The station between Battle of Red Cliffs and Guandu passes by. ...

Battle of Red Cliffs is one of the famous wars in the history of China. In 208 AD (13th year of Jian 'an of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty), Cao Cao led his army south to Jingzhou, and then crusaded against Sun Quan. Sun Quan and Liu Bei formed a coalition, and under Zhou Yu's command, they defeated Cao Jun in Chibi of the Yangtze River (now northwest of chibi city, Hubei, northeast of Jiayu), thus laying a tripartite confrontation pattern among the three countries. Battle of Red Cliffs was the first large-scale river battle in the Yangtze River basin, and it was also the only time that Sun, Cao and Liu all sent their main forces to participate in the war.

Enterprising Jingzhou

After the battle of Guandu in 200 years and the northern expedition to Wuhuan in 2007, Cao Cao completed the war to unify the north. After returning to Yecheng (now southwest of Linzhang, Hebei Province) in the thirteenth year of Jian 'an, he immediately began the military and political preparations for fighting in the south. First drill a Xuanwu pool in Ye to practice the water army; Second, send Zhang Liao, Yu Ban, and Le to the area to prepare for emergencies; Third, Marten and his family moved to Yemen and became actual hostages to reduce the threat from the northwest. Fourth, the three officials were abolished, and the prime minister and the ancient censor were placed, further consolidating their dominant position; Fifth, get rid of Kong Rong who insulted and turned against him several times, and safeguard his authority.

In the autumn of July, Cao Cao led more than 100,000 troops south to Jingzhou. In the words of Wang Fuzhi in Zi Zhi Tong Jian, it is "using Yuan Shao's strength to attack Jing and Wu". Just when Cao Cao was dying, Liu Biao died in August. In September, Liu Cong, the second son, surrendered to Cao Jun in Xinye (now Henan) without fighting. Thousands of Meng Chong and battleships of Jingzhou Water Army were owned by Cao Cao, and the strength of Cao Jun's water war was greatly enhanced. Liu Bei, who belonged to Liu Biao and was stationed in Fancheng (now Xiangfan, Hubei), heard the news and led the army to withdraw south.

At that time, Jiangling (now Jiangling, Hubei Province) stored a large amount of grain, grass and weapons of Liu Biao, so on the one hand, Liu Bei retreated from Fancheng to Jiangling, on the other hand, he ordered Guan Yu to lead the water army to meet at Jiangling through Hanshui River. In September, Cao Cao was afraid that Liu Bei would enter Jiangling, so he sent 5,000 elite cavalry, including Tiger and Leopard, to attack 300 Li day and night to pursue Liu Bei and catch up with Liu Beijun in Changbanpo, Dangyang (now northeast of Dangyang, Hubei).

Liu Bei abandoned his followers from Xiangfan and fled with dozens of people, including Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun and Zhuge Liang. Zhao Yun is holding his biological mother, Mrs. Gan, who has just turned one year old, and Zhang Feiling is riding for twenty. Zhang Fei ordered all the people to cut off branches, tie ponytails, gallop back and forth in the Woods, and get off the Changban Bridge alone and stand by. When the pioneer of Cao Cao arrived, Zhang Fei shouted, "I am Zhang Yide. Who will fight to the end?" No one dared to go near Cao Jun, but he saw a big dusty head in the Woods behind him and suspected an ambush, so he retreated. Zhang Fei tore down the Changban Bridge and left, allowing Liu Bei to escape. Cao Cao Jun won countless horses, trench and food for Liu Bei's soldiers, Xu Shu's mother was also taken away by Cao Jun, and Xu Shu took refuge in Cao Ying.

After Cao Cao arrived in Jiangling, he immediately took measures to stabilize the state officials and ordered "Jingzhou officials and people to start a new stove."

