicken. In order to reduce the germs brought by foreign chickens and achieve pure varieties, it is best to continue to breed chickens and breed chickens by yourself.

Breeding chickens choose bright, strong and fast-growing pure native chickens. The weight of hens is about 1.6 kg, and that of cocks is about 1.6-2.25 kg, and the male-female ratio is 1: 10. Brother and sister chickens are not suitable for breeding chickens.

When farmers adopt the method of hen hatching, in order to unify the age of chicks, in addition to ensuring uniform feeding and timely quality guarantee, all hens hatched first are hatched in empty shells (no eggs are put in the henhouse), but the incubation time of empty shells shall not exceed 7 days. When raising chickens on a large scale, it is advisable to hatch chickens in an incubator.

3. Scientific management. Chickens enter the brooding room, with 50 chickens per square meter in the first week. Fresh and clean dry straw is spread on the elastic plastic net or bamboo woven net, and the thickness of the grass is suitable for the chicken manure to fall to the ground from the gap. In the second week, 40 birds per square meter, the grass was removed, and the chicken manure fell directly to the ground through the net. 30 per square meter in the third week, and then 10. Chickens are raised in groups according to age, strength, size and sex. The temperature of the henhouse was 32℃ in the first week, then decreased by 2.5℃ every week, and cooled down when it reached the natural temperature of 265438 0℃. Adopt 1 hour illumination and 1 periodic interval illumination for 3 hours and 4 hours in the dark to make chickens exercise and rest properly, promote the growth of native chickens, improve feed utilization rate and save electricity. The light intensity refers to the light intensity of the daylight window during the day. Chickens can only eat grass when they are 25 days old, which is one of the important factors to ensure high survival rate.

Third, stocking.

1, stocking scale. It is suitable to stock 2000 feathers in a forest land, which is inconvenient to manage on a large scale and inefficient on a small scale. It can be stocked from late spring to Mid-Autumn Festival. In winter, the temperature is low, and the number of cordyceps sinensis decreases, so we should stop eating it.

2. Stocking method. Chickens should choose good varieties with strong disease resistance. Before 3-4 weeks, they should choose a well-insulated room for artificial brooding, and then move to the mountains for stocking after the temperature is removed. Chickens didn't have the habit of foraging in the mountains when they first started stocking, so they should be trained. It usually takes two people to cooperate. One person whistles and scatters granular feed in front, so that the chickens behind can grab the food, and the other person drives them away with branches in the back until all the chickens go up the hill. At noon every day, make up the whistle and make up the meal in the mountains 1 time, and strengthen training. In the evening, chickens should be trained to return to their rooms in the same way. After training for about 10 days, chickens will establish conditioned reflex.

3. Precautions. In order to prevent stress a few days before stocking, a certain amount of vitamin C or multivitamins can be added to feed or drinking water; Do not use antibiotics and insect repellent for 3 months before coming out of the cage.

Fourth, prevent diseases.

Preventive measures are mainly prevention, and the feeding and drinking of chickens are observed every day. Isolate sick chickens immediately when they are found. Cleaning manure every week 1 time. Grazing is forbidden in rainy and snowy weather, so as not to wet feathers and make chickens catch cold.

Chicken plague is the most harmful and popular disease to native chickens. Chicken plague is an infectious and destructive infectious disease caused by Newcastle disease virus, and the mortality rate is almost 100%. This disease can occur all year round, especially in hot summer. Breeding native chickens pays attention to natural ecology, and it is forbidden to use chemicals and other hormones. Therefore, simple and easy local methods should be adopted to effectively prevent and control chicken plague.

(1) Mung bean method: Grind mung bean and alum into powder, add water to make paste, and feed it to chickens. Take 2-3 tablespoons three times a day for 7 days.

⑵ Liquor method: After soaking the whole grains in liquor for 2 hours, feed the chickens 1 time in the morning and evening, with 2-3g for each chicken for 5-7 days.

⑶ Ginger method. Take ginger 10g, chop it, add 50g of alum powder, mix well and feed it to chickens twice a week1-.

⑷ Garlic method: Peel two purple garlic heads and mash them into garlic paste, soak them in boiling water for 1 hour, and then filter them to give chicken water, once a day 1 time.

5] Sophora flavescens method: 50 grams of Sophora flavescens is decocted with 1 kg of water, and 1 time is taken in the morning and evening.

[6] Wheat method: 500g of wheat is mixed with 0.5% potassium permanganate solution and fed to chickens, 1, twice a day for 3-4 days.

(7) Salt method: the granular grains are soaked in 5% salt solution for 2 hours, added to other feeds according to the ratio of daily feed 10%, and fed for 3-5 days.

