A summary of knowledge points that must be memorized in geography for the college entrance examination

What are the high-frequency test points in the geography of the college entrance examination? If you want to improve your geography scores, you must master these high-frequency test points. I have compiled some for you.

Summary of knowledge points on earth motion

1. Categories of celestial bodies: nebulae, stars, meteors, comets, planets, satellites, gases and dust in interstellar space, etc.

2. Levels of celestial systems: General galaxy - Milky Way (extragalactic galaxy) - Solar system - Earth-Moon system

3. Large planets are classified according to their characteristics: Earth-like planets ( Water, metal, earth, and fire), giant planets (wood and earth), and abysmal planets (sky, sea).

4. Moon: (1) The front side of the moon always faces the earth, and there is an alternation of day and night; (2) There is no atmosphere, so the temperature difference between day and night on the moon's surface is large, there are many craters, and there is no sound or wind. ;(3) There are mountains, plains (i.e., lunar maria), and volcanoes on the moon's surface.

5. Reasons for the existence of life on earth: stable lighting conditions, safe space environment, suitable atmosphere and temperature, and liquid water.

6. The external structure of the sun and its corresponding solar activities: photosphere (spots), chromosphere (flare), corona (solar wind).

7. Solar activity - sunspots (signs), flares (the most intense), the sunspots change cycle is 11 years.

8. Impact of solar activity: sunspots - affecting climate, flares - ionosphere - radio communications, charged particle flow - magnetic field - magnetic storms

9. Solar radiation Impact: ① Maintaining surface temperature and promoting the main driving force for water, atmosphere, and biological activities and changes on the earth; ② Solar energy is the energy we use daily.

10. Rotation direction: from west to east, counterclockwise when viewed from above the North Pole, clockwise when viewed from above the Antarctic

Speed: ①Linear speed (decreasing from the equator to the poles) 0) ② Angular velocity (equal everywhere except the poles of 0)

Period: ① sidereal day (23h56m4s true period) ② solar day (24 hours, day and night cycle)

Meaning : ① The change of day and night ② In different places with different longitudes ③ The deviation of horizontally moving objects (north, right, south and left)

11. Dawn-evening line: Along the direction of rotation, the transition from night to day becomes the morning line, and the transition from night to day becomes the morning line. The transition from night to night is the dusk line (the sun's altitude angle is 0 degrees on the dusk line).

12. The twilight line and the meridian: the twilight line coincides with the meridian ----- the spring and autumn equinoxes; the twilight line and the longitude intersect at the largest angle - the summer solstice and winter solstice

13. Time Calculation: required time = known time ± zone time difference + en route time

14. Time zone = longitude/15° (if not divisible, then round off) Zone time difference = time zone difference

15. Universal Time: Taking the prime meridian (0°) time as the standard time, it is also called Greenwich Time and is also the zone time of the zero time zone.

16. Date segmentation: From the zero point longitude to the east to the date line (180°) is "today" on the earth, and to the west to the date line is "yesterday".

17. Date line: When crossing the date line from west to east (not completely passing through the 180° longitude), the date will be subtracted by one day, and when crossing from east to west, the date will be added by one day.

18. Location selection of satellite launch base:

Natural factors (① Meteorological conditions require clear weather ② The initial speed of the earth’s rotation: depends on the latitude and terrain ③ The terrain is flat and open);

Human factors (vast land, sparsely populated area, convenient transportation, in line with national defense and security needs).

① Taiyuan: strong technical strength; ② Jiuquan: continental climate, many sunny days; ③ Xichang has low latitude and high initial launch speed;

④ Hainan Wenchang: low latitude and early launch speed High speed; convenient shipping. A major topic that must be memorized in geography for the college entrance examination: Agriculture

⑴ Favorable conditions for the growth of tea:

① Humid and rainy climate;

② Sloping land with good drainage.

⑵ The natural conditions for the production of highland barley on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: high terrain, low temperature, large temperature difference, little precipitation, and sufficient sunlight.

⑶ The Nile Delta (Southern Xinjiang) is rich in long-staple cotton. Reasons: There is sufficient sunlight in summer, scanty precipitation, fertile soil, and convenient irrigation conditions.

⑷ Favorable conditions for the development of Australian animal husbandry:

① There are large areas of arid and semi-arid areas. The grassland is excellent;

② There are many artesian wells for drinking water for livestock;

③ There are no large wild carnivores.

⑸ Western Europe (Northeastern United States) develops dairy livestock Favorable conditions for the industry:

① High latitude, low temperature, heavy cloud cover, frequent rainy days, weak light, and poor soil are not suitable for the development of planting industry.

Suitable for succulent pasture. Growth. (Natural conditions)

②Dense population and cities, large market demand, convenient transportation, and developed economy. (Socioeconomic conditions)

⑹The impact of monsoon climate on agricultural development:

Pros: Rain and heat occur at the same time, which is good for crop growth.

Disadvantages: Frequent droughts and floods.

Variation: Temperate monsoon climate (Huang-Huai-Hai Plain) to develop cotton Favorable conditions for planting:

① High temperature and rainy weather in summer, with hot and rain at the same time, are conducive to cotton growth;

② Less rain and sunny weather in autumn are conducive to later growth and harvesting of cotton.

⑺Central Asia’s agriculture is dominated by desert animal husbandry and irrigated agriculture. Reasons:

①Central Asia is deeply inland and has a temperate continental climate with scarce precipitation and vegetation. Mainly grassland and desert, suitable for the development of desert animal husbandry;

② There are rivers such as the Irtysh River, Amu Darya River, and Syr Darya River in the territory, which is suitable for the development of irrigated agriculture.

⑻ Tropical cash crop management method: corporate plantation.

Production characteristics: large production scale, high commodity rate.

Main distribution: South Asia, Southeast Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America Americas

Characteristics of the host country’s economic structure: a single economy dominated by tropical corporate plantations

How the host country develops its economy:

①Continue to leverage its advantages, Pay close attention to the production of tropical cash crops;

② Pay close attention to food production and strive to increase food production;

③Adjust the industrial structure and establish an independent and complete industrial system and national economic system; < /p>

④ Strengthen "South-South Cooperation";

⑤ Strengthen "North-South Dialogue" and establish a new international economic order.