Jia Xu thought that the goal of capturing Jingzhou had been achieved, and persuaded Cao Cao to use Jingzhou's resources to regulate the army and the people and stabilize the newly occupied land, but Cao Cao did not listen to his advice. Cao Jun's operational deployment is roughly as follows: Zhao Yanwei (the county is in the southeast of Zaoyang, Hubei Province) is the satrap, and seven armies, including Yu Ban, Zhang He, Li Dian, Zhang Liao and Feng Kai, are in unified command of the actions between Hanshui and Huaishui. In Jingzhou, Cao Cao stationed Coss and Xia in Jiangling, Cao Hong in Xiangyang, and another water army from Xiangyang along the Hanshui River to Xiakou. Cao Cao personally led a group of troops and the newly attached Jingzhou people to attack Wu Dong along the river.

[Editor] Sun Liu Alliance

Schematic diagram of Battle of Red Cliffs At first, Sun Quan sent Lu Su to Jingzhou to mourn Liu Biao, saying that Liu Bei joined forces with Cao Cao. After Liu Cong surrendered to Cao Cao, Lu Su and Liu Bei met in Dangyang. Liu Bei listened to Lu Su's persuasion, retreated to the southeast of Hanshui River, joined Guan Yu's water army from the east of Hanshui River, and retreated to Xiakou (now Wuhan, Hubei Province) with more than 10,000 people of Liu Biao's eldest son Jiangxia, in an attempt to unite Sun Quan against Cao Cao. Zhuge Liang volunteered to Liu Bei and went to Soochow with Lu Su to ask Sun Quan for help.

When Zhuge Liang arrived in Chaisang (southwest of Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province), Sun Quan had received a letter from Cao Cao, which said, "Today, there are 800 water conservancy troops, and Fang and others will hunt in Wu." Sun Quan didn't want to be controlled by Cao Cao with "all the land of Wu, hundreds of thousands of people", and he was worried that Sun Liu's allied forces could not compete with Cao Cao. Sun Quan's leadership represented by Lu Su and Zhang Zhao's leadership also had a heated debate. Zhuge Liang analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of both sides for Sun Quan: "Although the Yuzhou (Liu Bei) army was defeated by Nagano, there are still 10,000 troops in Guan Yu's water army, and Liu Qihe's troops are not less than 10,000." He pointed out: (1) Cao Cao's expedition made the foot soldiers tired; (2) northerners "don't learn water fights"; (3) The people of Jingzhou have not convinced Cao Cao. Zhuge Liang's conclusion is that if Sun and Liu Lianhe get together, they will win.

Lu Su persuaded Sun Quan by challenging him, and suggested that Sun Quan immediately recall Zhou Yu to Poyang (now northeast of Poyang, Jiangxi). Zhou Yu supported the opinions of Zhuge Liang and Lu Su, and successively analyzed Cao Jun's weaknesses, pointing out: First, Cao Jun was exhausted; Second, "it's cold now, and the horses have no grass." Third, Ma Chao and Han Sui are still in Kansai, which is Cao Cao's future trouble. Then, the actual strength of Liu Biao was analyzed, and it was pointed out that there were only 150,000 to 60,000 people from the Central Plains, while the newly reduced number of 70,000 to 80,000 people by Liu Biao was not welcomed by Cao.

Strictly speaking, Lu Su did not use provocation. At the military meeting, ministers headed by Zhang Zhao suggested surrendering to Cao Cao. Although Sun Quan was dissatisfied, he was noncommittal. After the meeting, while Sun Quan went to the toilet, Lu Su secretly followed Sun Quan and pointed out: "We (he and Zhang Zhao and others) can still get official positions after surrender. What about the general (Sun Quan)? " Sun Quan was indifferent, so Lu Su suggested recalling Zhou Yu who was training. Lu Su was belittled in romance novels. In fact, Lu Su has a high political vision, and Sun Quan appreciates it, but he was criticized by Zhang Zhao for being too young in his early years.

After recalling Zhou Yu, Zhou Yu analyzed the above situation and thought that he could defeat Cao Cao by giving him 30 thousand chosen men. So Sun Quan drew his sword in public, cut off the corner of the table and said, "If you dare not say surrender again, consider it a table."