Key points of chicken breeding technology

Once a breeding site is selected,

Site selection is the key to raising free-range chickens, and factors such as land area, topography, soil, orientation, transportation, water source, power supply, epidemic prevention conditions, natural disasters and economic environment should be comprehensively considered. Chicken farms should not be selected near densely populated residential areas, factories, frequent traffic or livestock and poultry trading places, but should be selected in remote places where vehicles can reach; The site should be located in a high-lying, dry and well-drained place, such as a place with high-lying and dry plains and slightly inclined to the south or southeast, and the slope of the south slope in mountainous and hilly areas should be below 20 degrees; The site should be equipped with sunshade equipment to prevent sun, rain or colds. Bamboo, green trees and grass should be provided in the site to facilitate the activities of chickens. To have water and power, tap water is the best water source. If there is no running water, you should choose a place rich in groundwater resources and suitable for drilling wells, and the water quality should meet the hygiene requirements.

Second, choose improved varieties? Chicken?

Excellent breeds are the basis for raising high-quality broilers. We should choose local famous varieties of colorful feathers with thin skin, plump muscles, delicious meat, strong anti-stress ability and small size, which can be Sanhuang chicken or twisted green-footed chicken, such as Gongting Yellow Chicken, Henan Gushi Chicken, Guangxi Sanhuang Chicken, Zhejiang Xianju Chicken, etc., or choose excellent varieties suitable for the local area according to local feeding habits and market consumption demand.

Ensure the environmental temperature and humidity of brooding.

The key to brooding is to give the chicks the right temperature. Take the temperature under the incubator as an example: 1 ~ 2 days old is 34℃ ~ 35℃; The age of 3 ~ 7 days is 32℃ ~ 34℃; 28℃ ~ 30℃ in the second week; 26℃ ~ 28℃ in the third week. The brooding temperature drops by 2 degrees per week in winter and spring, and by 3 degrees per week in summer and autumn until it reaches 2 1 degree. Chickens' requirement for relative humidity is 70% ~ 75% in 1 week, decreased to 60% in the second week, and kept at 55% ~ 60% as far as possible after the third week.

Fourth, do a good job in perinatal training.

After three weeks in the house, the weight of the chicks reached130g. At this time, it was kept in the hospital and trained to listen to sounds and eat. After a certain period of training, the chickens come back to eat when they hear the sound. Planting forage in different areas of the hospital or training chicks to eat forage freely, after more than three weeks of training, chicks have enhanced their predation ability and their ability to guard against natural enemies, creating conditions for stocking.

Fifth, do a good job in stocking safety.

After enclosure, the chicks generally weigh more than 0.3 kg and can be scattered in Woods, reservoirs and grasslands. Chickens can catch insects, eat grass seeds and tender grass, and move freely in the vast fields. This cycle is as long as 15 weeks, and the feeding can be gradually reduced from 5 times a day to 2 times. When feeding twice a day, feed less when you release it in the morning and feed more when you come back at night. In the process of stocking, we must take safety precautions to prevent the harm of natural enemies. The following measures can be taken to prevent natural enemies: train domestic dogs to drive away rats and ferrets nearby, drive away eagles with firecrackers, and enclose pastures with nylon nets.

Feed a specific feed

Part of it is artificial feed, and the feed for free-range chickens must be organic feed. Therefore, when planting ecological chicken feed and feed raw materials, it must be cultivated according to the requirements of organic food. Artificial supplementary feeding of animal feed must also be carried out in accordance with the standards for producing organic food. In the process of artificial feed production, it is forbidden to add various chemicals to ensure the quality of free-range chickens. The other part is natural feed. The quality of natural feed depends on the natural environment, mainly including natural forage grass, mature seeds and various natural insects. Only when the natural feed of free-range chickens is sufficient and nutritious can we produce high-quality products with high nutrition and strong nourishment.

7. Prevent three epidemics.

Prevention and treatment of bacterial sexually transmitted diseases with 1

One is pullorum, and its prevention and control measures are: drinking water containing norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin or enrofloxacin. The second is avian cholera, and its prevention and control measures are: intramuscular injection of inactivated avian cholera vaccine after 30 days of age, and effective treatment of sick chickens with sulfonamides, penicillin, streptomycin and erythromycin. The third is colibacillosis, and its prevention and control measures are: 1 month-old intramuscular injection of Escherichia coli oil vaccine, and sick chickens are effectively treated with antibiotics such as kanamycin, neomycin, streptomycin and sulfonamides.

Prevention and treatment of viral diseases

The first is Newcastle disease, and its preventive measures are as follows: 7 ~ 10-day-old chickens are immunized with Newcastle disease IV vaccine by drinking water or nasal drops, 18-day-old chickens are immunized twice, and Newcastle disease I vaccine is injected intramuscularly after 60 days; The second is infectious bursal disease, and its preventive measures are as follows: when chicks 14 ~ 2 1 day old, drink attenuated vaccine water of bursal disease and add 2% skim milk powder to the water; The third type is chickenpox, and its preventive measures are: chickens are vaccinated with chickenpox vaccine at 14 ~ 2 1 day.

3 Prevention and control of parasitic diseases

Feeding albendazole to sick chickens at a dose of 5 mg per kilogram of body weight can achieve the purpose of expelling coccidia and ascaris. Chickens aged 0.5 ~ 3 months are the most susceptible to coccidiosis, showing symptoms such as anemia, emaciation, diarrhea and bloody stool. The drugs for expelling coccidiosis are chlorobenzene guanidine, Qiujing and Sanzi coccidiosis powder.