Sun Quan strengthened the confidence of uniting Cao to win, and appointed Zhou Yu and Lu Su as the left and right commanders and Zanjun as a captain. Zhou Yu led 30,000 elite troops down the river and joined Liu Bei's army of more than 20,000 people to fight against Cao.

[editor] defeated Wu Lin

Zhou Yu's army met Liu Bei at Fankou. Then upstream, to the red cliff, to meet with jun, Cao Jun's new, new Jingzhou water army fighting capacity is weak, and suffering from the plague, the first battle is unfavorable. Cao Cao had to "lead the army northward" and tilt the warship to the Wulin side on the north shore. Zhou Yu docked the warship on the red cliff side of the south bank, and the two sides confronted each other.

Northern soldiers were not used to life on the ship, so Cao Cao ordered the warships to be tied together with chains to reduce bumps. Zhou Yu suggested that Huang Gai defeat Cao Jun with fire attack tactics: "It is difficult and lasting to fight many people today. However, the military ship is connected with the ship end to end, and it can burn away. " Zhou Yu adopted Huang Gai's suggestion and immediately decided to let Huang Gai approach Cao Cao's warship by pretending to surrender. Ten Huang Bei warships, full of diesel oil, were disguised as curtains for external use and planted with flags agreed with Cao Cao.

It's the middle of winter, and it's windy in the north, but according to meteorological laws, it's common to have cold days and less warm days after a few days, and the wind direction may turn to the east or south. It is said that on Jiazi Day (65438+ February 7th, 2008)1/month12nd, the sky was high and the clouds were light, and the weather was sunny. In the evening, the south wind rises, and at midnight, the wind is urgent. Huang Gai set out from the prepared boat and sailed with the wind to Cao's boat. In the middle of the river, Huang Gai saw the torch with his hand, and all the soldiers shouted in unison: "Come down quickly!" " "The officers and men in Cao Jun were unprepared." They all waited, watched and pointed at those words. "Two miles from Cao Jun, Huang Gai ordered the firewood to be lit, and at the same time he became very angry. The fire was fierce, and the ship flew like an arrow, burning up the north ship and extending to the camp on the shore. After a while, "the smoke is burning, and many people are drowning." (It is said that before the Huanggai ship approached, Zhang Liao, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, suddenly said to Cao Cao, "Since the troops surrendered and loaded with soldiers' food, why did you draft so shallowly?" Cao Cao was suddenly surprised, but it was too late, and the fire attack began. )

South Sun Jun's main fleet took the opportunity to beat gongs and drums; At the same time, Liu Bei also moved from Shushan to Wulin. The Allies crossed the Yangtze River and defeated Cao Jun. Seeing that the defeat was irreversible, Cao Cao immediately set himself on fire and led the army to retreat. Zhou Yu and Liu Bei's army went hand in hand, and Cao Cao retreated in the direction of Jiangling along Huarong Road (now Jianli North, Hubei Province), but Liu Beijun could not catch up. Thanks to Zhang Liao and Xu Zhu, Cao Cao was able to escape. At the gates of Jiangling, Cao Cao retreated to the north for fear of instability in the rear, leaving Coss and Huang Xu guarding Jiangling and happily stationed in Xiangyang.

In addition, the book History of Cao Caoba published by Chen proposed several Chibi viewpoints:

1. As the saying goes, "Speak of the devil, and he will arrive", which means that Cao Cao is eager to fight like the wind and invade like fire. Liu Bei abandoned the army in Xuzhou because he was unprepared, and he encountered a similar situation before the war in Chibi, Jingzhou.

2. Since Cao Cao was cautious in fighting, why did the defeat of Chibi fall like a mountain? Apart from Zhou Yu's own analysis, Zhou Yu may have concealed a climatological fact. In Dongting Lake area, due to the topographic wind, when the weather clears up, southeast wind may blow to confront it. Cao Cao, who grew up in the north, did not think of this, while Zhou Yu grew up in the Yangtze River.

3. Cao Cao wrote a poem before the war. There is a saying: "The bright moon and the stars are sparse, and birds fly south." It is indirectly proved that the climate in Chibi before the war is clear in winter, which is enough to support the above theory of topographic wind. It is better to prepare Cao Cao than to have a southeast wind.

[Edit] Consequences

Before Chibi, Cao Cao had great advantages: first, Cao Cao "held the emperor to make princes", and it was difficult for princes to compete morally; Second, Cao Cao went south with his newly won army, full of energy. Third, Cao Cao's strength is several times that of Sun and Liu. Since Cao Cao has such advantages, Sun Liu's record is even more brilliant. In this battle, Sun played an important role in the water war and skillfully attacked it with fire, which can be said to be a decisive and famous war example in the history of China. After Battle of Red Cliffs, Cao Cao returned to the north, and there was no chance to go south to Jingzhou on such a large scale. Cao Cao Group also lost the possibility of unifying the whole country in a short time.

Zhou Yu and others confronted Coss across the river and sent Gan Ning to attack Yiling (now Yichang, Hubei). Coss led troops into this area, and Zhou Yu led troops to rescue them. Liu Bei returned to Xiakou, wanted to return to Hanshui, and went around behind Coss. The following year, Coss was forced to withdraw. Sun Quan continued to form an alliance with Liu Bei to jointly resist Cao Cao. Liu Bei attacked the south of Jingzhou, including Wuling (the county governing Changde, Hunan), Changsha, Guiyang (the county governing Chenxian, Hunan) and Lingling (all in Hunan), and surrendered. Later, he won Yizhou in Liu Zhang. Sun Quan occupied Jiangdong, forming a separatist situation of Wei, Shu and Wu.

[editor] comment

When commenting on Cao Cao's defeat in Chibi, traditional historians emphasized that he was proud of underestimating his enemy. For example, Zhang Zuoyao's Biography of Cao Cao said: "Cao Cao is extremely excited and easily carried away by victory."

Cao Cao did not use victory to completely defeat Liu Bei.

Pei Songzhi, who annotated the reflection, disagreed. He believes: "Cao Caochu came to Jianghan, which not only deterred YueYang; The water warfare tool endowed with Liu Biao, taking advantage of Jingchu, will be a good opportunity to shock and outline; If you don't take this opportunity to take Wu, will you be safe? "

One aspect that traditional comments generally ignore is the epidemic factor. Cao Cao blamed the failure on illness. He wrote to Sun Quan, saying, "Battle of Red Cliffs, who is seriously ill, burned his boat alone and settled for the second best, making Zhou Yuxi famous all over the world." Pei Songzhi commented on Battle of Red Cliffs: "As for the defeat of Chibi, it was a matter of luck. In fact, it is vigorously promoting the peak of disease damage, and the wind comes from the south and is used as a burning potential. This is true, very embarrassing? " Li Yousong's article "Discussion on the Relationship between Cao Cao's defeat in Chibi and Schistosomiasis" points out that the reason for Cao Cao's defeat in Battle of Red Cliffs is "disease"-acute schistosomiasis. The battlefield in Battle of Red Cliffs was precisely the area where schistosomiasis was seriously prevalent at that time, and it was the infection season of schistosomiasis at that time. Battle of Red Cliffs starts in winter, but Cao Jun migrates and trains in autumn. Cao Cao's water army was infected with schistosomiasis before the Middle War in Battle of Red Cliffs, and it took more than a month to get sick, which made it exhausted and vulnerable in the war. However, Liu and Sun's troops have been engaged in production and life in schistosomiasis endemic areas for a long time, and the soldiers have more or less developed certain immunity.

Rafe de Crespigny thinks that the Battle of Wulin is really a small-scale encounter.

[Editor] Legend and Romance

When later writers wrote poems, essays and novels on the theme of this war, they often deliberately infiltrated exaggerated and additional elements.

In Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Battle of Red Cliffs is the most important, largest and most concentrated war in the book. From the 42nd Liu Yuzhou's defeat in Hanjinkou, Lu Su came to Xiakou to mourn Liu Biao, to the 43rd war of words between Zhuge Liang and Confucianism, the 40th Zhuge Liang outsmarted Zhou Yu, the 45th Jiang Gan recruited talents, the 46th borrowed an arrow for a coup, the 47th Pang Tong skillfully taught a series of tricks, and the 48th locked war.

The Romance of the Three Kingdoms vividly describes that Zhou Yu's camp is in Xishan, Ezhou, and Sun and Cao Bing are in Sanjiangkou.

Legend and romance are very different from history.

[edit] appendix

[edit] historical materials

The main first-hand historical data is the History of the Three Kingdoms written by Chen Shou.

There are many contradictions among Shu Wei, Shushu and Wu Shu in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms.

In the past 30 years, archaeological discoveries have begun to supplement official records. 1973 A bronze stirrup in the late Eastern Han Dynasty was unearthed, which was printed with a tile inkstone in the eighth year of Jian 'an (AD 203), as well as bronze mirrors, ceramics and arrows in the Eastern Han Dynasty. 1976, iron rings, nails and bronze mirrors of the Eastern Han Dynasty were found in the soil layer more than one meter below Chibi Mountain. In the same year, another hook made of copper, iron and jade was found on Chibi Mountain.

[Edit] The location of Chibi

For many years, academic circles have been discussing the issue of "Red Cliff", and various theories have been called "New Red Cliff War" by modern media. Generally speaking, there are at least seven kinds of "Red Cliff Theory": Puyin Theory, Huangzhou Theory, Zhongxiang Theory, Wuchang Theory, Hanyang Theory, Hanchuan Theory and Jiayu Theory. Judging from the current discussion, the focus of the debate is Pu Yin's theory, Jia Yu's theory and Huang Zhou's theory, and the other four theories are difficult to establish.

Puyin said: "Chibi is in the northwest of Puyin County, Hubei Province, on the south bank of the Yangtze River." "Yuanhe County Records" also said: "Chibi Mountain is 120 miles west of Pu Xian County, facing the great river in the north, and its northern shore is Wulin, that is, Zhou Yu used Huang Gaice to burn Cao Gong's boat." Hu Sansheng's "Learning from the Same Experience" and Tan Qixiang's "Atlas of Chinese History" are also key points. Among the three statements, Puyin is more credible, because in recent years, a large number of cultural relics have been unearthed in Puyin Chibi. 199 1 The Essays on the Ancient Battlefield Puyin Chibi published by the School of Humanities of Hubei University agrees with the above viewpoint.

Jiayu said: "Ancient Chinese" edited by Wang Li and "Selected Literary Works of China in Past Dynasties" edited by Zhu Dongrun both hold the view that Chibi is in the northeast of Jiayu County, Hubei Province. If we trace back to the source of this theory, there is evidence that the Draft of the Unified History of Qing Dynasty was quoted from Zhu. "Notes on Water Classics" said: "Chibi Mountain is in the south of Bairen Mountain, and it should be in the northeast of Jiayu County, at the junction with Jiangxia, and go to Wulin for 200 miles." This statement was later recognized by Yang Shoujing, a famous geographer in the late Qing Dynasty.

Huang Zhou said: There is also a saying that Chibi is in the east of Wuhan today. Du Mu in the Tang Dynasty and Su Shi in the Northern Song Dynasty regarded Chibiji (now Dongpo Chibi) in the northwest of Huanggang (ancient Huangzhou) as Chibi, because the rock wall here is vertical and red, just like a fire. Su Shi's "Thousand Cliffs Fu" said: "Looking at Xiakou in the west and Wuchang in the east."

The battle of Guandu is one of the famous battles in the history of China. In the fifth year (200 years) of Jian 'an, Emperor Xian of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao and Yuan were at loggerheads in Guandu (now northeast of Zhongmou, Henan), where they launched a strategic decisive battle. Cao Cao raided Yuan Jun's granary in Wu Chao (now Fengqiu West, Henan Province), and then defeated Yuan Jun's main force. This battle laid the foundation for Cao Cao's unification of northern China.

background

In 200, the sphere of influence of Cao Cao (Blue) and Yuan Shao (Red) was 196 (the first year of Jian 'an). Cao Cao welcomed Xian Di and moved the capital to Xuchang. Since then, his power has greatly increased. Successively defeated Lu Bu and Yuan Shu, and occupied Yanzhou, Xuzhou and some Yuzhou and Li Si. 199 (four years of Jian 'an), Yuan Shao finally defeated Gongsun Zan. According to Youzhou, Jizhou, Qingzhou and Bingzhou, all of which are places of Hebei, he wants to fight for the world in the south. In this way, the decisive battle between the two most important political and military groups in North China is inevitable.

At first, the situation in Yuan Qiang was very weak. Yuan Shao has no worries, a vast territory and a large population, and can mobilize more than 100,000 troops. Cao Cao was attacked on all sides. Besides Yuan Shao in the north, the generals in Guanzhong are still waiting to see, Liu Biao and Zhang Xiu in the south refuse to surrender, and Sun Ce in the southeast is stirring. Liu Bei, who is temporarily attached, is also very close to each other. Nevertheless, some people of insight at that time, including Cao Cao's counselors Yu Xun and Guo Jia, were still engaged in Zhang Xiu in Liangzhou and Jia Xu in yangfu. After a comprehensive analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of Cao and Yuan, it is believed that Yuan Shao is broad-minded outside and taboo inside, and both of them are optimistic about Cao Cao, thinking that the situation will change in the direction of Cao Cao.

[edit] periphery

In the fourth year of Jian 'an, Zhang Xiu followed Jia Xu's advice and defected to Cao Cao. Liu Biao lacks decision, and the two don't help each other. Cao Cao used Wei Ji's plan to pacify Guanzhong and began to build fortifications in Guandu to guard against Yuan Shao's attack on Xudu.

In the first month of the fifth year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao led the troops to crush Liu Bei who betrayed Yuan Shao. Guan Yu was captured alive and surrendered, and was immediately returned to the army. Yuan Shao hesitated and lost the opportunity to attack Cao Cao.

In February, Yuan Shao led 100,000 infantry and 10,000 cavalry into Liyang (now northeast of Xun County, Henan Province), ready to cross the river and sent Yan Liang to attack Baima (now northeast of hua county, Henan Province).

In April, Cao Cao used Xun You's plan as a diversion, pretending to cross the river in Yanjin, and induced Yuan Shao to divide his troops and March westward. In fact, Yan Liang was caught off guard and killed by Guan Yu. The siege of the White Horse has been solved, and Cao Cao's immigrants retreated along Jiangxi. Yuan Shao led his troops across the river and chased them to the south of Yanjin. Cao Cao ordered the cavalry to release their horses and throw away the trench. Wen Chou and Liu Bei pursued with five or six thousand cavalry, while the soldiers scrambled for the trench and made a mess. Cao Cao rode more than 500, took the opportunity to attack, and Wen Chou died in the army. After that, Cao Cao was also Guandu, Yuan Shaojin always protected Wu Yang (now southeast of Yuanyang, Henan Province), and Guan Yu returned to Liu Bei.

Schematic diagram of the Battle of Guandu At that time, Jiangdong Sun Ce tried to sneak attack on Xudu, but was assassinated by an assassin. Liu Bi, the yellow turban insurrectionary in Runan, rebelled, and Yuan Shao sent Liu Bei to help him break it for Coss.

[editor] at loggerheads

In August, Yuan Shao did not listen to Ju Shou's suggestion to continue fighting, and gradually advanced from Wu Yang to Guandu, using sand ridges as chariots, with dozens of miles from east to west.

In September, Cao Cao fought Yuan Shao and turned his enemy into his friend. Yuan Shao built high oars and hills and shot high, so Cao Bing had to walk under the shield. Cao Cao built a mine car and sent stones to demolish the building. Yuan Jun dug again, and Cao Jun dug a long ditch. Cao Jun is running out of food and grass, and his infantry is tired. Cao Cao wrote to Yu Xun, discussing the retreat to Xudu. Yu Xun wrote back: "Yuan Shao concentrated his main force on Guandu and wanted to know whether the referendum would win or lose. The public is weak and the public is strong. If it is not controlled, it will be used. This is the key to determining the general trend of the world. When Chu and Han were between Xingyang and Xiang Yu, Liu Bang and Xiang Yu were unwilling to take a step back first, thinking that they would suffer if they retired first. Yuan Shao has been unable to move forward for half a year, and one equals ten. The situation is clear, there is no room for manoeuvre, and major changes are about to take place. This is the time to win by surprise. Don't miss it. " So Cao Cao decided to continue to stand by and let Huang Xu and others harass Yuan Jun's supply line.

[editor] surprise attack

In October, Yuan Shao sent Chunyu Qiong to escort the store with more than 10,000 troops and stationed it in Wu Chao (now Fengqiu West, Henan Province), forty miles away from Yuan Shao's camp. Ju Shou suggested sending Jiang Ji to flank cover, but Yuan Shao refused. It was said that the light soldiers attacked Xudu at night, but they were not adopted. His family was imprisoned for breaking the law, so Xu Sui broke with Yuan and took refuge in Cao Cao. Cao Cao came out barefoot to meet him and asked Xu You. Xu You told Cao Cao that Yuan Jun's trench was more than 10,000 yuan, and the garrison was lax. If he is advised to travel light, Yuan will be defeated. Cao Cao decided to let Cao Hong and Xun You stay in Guandu Camp. Each led 5,000 riders and divided them into Jiang Ji. People tied their horses to shut up, carried firewood, and rushed from the path to Wu's lair at night, where they set fire to the city, causing panic and chaos in Chunyu Qiong. At dawn, Chunyu Qiong found Cao Cao and serenade, went out to fight back, Cao Cao led an army assault, and Chunyu Qiong retreated into the camp. When Yuan Shao learned of the military situation, he only sent Qing Qi to save Chunyu Qiong, and ordered Zhang He and Gao Lan to attack Cao Cao's Guandu camp on a large scale. Zhang He believes that the battlefield in Wu Chao is the key to determine the war situation and should be rescued with all efforts. Yuan Shao didn't listen. When reinforcements approached Wu's lair, Cao Cao boosted his morale, concentrated his forces, beheaded Chunyu Qiong first, and then cut off the aid riding and burned up the supplies.

News reached the front of Guandu, and Guo Tu, the counselor, framed Zhang He and Gao Lan. When Zhang He and Gao Lan learned that Yuan Shao was going to kill them, they led Cao. So Yuan Jun collapsed completely. Yuan Shao and his eldest son Yuan Tan only led the troops to cross the river for eight hundred miles and fled back to the north. Tian Feng vented his anger in this way.

[Edit] Results

After the battle of Guandu, Cao Cao's power expanded. After the battle of Guandu, Cao Cao was the strongest country in the world, and Yuan Shao was too weak to compete with it. In the seventh year of Jian 'an, Yuan Shao died of illness, Yuan Tan and Yuan Shang fought for power and power, and there was chaos in Hebei. Cao Cao took advantage of the chaos and finally unified the north in the twelfth year of Jian 'an.

Other post-war related affairs:

1. After the battle of Guandu, Cao Cao captured Ju Shou. Jushou was an old friend of Cao Cao, but refused to surrender to Cao Cao and asked to die facing the north. Finally, Cao Cao shed tears and beheaded his giant hand.

2. Cao Cao found some officials in Xu county in Yuan Shao camp, wrote to Yuan Shao to show his position and ordered them all to be burned to death. To appease the opposite side. Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty, did something similar before settling the world.